• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2021

Helminth infections are prevalent in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). This study aimed at determining the prevalence and risk factors of intestinal helminthiasis in remote mountainous villages of northern Lao PDR. During the dry season in January 2017, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in 3 remote mountainous villages in Oudomxay province, Lao PDR. Villagers older than 18 years of age who agreed to submit stool samples or undergo an interview, were recruited. Stool samples from 198 individuals were examined by the Kato-Katz method, and a questionnaire surveyed 161 individuals among them. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors associated with the intestinal helminthiasis. An overall prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis was 75.8%. Hookworm infection was the most common (63.1%), followed by Opisthorchis viverrini/minute intestinal flukes (17.7%), Taenia spp. (15.2%), Trichuris trichiura (2.0%), Ascaris lumbricoides (1.5%), and Enterobius vermicularis (1.0%). Questionnaire analysis revealed sex (male) and absence of latrine to be significant risk factors for hookworm infection and consumption of raw meat for taeniasis. These results suggest that the mountainous area in northern Lao PDR has a different composition of helminth infections from other studies conducted in Lao PDR; a high prevalence of hookworm infection and taeniasis and low prevalence of T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides infections were observed. Also, liver flukes or intestinal flukes were similarly prevalent in the mountainous area.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.193-201
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• 2023

Prebiotics are known as components of intestinal microbiota that can improve and maintain human health status by stimulating the growth and activity of the intestinal tract as a method of controlling the intestinal environment. In this study, we examined whether 2'-fucosyllactose (FL) could affect intestinal microbial population and bowel activity. Water content and frequency of mouse feces were increased in the 2'-FL treated group at a high concentration (1,000 mg/kg), with brightness of the color enhanced and physical properties diluted. In addition, intestinal microbial analysis showed that harmful bacteria Clostridium and Staphylococcus strains were decreased and beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus strains were markedly increased in the group treated with a high concentration of 2'-FL compared to those in the control group. These findings suggest that administration of 2'-FL can maintain healthy bowel activity by reducing harmful bacteria population and improving diluted physical properties.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1149-1161
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• 2023

Changes in the gut microbiome cause recolonization by pathogens and inflammatory responses, leading to the development of intestinal disorders. Probiotics administration has been proposed for many years to reverse the intestinal dysbiosis and to enhance intestinal health. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of two newly designed probiotic mixtures, Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome, on two enteric pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli that may cause intestinal disorders. Additionally, the study was designed to evaluate whether Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome could modulate the immune response, produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and reduce gas production. Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome showed superior adhesion ratios to HT-29 cells and competitively suppressed pathogen adhesion. Moreover, the probiotic mixtures decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β. Cell-free supernatants (CFSs) were used to investigate the inhibitory effects of metabolites on growth and biofilms of pathogens. Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome CFSs exhibited antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity, where microscopic analysis confirmed an increase in the number of dead cells and the structural disruption of pathogens. Gas chromatographic analysis of the CFSs revealed their ability to produce SCFAs, including acetic, propionic, and butyric acid. SCFA secretion by probiotics may demonstrate their potential activities against pathogens and gut inflammation. In terms of intestinal symptoms regarding abdominal bloating and discomfort, Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome also inhibited gas production. Thus, these two probiotic mixtures have great potential to be developed as dietary supplements to alleviate the intestinal disorders.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.727-734
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• 1994

To elucidate the effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP), vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP) and substance P was investigated with perivascular nerve stimulation and treatment of peptides from polygraph in the isolated renal artery of rabbit. 1. The neurogenic contraction induced by perivascular nerve stimulation was the frequency-dependent manner(264 Hz) in the isolated renal artery of rabbit. 2. CGRP and VIP caused the relaxation on the precontraction with noradrenaline($10{\mu}m$) on the presence and absence of endothelium in the isolated renal artery of rabbit. 3. Substance P caused the endothelium-dependent relaxation on the precontraction with noradrenaline($10{\mu}m$) in the isolated renal artery of rabbit. 4. CGRP and VIP inhibited the neurogenic contraction by the perivascular nerve stimulation(0.3 ms, 80 V, 50 Hz, 1 sec) on the absence and presence of endothelium in the isolated renal artery of rabbit. 5. Substance P inhibited on the neurogenic contraction by the perivascular nerve stimulation with the endothelium-dependent in the isolated renal artery of rabbit.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.991-998
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• 1998

The effects of indigestible dextrin on serum lipid and glucose concentrations, large intestinal functions, feces states, and gastrointestinal transit time were studied with 90 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Diets contained 0.5% cellulose(0.5CL control), 10% cellulose(10CL), and 10% indigestible dextrin I (10ID-I), respectively and were fed to the rats for 3 weeks. Serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were lower in rats fed the 10ID-I diet. Serum triglyceride concentration was lower in rats fed the 10CL diet. Cecal content and cecum weight significantly increased in the rats fed the 10ID- I diet. Cecal pH of the rats fed the 10ID-I diet was lower than that of the rats fed the 0.5CL diet. Changes of fecal output were not observed in case of 0.5CL and 10ID-I diets but a significant increase was observed in the case of 10CL. Gastrointestinal transit time of 10ID-I was the longest among the three diets. These results demonstrate that indigestible dextrin delivered to the cecum was not digested and increased the cecal mass. Indigestible dextrin improves colonic health of rats by inducing low pH of the cecum. (Korean J Nutrition 31(6) 991-998, 1998)

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.85-89
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• 2016

Omega-3 rich fish oils are extremely labile, thus requiring control of oxidation and off flavor development. A recently proposed emulsification method, layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition, was found to be a plausible method to enhance the characteristics of bioactive ingredients, especially lipids. The present work was designed to test the possibility of enhancing the uptake and utilization of omega-3 fatty acids present in fish oil. The bioavailability of nano-emulsified fish oil was monitored in terms of intestinal absorption as well as skin permeability by using the everted intestinal sac model and Franz cell model. The skin permeability and intestinal absorption characteristics was significantly improved by LbL emulsification with lecithin/chitosan/low methoxypectin. Multilayer encapsulation along with nano-emulsification can be a useful method to deliver biologically active lipids and related components, such as fish oil. The protective effect of this tool from lipid oxidation still needs to be verified.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.44 no.2 s.138
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• pp.171-174
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• 2006

The status of intestinal parasitic infections and seroprevalence of cystic echinococcosis in the inhabitants In Dornod and Selenge, Mongolia, was observed with stool and serum samples from 165 and 683 residents from August 9 to August 15, 2003. A total of 10 inhabitants (6.1%) were found to be infected with protozoan cysts or oocysts by stool examinations; 7, 1 and 2 cases with Entamoeba coli, Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum, respectively. A total of 62 people (9.1 %) revealed significantly high levels of specific antibodies against Echinococcus granulosus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The surveyed areas are rural areas and the sanitized tab water is not available. There is a possibility of endemic transmission of water-borne protozoan diseases in these areas. The clinical echinococcosis is needed to be searched from the seropositive inhabitants.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.1109-1120
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• 2022

Antibiotics used to be supplemented to animal feeds as growth promoter and as an effective strategy to reduce the burden of pathogenic bacteria present in the gastro-intestinal tract. However, in-feed antibiotics also kill bacteria that may be beneficial to the animal. Secondly, unrestricted use of antibiotics enhanced the antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria. To overcome above problems, scientists are taking a great deal of measures to develop alternatives of antibiotics. There is convincing evidence that probiotics could replace in-feed antibiotics in poultry production. Because they have beneficial effects on growth performance, meat quality, bone health and eggshell quality in poultry. Better immune responses, healthier intestinal microflora and morphology which help the birds to resist against disease attack were also identified with the supplementation of probiotics. Probiotics establish cross-feeding between different bacterial strains of gut ecosystem and reduce the blood cholesterol level via bile salt hydrolase activity. The action mode of probiotics was also updated according to recently published literatures, i.e antimicrobial substances generation or toxin reduction. This comprehensive review of probiotics is aimed to highlight the beneficial effects of probiotics as a potential alternative strategy to replace the antibiotics in poultry.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.18-21
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• 1977

Effects of alginate and tangle on the suppression of intestinal absorption of heavy metals were tested by albino rats. The absorption of cadmium was suppressed by adding 5% or 10% alginate to the diets contaminated with 5 ppm cadmium, but not by 1% a1ginate or 10% tangle (p<0.05).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.9-12
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• 1978

An effect of alginate and seaweeds on the intestinal absorption of cadmium was tested in vitro. The absorption of cadmium was remarkably suppressed by alginate though the effect was not selective toward cadmium or calcium. The suppressive effect was also observed with tangle and laver, differing in some aspects from alginate only.