• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2004

The home health care industry has grown rapidly and can be expected to continue to grow in the foreseeable future. Home health care refers to the practice of nursing applied to clients with a health condition in the clients place of residence. clients and their designated care givers are the focus at home health nursing practice. The goal of care is to initiate. manage and evaluate the resources needed to promote the clients optimal level of well-being and function. Nursing activities necessary to achieve this goal may warrant preventive maintenance and restorative emphases to prevent potential problems from developing. Many project program were suggested home health care model for Korea's health care system and policy direction for expansion and establishment of home health care .But the aim of this paper is to provide on overview for theoretical frame work in home health care. Theories and conceptual frameworks or models are important nursing because they define and guide the boundaries of professional practice and identify key nurse-patient-caregiver relationships that emerge with caring. Following is the research with an investigation of the literature review in the University of Arizona international medline database, In conclusion, are as followers: First, many nursing theorists have had a tremendous impact on nursing practice. the following highlights those nursing theorists that are particularly helpful in understanding home health care. 1. Florence Nightingale : Our earliest theoretical legacy. Nightingale's believes are reflected in basic infection control practice such as hand washing and infectious waste disposal and are key nursing interventions in home care. 2. Martha Roger's :Science of unitary human beings theory. Rorger's believed that the focus of shared. non invasive healing modelities is the human environmental field rather than direct physical care. These modelities continue to evolve as our awareness (reflecting greater diversity, faster rhythms, motions, and ways of knowing) transcends time and space, allowing individuals to get in touch with their integral nature of unbroken wholeness. On people as ever changing energy fields have special relevance in home care especially with hospice and palliative care applications. 3. Madeline Leininger's; Transcultural nursing theory. Home care nurses move through a variety of communities and often care for patients from different cultural back grounds. Therefore Leininger's work has a good that with home care because home care nursing practice is very culturally focused. 4. Dorothea Orem's : Self care deficit theory. Orem's theory views care as something to be performed by both nurses and patients. The role of the nurse is to provide education and support that help patients acquire the necessary activities to perform self-care. Orem's theory is foundational to have care because it begins to truly acknowledge the role of the patient in managing his or her own health. which is referred to as self-care. 5. Margaret Neuman's; Health as expending consciousness theory. Neuman believes that health compasses disease and reflects an underlying pattern of person-environment interaction. A key application of 'Neuman's work to home care is for nurses to understand that health and illness do not necessarily exist at opposite ends of a continuum. 6. Jean Watson's: Theory of human caring. Watson's theory of human caring in nursing proposes human caring as the moral ideal of nursing. Nurses participate human caring to protect, enhance and preserve humanity by assisting individuals to fing meaning in illness. pain and existence and to help others gain self knowledge. self control. and self healing such thinking lends richness to theory development. as well as clinical practice in home care. Second, Robin Rice : Dynamic self determination for self care. (A theoretical framework for home care) Dynamical self determination for self care can be useful to home care nurses in a variety of ways. As research tool it can be reflected in the interview process when the home visit. The home care nurse's role is that of facilitator of patient self-determination for self care through numerous strategies. including patient education and case management.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2016

탑골공원은 우리나라 최초의 공원, 3.1 만세운동의 발상지, 대표적인 노인들의 여가공간이라는 다양한 층위의 상징성과 의미를 포함하고 있다. 2001년 시행된 탑골공원 성역화 사업은 그 중, 일제 강점기 독립만세운동의 발상지로서의 상징성을 채택하였고, 기존에 탑골공원 내에서 이루어졌던 음주가무, 연설, 바둑 장기, 붓글씨와 같은 취미활동 등 대부분의 행위와 이용시간을 제한하였다. 또한, 자판기 등의 편의시설을 없애고, 여유 공간을 녹지로 조성하여 축소시켰으며, 나무벤치를 화강석으로 바꾸는 등 전체적으로 공원의 설계를 변경하였다. 본 연구는 성역화 사업이후 나타나고 있는 탑골공원의 현상에 주목하고, 현재 혼란을 겪고 있는 탑골공원의 정체성에 대하여 논하였다. 성역화 사업 이후의 대표적 현상으로 노인 이용자들이 탑골공원보다 비교적 자유로운 여가활동이 가능한 종묘공원으로 대거 이동하였고, 하루 평균 2,000명을 초과하던 탑골공원의 이용자수는 급격히 감소하였다. 이러한 현상과 함께 관찰조사 및 심층 인터뷰 조사결과, 첫 번째 탑골공원의 정체성으로서 대부분 경제적 하위계층의 노인들이 공원에서 만나는 비슷한 형편의 또래들과 어울리며 위안을 얻으며, 행위규제로 인한 소극적 행태의 여가공간으로 나타났다. 이는 외부 공공공간, 즉, 공간적 차원에서의 사회적 배제의 공간이라는 점과, 기존 노인 이용자들의 이동이라는 현상을 보여주고 있다. 두 번째로, 성역화 사업이 시행된 지 15년이 지난 지금까지도 독립운동의 발생지로서 다양한 계층의 활발한 이용은 이루어지지 않고 있는데, 이는 성역화 사업이 우리나라 최초의 공원이라는 상징성과 '공원'으로서의 기능이 간과되어 있음을 보여주고 있다. 결론적으로, 탑골공원은 현재 기념공간으로서도, 일상성이 강조된 공원으로서 뚜렷한 특징을 보이지 않는 모호한 정체성의 공간임을 보여주고 있다. 이에, 성역화 사업에서 의도하고 있는 기념성은 반드시 성스러워야 할 필요는 없으며, 좀 더 다양한 이용을 이끌어 낼 수 있는 융통성 있는 기념공원으로서의 정체성확립을 제안하였다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.253-262
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• 2014

This, an association research for design-improvement and model-development of exhibition shops at rural tourism communities, is to secure objective data by analyzing customers' awareness-tendency of and demand for agricultural-specialty exhibition shops. Survey-questions for finding out consumers' awareness-tendency and demand were determined through brainstorming of a professional council, 30 rural communities of which visit-rate by consumers is considerably high were selected for the recruit of 200 consumers. For investigation and analysis, survey and in-depth interview were carried out at the scene with the application of frequency analysis and summarization of their opinions, which revealed that they have a strong will to visit the rural tourism communities for the purchase of agricultural specialties along with the experience of learning-program and on-the-scene direct dealing and that their viewpoint on the direct dealing at the scene was very positive. Also it was confirmed hat their satisfaction with the purchase of agricultural specialties by on-the-scene direct dealing, their pleasure at the purchase, their satisfaction with services and their intention for re-purchase of them were very high while their satisfaction with the exhibition shops was very low. With on-the-scene survey, the consumers' opinions could be listened to in depth. Almost all of them said their satisfaction with the trip to those rural tourism communities was considerably high since they could go to those communities themselves to relieve the stress from their modern life, to experience healing and to see the goods on the scene. Their satisfaction also was attributed to the fact that they have enough trust in purchase along with feeling the warm-heartedness of rural residents. As to their awareness of exhibition shops, they showed a positive response to the on-the-scene direct dealing at rural communities while they, thinking that the space in those exhibition shops was not sufficiently wide, demanded for more systematic counters in more accessible and affordable exhibition shops so that they might be more satisfied with the exhibition shops. Their demand for the necessity of exhibition shops selling agricultural specialties was found to be over 80%, which indicates that the necessity is very high. As to the suitability of function, they have the opinion that the business at those shops had better be focused on sales since they have the understanding of information when they take a trip to the rural communities, while there was another opinion: since agricultural products are seasonal items they should be exhibited and sold at the same time. More than 90% of the respondents had a positive viewpoint on direct dealing of agricultural specialties on the scene, which showed that their response to it was very high. They preferred the permanent shops equipped with roll-around table-booths. In addition, it was revealed that they want systematic exhibition shops in rural communities because they frequent those communities for on-the-scene direct purchase. The preferred type and opinion resulting from estimation of consumers' demands have been reflected for development of practical designs. The structure of variable principles has been designed so that the types of display-case and table-booth might be created. The result of this study is a positive data as a design model which can be utilized at rural communities and will be commercialized for the verification of its validity.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2010

본 연구는 베이징 올림픽 경기장과 함께 본격적으로 조성되고 있는 중국 현대 도시공원에 있어 중국 전통원림기법의 적용 내용, 특히 도입전통원림 요소에 대한 시민들의 인식과 선호도를 분석하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 본 연구의 대상으로는 중국의 현대도시공원의 대표격으로서 2008년 중국 베이징 올림픽을 계기로 새롭게 조성된 베이징 올림픽산림공원으로 하였다. 본 연구의 방법으로는 첫째, 베이징 산림공원의 설계개념 등의 분석을 통해 설계요소를 분석하고, 현장조사를 통해 확인한 후, 둘째, 문헌연구를 통해 중국 전통원림의 유 무형의 구성요소를 분석하였다. 셋째, 이상의 이론적 근거 위에서 실증조사를 통해 베이징 산림공원에 나타난 중국 전통원림 요소를 찾아내고, 넷째, 이들 요소를 항목으로 2009년 10월에 설문조사 및 인터뷰를 실시하여 전통원림 요소에 대한 출현빈도 등 인식과 요소별 선호도를 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과는 첫째, 베이징 산림공원에 나타나는 전통원림 요소는 "수(水)"와 "산(山)", "전통원림식물", "원림건축", "전통철학사항", "시정화의 의경" 등인 것으로 물리적 요소와 무형의 철학 사상적 요소로 구분되는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 이들 중국 전통원림 요소들의 출현 빈도에 대한 인식은 수(水)와 산(山), 전통원림식물, 전통사상철학, "시정화의 의경", "전통건축물" 순인 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 전통원림 요소 중, 선호도가 높은 것은 "전통원림건축", "전통원림 철학사상" 및 "시정화의 의경", "전통원림식물" 순으로 나타났으며, 넷째, 전통원림 요소로서 출현빈도가 높은 산, 수, 식물 등 자연적 요소는 전통원림이라기보다는 생태적 기반의 현대적 공원으로 인식하는 경향이 있는 반면, "전통원림건축"과 같은 구조물은 빈도의 출현은 낮으나 강력한 전통원림 요소로 선호도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과는 현대 도시공원에 전통적 조경설계 기법을 적용함에 있어 사상과 철학 등 무형적 요소가 적용된 경우와 산, 수, 식물 등 자연요소를 도입하고자 할 경우에는 시민들에게 전통조경요소에 대해 충분히 설계의도를 설명할 수 있는 수단이 마련되어야 한다는 시사점을 던지고 있었다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.487-499
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• 2021

연구목적: 본 논문은 미래 산업발전과 환경변화에 대한 안전인증기준의 합리화를 위하여, 안전인증기준의 성능화에 대한 문제점을 검토하고 개선방향을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법: 문헌조사 및 실무자 면담조사를 통해 안전인증 체계에 대한 문제점과 한계점을 정리하고, 안전인증기준의 현황을 설계기준과 성능기준 그리고 세부적인 기준으로 분류하여 현황 분석을 실시한다. 그리고 조사 및 분석한 결과를 종합하여 안전인증기준의 성능화를 위한 개선사항을 제시한다. 연구결과: 조사를 통해 안전인증의 문제점과 한계점은 정부주도의 인증체계운용, 정형화된 인증기준, 인증개선에 장시간이 소요, 인증기준 마련체계의 부실, 업계의견 반영의 부족 등 6가지로 정리 할 수 있었다. 그리고 인증기준을 성능 및 설계기준으로 구분하여 분석한 결과, 기계 및 설비, 방호장치의 경우, 설계기준이 69.7% 및 64.9%로 높게 나타난 반면, 보호구의 경우 성능기준이 61.1%로 높게 나타났다. 설계기준 중심의 안전인증기준을 성능화하기 위해서는 인증기준의 성능화 가능성 판단, 검사시험방법의 규정 가능성 판단 등이 전제되어야 한다. 그리고 성능화를 위해서는 제조물책임법강화, 시장모니터링 등 체계화, 인증시험 업무의 분산, 민간의 인증기준 마련 참여 등의 제도기반 및 인프라 구축이 필요한 것으로 검토 되었다. 결론: 연구를 통해 우리나라 안전인증제도의 문제점과 한계점을 정리하고 성능화 필요성에 대하여 검토 하였다. 안전인증기준의 성능화는 법령정비, 인프라 구축 등 준비 작업이 필요한 사항으로 중장기적인 추진이 필요하다. 또한 전체 안전인증기준의 성능화 보다는 인증대상 품목별로 성능화 요건을 검토하여 추진하고, 세부적인 사항은 추가적인 연구를 통해 구체화해 나가야 한다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2023

본 연구는 인간이 새롭게 거주할 수 있는 해저공간 플랫폼과 관련하여 그 필요성, 역할, 활용, 운영관리 방안을 도출하는 데 그 의의가 있다. 현재 해저공간 활용을 위한 해양수산부 연구개발 사업에 참여하고 있는 산학연관 협약기관 종사자들과 해양분야 기술개발에 참여하고 있는 외부전문가의 의견을 토대로 해저공간 창출의 필요성과 운영방안에 대해 종합적 의견을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 한국형 해저공간 플랫폼 건설에 참여하고 있는 연구자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고 해양분야 기술개발 전문가들을 대상으로 표적집단면접(FGI)를 실시하였으며 그 결과를 도출하였다. 분석 결과, 해저공간 플랫폼의 건설 필요성은 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 해저공간 플랫폼의 역할로는 해저공간 활용 기술개발 및 해양과학 연구기능 확보 의견이 가장 많았다. 해저공간 플랫폼 조성이 국내 산업에 긍정적 영향을 미칠 것으로 조사되었으며, 특히 심해개발산업, 조선 해양구조물산업에 가장 영향을 많이 미칠 것으로 나타났다. 활용적 측면에서는 해저공간 테스트베드가 종료된 후 해양관측기지 및 해양생태계연구로의 활용 답변이 가장 높은 비중을 가졌으며, 예상되는 불편한 점으로는 심리적 환경에서의 불편을 가장 높게 나타났다. 전문가들은 향후 안정적 운영을 위해 지속적인 예산확보가 무엇보다 중요하고, 항목별 예산에서는 인력예산의 확보가 필수적이며, 따라서 확실한 재원조달처 발굴, 신규 연계사업의 발굴 등이 가장 중요한 이슈일 것으로 의견을 제시하였다. 아울러 사업 종료 이후 활용 시 고려되어야 할 소유문제, 위탁관리문제, 비용문제를 확실히 하기 위해 사전 협약 당시부터 확립하고 대비책을 마련한 후 사업을 추진하는 것이 적절할 것으로 판단했다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.44-65
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• 1983

As a part of the epidemiological studies of clonorchiasis, this study was conducted to evaluate the current endemicity and the natural transition of the Clonorchis infection in Gimhae Gun and delta area a high endemic area in Korea in recent years, prior to the introduction of praziquantel which will eventually influence the status of the prevalence. The data obtained in this study in 1983 were evaluated for natural transition of the infection in comparison with those obtained 16 years ago in 1967 by the author(Kim, 1974). The areas of investigation, villages and schools surveyed, methods and techniques used in this study were the same as in 1967, except for the contents of the questionnaire for raw freshwater fish consumption by the local inhabitants. 1) The prevalence rate of clonorchiasis in the general population of the villages was 48.1% on the average out of a total of 484 persons examined. The average of those of the riverside-delta area was 65.2% and 43.0% in the inland area. Among the schoolchildren, the prevalence rate was 8.2% on the average out of a total of 1,423 examined. By area, the prevalence rate was 10.8% in the riverside delta area and 2.8% in the inland area. By sex, difference in the prevalence was seen only in the inhabitants of the inland area showing 52.4% in the male and 33.5% in the female. 2) In the natural transition of the infection, the prevalence rate among the inhabitants has decreased from 68.8% in 1967 to 48.1% in 1983, and in the schoolchildren from 56.4% in 1967 to 8.2% in 1983. The reduction rate was higher in the riverside-delta area than in the inland area. 3) In the prevalence rate by age, 11.9% was first seen in the 5-9 age group and the rate gradually increased up to 75.0% in the 50-59 age group. By sex, the rate was higher in the male than in the female in the 20-29 age group and over. 4) In the natural transition of the prevalence rate by age, the reduction rate of the infection during the past 16 years was greater in the younger age groups up to the 40-49 age group and reached the same level in the age group 50-59. Reduction was seen again in the age group over 60s. By sex, the reduction rate was greater in the female than in the male in the 20-29 age group and over. By area, the reduction rate was greater in the riverside delta area than in the inland area, particularly in the young age groups. 5) In the intensity of the infection among the cases, the mean egg out-put per mg feces per infected cases(EPmg) in the inhabitants was 6.3. EPmg of those of the river-side-delta area was 15.4 and that of the in-land was 2.8. On the other hand, in the schoolchildren, EPmg was 3.2, and no difference was seen between the two areas, the river-side-delta area and the inland area. 6) In the transition of the intensity of the infection by area, EPmg among the inhabitants inexplically increased from 7.8 in 1967 to 15.4 in 1983. This was probably caused by uneven specimen collection in the process of sampling the population. EPmg of the inhabitants in the inland area and those of the schoolchildren of both riverside delta and inland areas showed a similar decrease in the past 16 years. 7) The intensity of the infection by age showed a relatively low level in the 20-29 age group and below, and EPmg 5.1-9.5 was seen in the 30-39 age group and over. Sex, Epmg was 5.8 in the male and 4.7 the female. By in 8) In the transition of the intensity of the infection, EPmg decreased from 6.2 in 1967 to 5.4 in 1983. By age, in contrast to the figures of 1967 in which EPmg gradually increased with some fluctuation from 1.1 in the 0-4 age group to peak 10.5 in the 50-59 age group, in 1983 lower intensity of the infection was seen in the age group from 10-14 to 20-29 with the EPmg range of 0.6-2.7. 9) In the distribution of the clonorchiasis cases by the range of EPmg value, 43.2% of the cases were in 0.1 0.9 and 34.6% in 1.0-4.9. As a whole by cumulative percent, 44.6% of them were under 0.9 as light infection and 86.1% of them under 9.9 up to moderate infection. By sex, no difference was seen in Epmg. 10) In the transition of the distribution by the range of Epmg, the cases were distributed up to the range 80.0-99.9 in 1967 and to 60.0-79.9 in 1983. By cumulative percent, in the range of 0.1-0.9 and less, light infection, 34.3% of them were distributed in 1967 and 44.6% in 1983 with about 10% increase. In the range of 5.0-9.9 and less, up to moderate infection, 83.2% in 1967 and 86.1% in 1983 of the cases were seen, respectively. 11) The practice of raw freshwater fish consumption among the inhabitants seems to have decreased in recent years. Those who admitted to raw freshwater fish consumption in the last two years among the infected inhabitants were 59.3%, although 86.8% of them professed to have experience with raw freshwater fish consumption. 31.7% of those who have had experience of the raw freshwater fish consumption denied any further consumption in recent years. From an interview of 543 school-children, 24.1% of them admitted to an experience of raw freshwater fish consumption. However, those who have practised in the past two years comprized 17.9%. Those who denied raw freshwater fish consumption in recent years among those who had such experience were 26.0% out of 131 interviewed. The rate of raw freshwater fish consumption in both inhabitants and schoolchildren were higher in the male than in the female. On the contrary, the rate of those who did not practise in recent years among those who had experience of raw freshwater fish consumption was higher in the female than in the male. 12) The major reason for the reduction of raw freshwater fish consumption among the local inhabitants was the risk of the fluke infection. However, it has become apparent that such change of taste has resulted from water pollution impact which has affected throughout the areas of the freshwater systems in this locality since last several years. 13) In animal survey, Clonorchis infection was seen in 14.8% of 88 dogs examined and 3.7% of 27 house rats examined. It was noted that populations of dogs and cats have increased in the villages surveyed. Although the prevalence rate was lower in the present survey than those of 1967, the significance of the animals as the reservoir host has not changed. 14) Prevalence rate of Clonorchis infection by cercariae in the first intermediate host, Parafossarulus manchouricus, was 0.6% out of 517 snails examined. The infection rate was lower in comparison with 2.3% out of 2,124 examined in 1967. Moreover, sharp decreases in number and distribution of the intermediate host snails in many watershed areas of the huge freshwater systems in this locality seemed to reduce transmission of Clonorchis in connection with the intermediate host stage of its life cycle. 15) Clonorchis infection in the second intermediate fish hosts was relatively low. The mean number of Clonorchis metacercaria per fish in Pseudorasbora parva was 517 in 1983, whereas it was 1943 in 1968 through 1969. Environmental water pollution has also caused the decreased fish population density in these areas, and this has also apparently affected to the practice of raw freshwater fish consumption among the local inhabitants. 16) In conclusion, endemicity of Clonorchis infection in Gimhae Gum and delta area of the Nagdong River has sharply decreased during the past 16 years. The major cause of the regressive transition of the infection was the water pollution of the land water systems of this locality. The pollution has upset the ecosystems comprizing of the intermediate hosts of Clonorchis in many areas, and also affected to a significant extent to the discontinuance of the local inhabitants for raw freshwater fish consumption.