• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.29-36
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• 2007

Muscle tone (stiffness/hardness) or muscle compliance changes during muscle contraction. The purposes of this study were to assess the intrarater and interrater reliabilities of the Myotonometer$^{(R)}$, electronic device that quantifies muscle tone. Two raters used the Myotonometer to assess the right bicep brachia and quadriceps muscles of 30 voluntary persons without any orthopedic or neurological problems (age range, 18~21 yrs). Muscles were measured in a relaxed state and during brief sustained voluntary maximal isometric contraction. Intrarater correlation coefficients were calculated for each muscle and for each condition (relaxed and contracted). Intrarater reliabilities (intraclass correlation coefficients, ICCs) ranged from .778 to .954, relaxed, biceps brachia), .926 to .963 (contracted, biceps brachia), .935 to .990 (relaxed, quadriceps) and .679 to .952(contracted, quadriceps). Interrater reliabilities ranged from .652 to .790 (relaxed, biceps brachii), .813 to .907 (contracted, biceps brachii), .831 to .950 (relaxed, quadriceps) and .849 to .937 (contracted, quadriceps). Myotonometer measurements had high to very high intrarater and interrater reliability for measurements of the biceps brachia and quadriceps muscles.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and the validity of Mibyeong Questionnaire (MQ). The subjects enrolled in this study was 165 from July 2015 to Jan. 2016. The surveys were conducted twice with 3 month terms. Methods The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ analysis for internal reliability, Pearson Correlation Coefficient analysis for test-retest reliability, Factor analysis with varimax rotation for construct validity, Kappa analysis for diagnostic reliability were used. The significant p-value was less than 0.05. Results and Conclusions The result showed that the Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of MQ was .857-.937 and total was .913. The reliabilities between test and retest for the MQ were .666-.832 (0.416-0.673, in case of including recovery question) in intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The Kappa of recovery question in each item was ranged 0.23(80.6% in agreement rate) to .46(87.9% in agreement rate). In test-retest the Kappa value of Mibyeong diagnosis referred by median value was .418(71% in agreement rate). This study revealed that MQ is a reliable and valid questionnaire.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.17-22
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the quantitative isometric muscle strength of shoulder girdle and the test reliability using by the equipment, named 'IsoTrack', selected by authors in the former studies. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects (9 men, 21 women) were recruited in two sessions, one for intratester and intertester reliability tests and the other quantitative isometric muscle strength tests. The neck flexion, extension and scapular elevation muscle strength was measured using a force measuring device as IsoTract. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients for intratester reliability of the all subjects ranging between 0.96 and 0.97. For intertester reliability, the ICC and Pearson correlation correspond to 0.84 and 0.78. We gauged muscle strength of shoulder girdle muscles based on it and indicated quantified isometric muscle strength of women and men in left and right side. Conclusion: We concluded that there were high reiliability of isometric muscle strength of neck and shoulder girdle. Also, we gauged muscle strength of shoulder girdle muscles based on it and indicated quantified isometric muscle strength in left and right side in women and men. So this findings may assist in the measure of whole body muscle strength.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.147-150
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the reliability of unilateral hip abductor strength assessment in side-lying with break and make test in subjects with pelvic drop. Hip abduction muscles are very important in the hip joint structures. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate their strength in a reliable way. Methods: Twenty-five subjects participated in this study. Unilateral isometric hip abductor muscle strength was measured in side-lying, with use of a specialized tensiometer using smart KEMA system for make test, of a hand held dynamometer for break test. Coefficients of variation, and intra class correlation coefficients were calculated to determine test-retest reliability of hip abductor strength. Results: In make test, maximal hip abductor strength in the side-lying position was significantly higher compared with break test (p<0.05). Additionally, Test-retest reliability of hip abductor strength measurements in terms of coefficients of variation (3.7% for make test, 16.1% for break test) was better in the side-lying position with make test. All intraclass correlation coefficients with break test were lower than make test (0.90 for make test, 0.73 for break test). Conclusion: The side-lying body position with make test offers more reliable assessment of unilateral hip abductor strength than the same position with break test. Make test in side-lying can be recommended for reliable measurement of hip abductor strength in subjects with pelvic drop.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.179-188
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a valid Adult Fall Assessment Scale Korean version (FAS-K) for inpatients in general hospitals in Korea. Methods: This a 14 item FAS-K was developed based on a review of national and international research and expert opinions in related field. Interrater reliability of FAS-K was analyzed using the ICC (Intraclass Correlation Coefficients). To examine the validity of FAS-K, a CVI (Content Validity Index), the Pearson correlation coefficients between FAS-K and two widely used scales, the Morse Fall Scale (MFS) and the Johns Hopkins Hospital Fall Risk Assessment Tool (JHFRAT), and the Mann-Whitney test were used. Results: The ICC was .958. The CVI ranged from .70 to 1.00. The FAS-K was significantly associated with the MFS (r=.74, p<.001) and with the JHFRAT (r=.87, p<.001), verifying the concurrent validity of FAS-K. As for the construct validity of FAS-K, significant differences between the fall and non-fall groups were found not only in the MFS (Z=-3.23, p=.001) but also in the FAS-K (Z=-3.10, p=.002). Conclusion: The findings indicate that the FAS-K is a reliable fall risk assessment tool with high validity.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.234-241
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• 2022

Purpose: The Cardiac Rehabilitation scale (INCR scale) is a verified measure worldwide. The scale measures the extent to which cardiac rehabilitation meets the various needs of the participating patients and determines how education related to heart disease and rehabilitation satisfies their preferences. The current study applied the INCR scale to verify and develop it for use in Korea by conforming to Korean culture and language. Methods: The Korean version of the INCR scale was created after a six-step process in accordance with the international questionnaire translation law. The Korean version of the INCR scale was assessed in 45 cardiac rehabilitation patients (29 males, 16 females). Internal consistency was verified using Cronbach's alpha. Test-re-test reliability and interrater reliability were verified using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Content validity was selected to verify the validity. Results: The content validity index of the Korean version of the INCR scale was high, with an average of 0.93. Cronbach's Alpha for Internal consistency also revealed high reliability of 0.89 in all 10 categories. The interclass correlation coefficient of the test-re-test and interrater reliability scores were 0.95 and 0.81, respectively. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the Korean version of the INCR scale would be instrumental in the clinical setting to determine the knowledge, educational needs, and preferences of patients participating in cardiovascular disease and cardiac rehabilitation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.340-358
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to develop an instrument to showcase Dignity in Care of Terminally Ill Patients for Nurses and to examine its validity and reliability. Methods: A total of 58 preliminary items on dignity in care of terminally ill patients for nurses were selected using content validity analysis and expert opinions on 97 candidate items derived through a literature review and qualitative focus group interviews. Questionnaires were administered to 502 nurses caring for terminally ill cancer patients at hospice and palliative care institutions. The data were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity, and Pearson correlation for criterion validity, reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha. Results: The final instrument consisted of 25 items, with four factors identified through confirmatory factor analysis. Four factors-ethical values and moral attitudes, interaction-based communication, maintaining comfort, professional insight and competence-accounted for 61.8% of the total variance. Cronbach's α for total items was .96, and test-retest reliability of intraclass correlation coefficient was .90. Conclusion: Since its validity and reliability have been verified through various methods, the Dignity in Care Scale of Terminally Ill Patients for Nurses can be used for develop nursing interventions and improve dignity in care of terminally ill patients.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.200-207
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• 2024

Background: This study aimed to evaluate whether a Novel Plaque Index (NPI) using intraoral camera images would be more useful for assessing the accumulated area of dental plaque compared to three other indices. Methods: This study evaluated 80 disclosed plaque tooth surface images from 40 participants, including the facial surfaces of the maxillary left first molar and mandibular left central incisor. The tooth surface was divided longitudinally into three sections, with each section further subdivided into four subsections. A score ranging from 0 to 5 was assigned to each longitudinal third, and the average score was determined as the NPI score for the tooth surface. Two examiners assessed the NPI, Patient Hygiene Performance Index, Quigley and Hein Plaque Index, and Rustogi's Modified Navy Plaque Index scores obtained using the plaque images. The assessments were repeated twice with a 2-weeks washout period. The Plaque Percent Index (PPI) score calculated via image analysis is considered the gold standard. Results: The NPI showed the highest correlation coefficient with PPI compared to the other indices (examiner 1: 0.87, examiner 2: 0.88). The intraexaminer reliability of the NPI was excellent for both examiners. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for examiner 1 and 2 was 0.95 and 0.93, respectively. The weighted kappa values were >0.85 for both examiners. The ICC of the interexaminer analysis was 0.93 and the weighted kappa showed a reliability value of 0.81. Conclusion: The NPI was found to have greater validity and reliability than the three existing indices for the quantitative scoring of dental plaque.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.55-65
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of anterior walker and posterior walker on gait parameters and body alignment of children with cerebral palsy. The intraclass correlation coefficient was .99 for intertester reliability. Intratester reliability was between .96 and .99. The use of posterior walker increased gait velocity and facilitated more upright posture. The measurement of joint angle program was found to be reliable to measure range of motion. This study has a limitation of generalizing the results to all children with cerebral palsy. Research is required to investigate the effect of posterior walker on energy efficiency.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.383-392
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• 1995

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the intratester reliability of measurements obtained with 3 Dimensional Motion Analysis System(3DMAS) by tester on normal subject. Twenty subjects between the ages of 9 and 29(x=22) were evaluated with 3DMAS using a test-retest reliability procedure after a familiarization session. Computerized 3DMAS was done with 4 50 - Hz CCD cameras connected to the ELITE system(B. T. S., Italy) and kinetic data were collected from the AMTI force platform(AMTI., U. S. A). Data were analyzed by the Eliclinic software to obtain gait parameters, joint angles and joint internal moment and power. Test-retest revealed intraclass correlation coefficients from .80 to .99. A series of paired t-tests revealed no significant differences between test and retest values. Finally, it was concluded that tester with 3DMAS could obtain reliable measurements with 3DMAS for determining kinetic, kinematic and gait parameters in normal subjects.