• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.187-194
• /
• 2018

Aids to Navigation (AtoN) is a marine traffic safety facility used to facilitate the safe and efficient movement of shipping and enhance the protection of the marine environment by the regulations or guidelines of The International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA). Our country is managing AtoN to provide consistent services for AtoN users, although an average of 141 AtoN accidents occur annually. An AtoN accident forces non-planned work on the managers to resort the function, and causes psychological anxiety for its users, ultimately resulting in economic losses. This study developed the Social Cost evaluation model of AtoN accidents. The model can be used to quantify the manager's economic activities related to the shutdown and recovery, as well as the cost associated with the inconvenience to AtoN users. The Social Cost evaluation model of AtoN accidents is proposed as the sum of the encounter cost, administration cost and risk cost.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.418-428
• /
• 2016

In this study, a Vessel Shore Report Management System (VSRMS) is developed for the International Maritime Organization (IMO), Maritime Service Portfolio (MSP) Number 8, which comprises vessel shore reporting. Several documents have to be completed before the arrival/departure of a vessel at a port, as each national port has its own reporting format and data. The present vessel reporting system is inefficient, time-consuming, and involves excessive paperwork, which results in duplications and errors. To solve this problem, in this study, the vessel reporting formats and data contents of various national ports are investigated, as at present, the reporting documents required by the current IMO standard includes insufficient information which is requested by national ports. Initially, the vessel reporting information of various national ports are collected and analyzed. Subsequently, a database structure for managing vessel reporting data for ports worldwide is devised. To make the transfer of data and the exchange of information of vessel reports much more reliable, efficient, and paper-free, VSRMS, which is a software application for the simplification and facilitation of vessel report formalities, is developed. This application is developed using the latest Microsoft C#.Net Programming Language in the Microsoft Visual Studio framework 4.5. It provides a user interface and a backend MySQL server used for database management. SAP Crystal Reports 2013 is used for designing and generating vessel reports in the original report formats. The VSRMS can facilitate vessel reporting and improve data accuracy through the reduction of input data, efficient data exchange, and reduction of the cost of communication. Adoption of the VSRMS will allow the vessel shore reporting system to be automated, resulting in enhanced work efficiency for shipping companies. Based on this information system and architecture, the consensus of various international organizations, such as the IMO, the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA), the Federation of National Associations of Ship Brokers and Agents (FONASBA), and the Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO), is required so that vessel reporting is standardized internationally.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2021

Logistics movement using ships has been used for many centuries, but maritime accidents are still difficult to predict and they occur on a large scale. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) made it mandatory to install Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) for safe seas, but S-57 standards applied to equipment were not updated over 30 years. In addition, it is difficult to keep the equipment up-to-date and revise standards as ships move around the world. In consideration of the limitations of S-57, the IHO developed the new standard as S-100 rather than an update of the S-57. In this study, the previously developed S-100 tool and S/W were configured as one platform and applied to the S-100 ECDIS. The platform conducts as the S-100 cycle and ecosystem from the creation of standards to release and practical use in ships. The hydrographic information standard is machine-readable as defined in S-100, and it has been validated that the latest standard can be applied using the Plug and Play (PnP) function without software system updates. It is expected that international organization such as the International Hydrographic Office (IHO) and the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) shall develop and release standards and mariners can easily apply the latest standards to equipment through the machine-readable platform.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 2012

In order to improve the existing S-57 standard, International Hydrographic Organization(IHO) has developed S-100 standard, a Universal Hydrographic Data Model(UHDM) expanded from ISO 19100 series standard to hydrographic area, and is in the process of its implementation. International Maritime Organization(IMO) has established CMDS based on e-Navigation strategy data standard as International Association of Lighthouse Authorities(IALA) established IHDM based on aids to navigation data standard and each data standard is linked with the S-100 standard. Fundamental concept and core principles of S-100 standard is suitable not only for the development of a wide range of hydrographic data and service production standard, including the next generation ENC, but also the development of product specification of non-hydrographic area. This study has examined the operation principle of S-100 standard and analyzed its implementation process as e-Navigation data in relation with ENC. It also noted the utilization of S-100 standard based e-Navigation and its potential effect via examining the development cases of S-100 standard-based product specification, such as nautical publication, ship reporting and pilot request, digital routing guide, tide and water level transmission and other important data cases of e-Navigation field.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.220-230
• /
• 2023

Aids to Navigation (AtoN) is an important tool for safe navigation, and the variety of information provided by AtoN is invaluable. The demand for standardized AtoN information for efficient utilization is gradually increasing, and for this purpose, the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) has developed S-201, a standard for the management of AtoN information, and recommends its application to member countries. Notably, since Korea defines AtoNs and manages the information according to the Aids to Navigation Act, the need for definition and information management according to the S-201 standard, an international standard, is even greater. Therefore, in this study, according to the recommendation of IALA, we aimed to suggest a way to manage AtoN information by applying the S-201 standard. To this end, after comparing the classification criteria of the AtoN information of the IALA, and that of Korea's classification standards, Korea's AtoN information management plan applying the S-201 standard was presented. The results of this study provide important basic data for managing standardized digital AtoN information that is easy to use worldwide.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.639-645
• /
• 2017

Application Specific Messages (ASM) have been introduced by a number of international bodies, such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA), for the purpose of resolving AIS overloading issues caused by an increasing number of ships using AIS systems. ASM communication will transmit a large amount of safety-related information at sea, including meteorological information, accident reporting, and navigational warnings. Specifically, this message transaction system is expected to be actively used for communication among ships and for ship-to-shore (4S), where VHF communication through voice was standard. In order to design a user-oriented service through standardised AIS-ASM messaging in the future, the need for analysis of this seems to be quite critical. In order to reflect users' AIS-ASM communication needs, therefore, frequently-occurring marine communication messages were analysed through a questionnaire survey conducted on 57 marine officers and 50 VTS operators. Based on the survey results, a list of key standardised messages was suggested as a reference for future AIS message development.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2016.05a
• /
• pp.20-21
• /
• 2016

Aids to Navigation (AtoN) is marine traffic safety facility to facilitate the safe and efficient movement of shipping and enhance the protection of the marine environment by the regulation or guideline of The International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA). By IALA NAVGUIDE, the term "New Danger" is defined as newly discovered hazards not yet shown in nautical documents and includes naturally occurring obstructions such as sandbanks or rocks or man-made dangers such as wrecks. 'New Dangers' should be appropriately marked using Lateral, Cardinal, Isolated Danger marks or by using the Emergency Wreck Marking Buoy. However, the Emergency Wreck Marking Buoy has difficulties with implementation conditions in terms of speed and accuracy to install the buoy. In case of sinking accidents, it is difficult immediately to install the Emergency Wreck Marking Buoy because of weather conditions, marine environments and accident position. This paper studies Auto Releasing New Danger Mark Buoy on the deck which can be automatically to release from the deck of a vessel and float in the water and quickly install the accident position in case of sinking accidents. The buoy will be to reduce the risk of navigation and prevent secondary collisions.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.8
• /
• pp.1773-1779
• /
• 2015

Shore-to-sea visible light communication using color clustered multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) is presented. The proposed maritime visible light communication (MVLC) offers a low-cost, high-speed wireless link for shore-to-sea maritime communications. Each color cluster is comprised of 50 red, green and blue (RGB) light emitting diodes (LEDs) and is modulated using on-off-keying (OOK). Selection combining is performed at the receiver, producing diversity effect within that color cluster. In this paper, we employ sea states (wave height, wind speed, etc.) data from both Pierson-Moskowitz and JONSWAP spectrum models under atmospheric turbulence conditions. Based on the simulation model, the maritime link quality is analysed in terms of coverage distance and bit error rate performance. The results show that the proposed system provides an efficient MVLC, while satisfying International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) requirements for maritime buoyage system and also offering sufficient illumination from high power LEDs.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.289-295
• /
• 2019

Maritime back-up navigation system in port approach requires a horizontal accuracy of 10 meters in IALA (International Association of Lighthouse Authorities) recommendations. eLoran which is a best back-up navigation system that satisfies accuracy requirement has poor navigation performance depending signal environments. Especially, noise caused by multipath and electronic devices around eLoran antenna affects navigation performance. In this paper, Ship based Navigation Back-up system using UAV on Interference is designed to satisfy horizontal accuracy requirement. To improve the eLoran signal environment, UAVs are equipped with camera, IMU sensor and eLoran antenna and receivers. This proposed system is designed to receive eLoran signal through UAV-based receiver and control UAV's position and attitude within Landmark around area. The ship-based positioning using eLoran signal, vision and attitude information received from UAV satisfy resilient and robust navigation requirements.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.26-32
• /
• 2021

In ocean field, the spread of the Fourth Industrial Revolution based on information and communication technology requires high precision and stable PNT&D (Position, Navigation, Timing and Data). As the IMO (International Maritime Organization) and IALA (The International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities) are requiring backup systems due to mitigate vulnerabilities and the increase of dependency on GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), Korea is conducting a research & development of R-Mode. An DGPS (Differentiate Global Positioning System) reference station that uses MF, an existing maritime infrastructure, and AIS (Automatic Identification System) base stations that use 34 integrity station and VHF will be utilized in this study to avoid redundant investment. Because there are radio shadow areas that display low signal levels in the west sea, the establishment of new R-Mode reference and integrity station will be intended to resolve problems regrading the radio shadow area. Because the frequency has a characteristic in that radio wave transmits well along the ground (water surface) in low frequency band, simulation and measurement were conducted therefore this paper to propose candidate sites for R-Mode reference and integrity station resulted through p wave's propagation characteristics analysis. Using this paper, R-Mode reference and integrity station can be established at appropriate locations to resolve radio shadow areas in other regions.