• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.190-206
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• 2011

We propose an adaptive combination scheme of intra and inter prediction modes, where uni-directional intra prediction, bi-directional intra prediction, and inter prediction method are adaptively selected in an EMB (extended macro block). For each EMB, after all inter blocks have been encoded and decoded, the reconstructed blocks are used as reference data for bi-directional intra prediction of other blocks. Whereas conventional intra coding scheme does not use the right and below side pixels of the current block as reference data, the proposed method uses those for bi-directional intra prediction mode. In this paper, we propose three advanced techniques; (a) filter design for bi-directional prediction, (b) adaptive coding order scheme which increases the chance to use the bi-directional intra prediction mode, (c) modification of syntax to represent coding order. The information for the coding order is informed to the decoder by using the modified syntax structure without adding any additional flag. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme reduces the BD-Rate by 0.5%, on average, compared to KTA.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2012

The economic exchanges have become increasingly frequent between China and Korea and the average annual growth rate of the total trade volume has increased by 30% since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries. With the rapid economic growth and industrial upgrading of China, there are changes in the investment of Korea in China and domestic demand of China, and the trade structure of Sino- Korea has changed a lot in recent years. The changes have mainly manifested in the following aspects, including the increased proportion of high-tech products, raw materials and the intra-industry trade, the decreased proportion of consumer goods, the inter-industry trade and the trade deficit of China. With the development of the situation of international economy, the scale of Korea and China trade will continue to expand and the structure of Korea and China trade will also keep on changing in the long run.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1825-1839
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• 2015

The final draft of the latest video coding standard, High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), was approved in January 2013. The coding efficiency of HEVC surpasses its predecessor, H.264/MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC), by using only half of the bitrate to encode the same sequence with similar quality. However, the complexity of HEVC is sharply increased compared to H.264/AVC. In this paper, a method is proposed to decrease the complexity of intra coding in HEVC. Early pruning and an early splitting strategy are applied to the quadtree structure of coding tree units (CTU) and residual quadtree (RQT). According to our experiment, when our method is applied to sequences from Class A to Class E, the coding time is decreased by 44% at the cost of a 1.08% Bjontegaard delta rate (BD-rate) increase on average.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.123-129
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• 2020

Intra-industry trade (IIT) has played an important role in international trade of Vietnam as a result of rapid growth of the country. This article investigates the level of IIT between Vietnam and 11 trading partners in Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) over the period 2000-2014. Although there have been a large number of empirical researches contributed to the determinants of IIT, most of them only pay attention on developed countries where the trade flows are similar due to similar demand structure and production technology. Until now, there is no study on intra-industry trade between Vietnam and countries in TPP that Vietnam recently signed a trade agreement in early 2016. IIT is measured by the Grubel-Lloyd index. The index shows that the extent of intra-industry trade between Vietnam and the trading countries is not high due to the level of economic development and the market size. The determinants of IIT are examined using a panel regression model. In the empirical analysis, the results indicate that Vietnam's intra-industry trade is positively correlated with country size, while it is negatively correlated with income dissimilarity, the trade openness, and geographical distance. This study contributes to the new theoretical trade theory on the evidence of developing country's IIT.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.107-122
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• 2016

This study aims to develop a framework to estimate mobile source emissions with the macroscopic travel demand model including enhanced estimates of intra-zonal travel emissions using Space Syntax analysis. It is acknowledged that "the land-use and transportation interaction model explains the influence of urban structure on accessibility and mobility pattern". Based upon this theory, the estimation model of intra-zonal travel emissions is presented with the models of total travel distance, total travel demand, and average travel speed of intra-zonal trips. Thess statistical models include several spatial indices derived from the Space Syntax analysis. It explains that urban spatial structure is a critical factor for intra-zonal travel emissions, which is lower in compact zone with smaller portion of land area, lower sprawl indicator, and more grid-type of road network. Also the suggested framework is applied in the evaluation of the effectiveness of bicycle lane project in Suwon, Korea. The estimated emissions including intra-zonal travel is as double as the results only with inter-zonal demands, which shows better performance of the suggested framework for more realistic outcomes. This framework is applicable to the estimation of mobile source emissions in nation-wide and the assessment of transportation-environment policies in regional level.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.127-132
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• 2011

The silicon-containing Diamond-like Carbon (Si-DLC) film as an low friction coefficient coating has especially treated a different silicon content by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process at $500^{\circ}C$ on nitrided-STD 11 mold steel with (TMS) gas flow rate. The effects of variable silicon content on the Si-DLC films were tested with relative humidity of 5, 30 and 85% using a ball-on-disk tribometer. The wear-tested and original surface of Si-DLC films were analysed for an understanding of physical and chemical characterization, including a changing structure, via Raman spectra and nano hardness test. The results of Raman spectra have inferred a changing intra-structure from dangling bonds. And high silicon containing DLC films have shown increasing carbon peak ratio ($I_D/I_G$) values and G-peak values. In particular, the tribological tested surface of Si-DLC was shown the increasing hardness value in proportional to TMS gas flow rate. Therefore, at same time, the structure of the Si-DLC film was changed to a different intra-structure and increased hardness film with mechanical shear force and chemical reaction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2019.06a
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• pp.222-224
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• 2019

Light Field (LF) camera captures not only the light intensity but also the light direction coming to camera. While the rich information captured by LF camera enables many interesting applications such as digital refocusing, viewpoint changing, and 3D reconstruction, but it also requires powerful coding tools to reduce its large volume of data. In this paper, we investigate using the intra prediction scheme of the versatile video coding (VVC), which is the most recent video coding technology currently under developing, to compress the LF image. The Intra Block Copy (IBC) technique in VVC is exploited considering special LF image structure. The experimental result shows that VVC intra predict ion outperforms the H.265/HEVC intra coding technique in encoding LF data irrespective of using the IBC mode or not.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.595-610
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• 2021

Recently a few articles have derived robust first-order rotatable and D-optimal designs for the lifetime response having distributions gamma, lognormal, Weibull, exponential assuming errors that are correlated with different correlation structures such as autocorrelated, intra-class, inter-class, tri-diagonal, compound symmetry. Practically, a first-order model is an adequate approximation to the true surface in a small region of the explanatory variables. A second-order model is always appropriate for an unknown region, or if there is any curvature in the system. The current article aims to extend the ideas of these articles for second-order models. Invariant (free of the above four distributions) robust (free of correlation parameter values) second-order rotatable designs have been derived for the intra-class and inter-class correlated error structures. Second-order rotatability conditions have been derived herein assuming the response follows non-normal distribution (any one of the above four distributions) and errors have a general correlated error structure. These conditions are further simplified under intra-class and inter-class correlated error structures, and second-order rotatable designs are developed under these two structures for the response having anyone of the above four distributions. It is derived herein that robust second-order rotatable designs depend on the respective error variance covariance structure but they are independent of the correlation parameter values, as well as the considered four response lifetime distributions.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.495-502
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• 2018

JVET (Joint Video Exploration Team) which explored evolving technologies of video coding with capabilities beyond HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding), released a references software codec named the Joint Exploration Model (JEM) for performance verification of coding technologies. JEM has 67 intra prediction modes that extend the 35 modes of HEVC for intra prediction. Therefore, the enhancement of the coding performance is limited due to the overhead of prediction mode coding. In this paper, we analyze the probabilities of prediction modes selections, and then we propose a more efficient intra prediction mode coding based on the results of analyzed mode occurrence. In addition, we propose a context modeling for CABAC (Context-Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding) of the proposed mode coding. Experimental results show that the BD-rate gain is 0.02% on the AI (All Intra) coding structure compared to JEM 7.0. We need to optimize context modeling for additional coding performance enhancement.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 1995.06a
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• pp.143-148
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• 1995

In this paper, we describe a fast 3D video segmentation method using mathematical morphology. The proposed 3D video segmentation algorithm is composed of intra-frame segmentation step and inter-frame segmentation step. In the intra-frame segmentation step, the first frame is segmented using the fast hierarchical segmentation method. Then, in the inter-frame segmentation step, the next frames are segmented using markers that are extracted from the difference of previous segmentation result and simplified present image. Experimental results show that the proposed method has more fast structure and is suitable for video segmentation.