• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.353-356
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• 1993

Advent of new imaging modalities such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound contributed greately to the specific imaging diagnosis. However plain chest X-ray is still most prequently used for imaging diagnosis of respiratory disease in clinical pratic and it is important to make a good quality of X-ray film and good interpretation. The optimal chest X-ray should be taken with full inspiration without rotation and motion and the exposure is at the level of barely demonstrable thoracic vertebral disc space. It is recommended that higk KVP technique for detection of lesions which is overlaped by mediastinum, heart and rib cage. It is better to examine chest X-ray film start at some distance(6-8 feet) and closer to the film later on and the reader should not read a film in fatigue condition. The reading room should be quiet and relately dark illumination. It is important, to make a good X-ray film and good interpretation to reduce the observer error.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.97-101
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• 1987

The edge, a discontinuity or abrupt change in the gray-level or color, is a fundamentally important primitive feature of an image necessary for the image analysis and classification. Two-dimensional 3x3 compass gradient operators (ex. Sobel, Prewitt, and Kirsch operators)are commonly used in the edge detection and usually detect 8 compass directional components. In this paper, we present a new interpretation of the relationships between the resulting 8 gradient magnitudes and the 8 intensity values of neighboring pixels which are covered by the two-dimensional 3x3 mask. It is expected that a new gradient edge operator may be designed by changing the eigenvalues in the transform domain and the fast optical edge operator may be implemented by using the optical system.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.383-404
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• 1999

This study began with an epistemological question about the nature of mathematical cognition in relation to the learner's activity. Therefore, by examining Piaget's 'reflective abstraction' theory which can be an answer to the question, we tried to get suggestions which can be given to the mathematical education in practice. 'Reflective abstraction' is formed through the coordination of the epistmmic subject's action while 'empirical abstraction' is formed by the characters of observable concrete object. The reason Piaget distinguished these two kinds of abstraction is that the foundation for the peculiar objectivity and inevitability can be taken from the coordination of the action which is shared by all the epistemic subjects. Moreover, because the mechanism of reflective abstraction, unlike empirical abstraction, does not construct a new operation by simply changing the result of the previous construction, but is forming re-construction which includes the structure previously constructed as a special case, the system which is developed by this mechanism is able to have reasonability constantly. The mechanism of the re-construction of the intellectual system through the reflective abstraction can be explained as continuous spiral alternance between the two complementary processes, 'reflechissement' and 'reflexion'; reflechissement is that the action moves to the higher level through the process of 'int riorisation' and 'thematisation'; reflexion is a process of 'equilibration'between the assimilation and the accomodation of the unbalance caused by the movement of the level. The operational learning principle of the theorists like Aebli who intended to embody Piaget's operational constructivism, attempts to explain the construction of the operation through 'internalization' of the action, but does not sufficiently emphasize the integration of the structure through the 'coordination' of the action and the ensuing discontinuous evolvement of learning level. Thus, based on the examination on the essential characteristic of the reflective abstraction and the mechanism, this study presents the principles of teaching and learning as following; $\circled1$ the principle of the operational interpretation of knowledge, $\circled2$ the principle of the structural interpretation of the operation, $\circled3$ the principle of int riorisation, $\circled4$ the principle of th matisation, $\circled5$ the principle of coordination, reflexion, and integration, $\circled6$ the principle of the discontinuous evolvement of learning level.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 4th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Organized by the University of New South Wales
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• pp.445-452
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• 2011

The schedule hierarchy in construction project is generally composed of three levels. The highest level is a milestone schedule and represented by Bar Chart format. The middle level is an integrated project schedule (IPS) and represented by CPM (Critical Path Method) format. The lowest level is a detail working schedule and usually represented by Bar Chart. The traditional scheduling techniques such as ADM (Arrow Diagramming Method) or PDM (Precedence Diagramming Method) cannot represent all kinds of schedule within schedule hierarchy as identical schedule format. However, the BDM (Beeline Diagramming Method) technique can represent all kinds of schedule within schedule hierarchy as identical CPM format. This paper describes the basic concept, principle, interpretation methods, and schedule computation methods of the BDM as a new networking technique that can represent all kinds of overlapping relationships between activities, and then presents an example of representing three level's schedules within schedule hierarchy by the BDM technique.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.22-33
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• 2020

사인시스템은 현재 관광지구에서 가장 널리 사용하는 안내매체 중 하나이며, 그것의 역할은 관광지의 자원과 문화적 가치를 소개하고, 관광객들의 관광 체험을 더 잘 할 수 있도록 도와주는 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 관광객에게 있어서 태산 관광지구 사인시스템의 영향 요인을 도출하고, 만족도를 분석하여 향후 관광객의 만족도를 높이기 위한 태산등산로 사인시스템을 제언하는 것이 목적이다. 연구방법은 선행연구에서 파악된 사인시스템의 평가항목을 도출하고, 통합 세분화하여 태산등산로 사인시스템의 평가항목을 선정하였으며, 설문조사와 요인분석을 실시하여 영향요인을 도출했다. 그리고 관광객의 만족도를 알아보기 위해 퍼지 종합 평가(Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation)를 실시했다. 본 논문의 결과를 요약하면, 첫째, 태산등산로 사인시스템의 4가지 영향요인으로 해설내용, 외관조형, 해설방식, 배치관리를 도출하였다. 둘째, 영향요인의 높은 가중치 순서는 해설내용, 외관조형, 해설방식, 배치관리 순으로 나타났으며, 중요도에서 실용성과 미관을 더 중시한다는 점을 유도해 낼 수 있었다. 셋째, 사인시스템 만족도는 해설내용, 외관조형, 배치관리요인의 등급은 '좋음' 이며, 해설방식요인의 등급은 '보통'으로 나타났다. 이는 태산등산로 자연 경치와 문화 가치에 대한 관광객의 이해를 심화시키지 못한 것으로 생각된다. 이런 결과는 향후 사인시스템을 재정비할 때 계획 및 설계에 필요한 이론적 근거를 제공하여 관광체험의 전반적인 만족도를 높이고자 하는데 의의가 있다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.378-391
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• 2010

이 연구의 목적은 고등학생과 예비 교사의 지구과학 그래프 해석 능력과 인식을 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 지구과학 그래프 해석 능력을 알아보기 위한 9개 그래프 유형의 18문항으로 구성된 1개의 검사지를 개발하였으며, 지구과학 그래프에 대한 인식을 알아보기 위한 2개의 설문지를 각각 개발하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다: 고등학생과 예비교사들은 선 그래프에 대한 해석 능력은 높은 반면, 중복 그래프와 방향성 변화 그래프에 대한 해석 능력은 낮은 것으로 나타나 그래프 해석 능력이 그래프의 유형의 영향을 받는 것으로 분석되었다; 고등학생과 예비교사 모두 학년에 따른 해석 능력에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다; 고등학생에 비해 예비교사가 동일한 주제의 서로 다른 표현 방법의 그래프 차이를 더 잘 인식하는 것으로 나타났다; 다수의 고등학생과 예비교사는 지구과학 그래프가 타 과학 교과와 상당한 차이가 있다고 인식하고 있었으며, 가장 많은 차이가 있는 그래프 유형은 방향성 변화 그래프, 분산 그래프, 등치선도, 영역 그래프인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로 효과적인 그래프 지도 방략에 대한 함의를 논의하였다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.535-558
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• 2022

통계적 소양이 중요한 능력으로 인식되는 현대 사회에서 우리가 접하는 많은 통계의 형태는 결과 자료이므로 통계적 문제해결의 과정 중 결과 해석 단계는 중요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 예비 수학교사들에게 사교육에 관한 데이터를 제공하여 모평균 추정을 활용한 통계적 문제해결 과정을 경험하는 과정을 통해 그들이 결과 해석 단계에서 보인 특징에 대해 분석함으로써 교사교육에서의 통계교육에 대한 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 첫째, 많은 예비 수학교사들이 자료를 기반으로 결과를 해석하였으나 그 추론이 합리적이지 못한 수준을 보였다. 둘째, 본 연구의 많은 예비 수학교사들은 공교육과 관련된 다양한 종류의 의사결정을 하면서 통계 분석 결과를 바탕으로 교육적 의사결정을 했으나 그 내용은 교사로서 할 수 있는 일반적인 의사결정이었다. 마지막으로, 본 연구의 예비 수학교사들은 통계적 문제해결 과정의 세 단계에 대해서는 반성적 사고를 하고 있었으나, 결과 해석 단계에 대한 반성적 사고는 아무도 안 한것으로 나타났다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2002년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.303-307
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• 2002

Although Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) is a very powerful and attractive tool, automatic interpretation of SAR images is extremely difficult because of several reason. Spatially, speckle noise reduction in SAR images is important step to interpret the SAR image at the preprocessing step. The speckle noise in SAR images is modeled to be multiplicative, and therefore, a signal-dependent noise. So, it has deflated many image-denoising algorithms that are based on additive noise model. In this paper, we propose an adaptive wavelet shrinkage method for speckle noise reduction in SAR images by analyzing the high frequency level in detail. We first decompose minutely the high frequency level to analyze the noise level. And then, we determine the weighting threshold value per the level, and layer. Finally, using those weighting threshold, we produce the efficient wavelet shrinkage method. So, this method not only reduces the speckle noise, but also preserves image detail and sharpness.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 1997년도 추계학술대회발표논문집; 홍익대학교, 서울; 1 Nov. 1997
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• pp.101-104
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• 1997

Providing information on corporate level decision making for multiple decision makers in a consistent way is essential in Decision Support Systems. However, since the decision makers have different background and knowledge, the models used by them are also different in representation models. This makes the decision makers require a lot of efforts for model integration in an integrated decision making. The purpose of this paper is to propose an integration mechanism for synthetic use of multi-abstraction level decision making models. The proposed integration mechanism consists of model interpretation phase, model transformation phase and model integration phase. Specifically, the model transformation phase is divided into model tightening mode which gather information to makes a model transformed into upper level model, and model relaxing mode which makes lower level model.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2010

We analyzed and compared the concentration of total cholesterol (CHOL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) in serum and the serum protein electrophoresis fractions of thyroid disease patients. In comparison with the average of reference, our data showed that the average concentration of CHOL, LDL cholesterol and TG in hyperthyroidism patients were decreased significantly, but HDL cholesterol was increased significantly. In hypothyroidism patients, CHOL, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and TG were all increased significantly. In comparison of the concentration of lipids in each patient to reference range, 28.3% of hyperthyroidism patients showed abnormally low level of total cholesterol. In the patients with hypothyroidism, the percentage of patients showed abnormally high level of CHOL, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and TG were 37.7%, 10%, 68.8% and 49.1%, respectively. In our studies of serum protein electrophoresis, the average of ${\alpha}_2$-globulin and $\gamma$-globulin in hyperthyroidism patients were increased and $\beta$-globulin was decreased significantly. In hypothyroidism patients, the average of $\gamma$-globulin was increased and $\beta$-globulin was decreased significantly. In comparison of protein fractions of each patient to reference range, 38.3% and 50.0% of hyperthyroidism patients showed abnormally high levels of ${\alpha}_2$-globulin and $\gamma$-globulin, but 73.3% of patients showed abnormally low level of $\beta$-globulin. In hypothyroidism patients, 70.4% of patients were abnormally decreased in $\beta$-globulin and 63.9% of patients were abnormally increased in $\gamma$-globulin. These data suggest that the concentrations of CHOL, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and TG are not critical data for clinical interpretation of hyperthyroidism, but the levels of them are useful for interpretation of hypothyroidism patients. Our results of serum protein electrophoresis suggest that the concentration of serum protein electrophoresis fractions can be useful to understand the thyroid disease.