• Title/Summary/Keyword: International Agricultural Research Institute

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Adsorption and Leaching Characteristics of Ionic Pesticides in the Soils of Jeju Island, Korea (제주도 토양 중 이온계 농약의 흡착 및 용탈 특성)

  • Chun, Si-Bum;Hyun, Ik-Hyun;Kam, Sang-Kyu
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.28 no.8
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    • pp.689-700
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    • 2019
  • The adsorption and leaching characteristics of five ionic pesticides including four acidic pesticides (2,4-D, dicamba, MCPA, and MCPP) and one amphoteric pesticide (imazaquin) in agricultural soils were investigated. Soils around spring waters that were heavily affected by pesticide run-off and soils around wells considering the regional characteristics in Jeju Island were collected at 24 stations. The Freundlich constant, $K_F$ value, which is a measure of the adsorption capacity, decreased in the order of 2,4-D > MCPA > MCPP > dicamba > imazaquin. The adsorption capacity of these ionic pesticides decreased with increasing pH owing to the effects of ionization of pesticides and different ionizable functional groups of soils. The leaching of ionic pesticides in the soil column showed a reverse relationship with their adsorption in soils, namely, the ionic pesticides were leached more quickly for the pesticides with lower adsorption capacity. The groundwater contamination potential of the ionic pesticides was evaluated in the order of imazaquin > MCPA > MCPP > dicamba > 2.4-D according to the groundwater ubiquity score based on soil Koc and the half-life of the pesticide.

A Study on the Development of the Design of Industrial Animal Biodegradation Handler for Environmentally Friendly Use

  • Kim, Gokmi
    • International journal of advanced smart convergence
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.151-157
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    • 2021
  • Livestock farmers are using animal carcasses to dispose of the carcasses of livestock that have died of natural causes or disease. Most of the existing livestock carcass processors are mechanical in their structure without considering the environment. It has a function of sterilizing dead bodies at high pressure after processing them and causes environmental problems such as carbon monoxide emissions. If livestock carcasses occur, livestock farmers have to purchase their own livestock carcasses or entrust them to the outside world, which is costly. For this reason, the possibility of environmental pollution, infectious diseases, and spread has been increased recently by frequent dumping of dead bodies. The carcass of livestock mixed with manure not only serves as a medium for infectious diseases but also needsto be buried on a large scale as foot-and-mouth disease and avian influenza spread. As a result, the possibility of environmental pollution, such as contamination of groundwater, is increasing, so research is needed to protect and improve the environment. We aim to improve the process of processing livestock carcasses and purify the agricultural environment through development results on the form, structure and function of eco-friendly livestock carcasses. Its shape is applied with naturalshapessuch asstones and seeds. The material used in the dead body processis a brown beggar biocouple and is applied with an eco-friendly industrial animal recycling process. As a result of the study, it is expected to improve odors and the environment, and to be used as data to improve and help the livestock industry in the future.

A study of Strawberry Maturity Classification Using Improved Faster R-CNN

  • Taewook Kim;Heejun Youn;Seunghyun Lee;Soonchul Kwon
    • International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.133-140
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    • 2024
  • In strawberry cultivation, maturity classification plays an important role in ensuring the efficiency and quality of harvesting. In this study, we propose an Improved Faster R-CNN model to address these challenges, using MobileNetV3-Large as the backbone network to achieve a lightweight model, and introducing RoI Align to improve the spatial accuracy of the feature map. Experiments are conducted using the KGCV_Strawberry dataset, with precision, recall, F1 score, and mean average precision (mAP) measured for performance evaluation. The experimental results show that the proposed model achieves an average precision of 71.35%, recall of 71.07%, and F1 score of 71.21% across all classes. In particular, the proposed model achieves 63% performance on mAP0.5 and 58% performance on mAP0.5:0.95, which is comparable to existing ResNet-based models while achieving faster inference speed. The proposed model achieves a processing speed of 27.6543 ms, which is about 2 ms faster than existing ResNet-based models. This indicates that the goal of creating a lightweight model with improved image processing capability was achieved with minimal performance degradation. This research is expected to contribute to the development of automated strawberry cultivation systems in greenhouse environments and has the potential to be applied to various agricultural environments in the future.

SOOT YIELD OF TURBULENT PREMIXED PROPANE-OXYGEN-INERT GAS FLAMES IN A CONSTANT-VOLUME COMBUSTOR AT HIGH PRESSURES

  • Bae, M.W.;Bae, C.W.;Lee, S.K.;Ahn, S.W.
    • International Journal of Automotive Technology
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.391-397
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    • 2006
  • The soot yield has been studied by a premixed propane-oxygen-inert gas combustion in a specially designed disk-type constant-volume combustion chamber to investigate the effect of pressure, temperature and turbulence on soot formation. Premixtures are simultaneously ignited by eight spark plugs located on the circumference of chamber at 45 degrees intervals in order to observe the soot formation under high temperature and high pressure. The eight converged flames compress the end gases to a high pressure. The laser schlieren and direct flame photographs with observation area of 10 mm in diameter are taken to examine the behaviors of flame front and gas flow in laminar and turbulent combustion. The soot volume fraction in the chamber center during the final stage of combustion at the highest pressure is measured by the in-situ laser extinction technique and simultaneously the corresponding burnt gas temperature by the two-color pyrometry method. The changes of pressure and temperature during soot formation are controlled by varying the initial charging pressure and the volume fraction of inert gas compositions, respectively. It is found that the soot yield increases with dropping the temperature and raising the pressure at a constant equivalence ratio, and the soot yield in turbulent combustion decreases as compared with that in laminar combustion because the burnt gas temperature increases with the drop of heat loss for laminar combustion.

Floristic Study of Tamjin River Estuary in Gangjin-gun, Korea (탐진강 하구역 일대(강진군)의 관속식물상)

  • Jang, Hyun-Do;Leem, Hyosun;Han, Seahee;Oh, Ami;Oh, Byoung-Un;Yang, Sungyu
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.29 no.6
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    • pp.579-603
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    • 2020
  • In order to provide fundamental information about the floristic composition of the area along with an assessment of the environmental impact, a floristic study of the vascular plants in the Tamjin River estuary in Gangjin-gun was conducted for a total of nine days, in the period from June 2014 to September 2014. We found that the vascular plants in this region comprised 424 taxa belong to 102 families, 281 genera, 390 species, 5 subspecies, 26 varieties, and 3 forma. Five taxa of Korean endemic plants including Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey, Lespedeza maximowiczii var. tricolor (Nakai) Nakai, and Clematis trichotoma Nakai were collected. Two least concern (LC) taxa of rare plants (as designated by the Korea Forest Service) were collected: Hydrocharis dubia (Blume) Backer and Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco. Ten the floristic regional indicator taxa from the third to the fifth grade were identified: two taxa belonged to grade IV, and eight taxa belonged to grade III. Twenty-four taxa of salt-tolerant plants, including Artemisia fukudo Makino, Carex rugulosa Kuk., and Suaeda glauca (Bunge) Bunge, as well as 44 taxa of aquatic plants, including Najas marina L., Nuphar oguraensis Miki, and Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze, were investigated in this region. Fifty-nine taxa of naturalized plants were recorded, among which the following six taxa were plants that caused ecosystem disturbance: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr., Lactuca scariola L., Rumex acetosella L., Solidago altissima L., and Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom.

The Effect of Consumers' Factors of Food Choices on Replacing Soft Drinks with Carbonated Water (탄산음료와 탄산수의 대체관계에 영향을 미치는 식품선택요인 연구)

  • Park, Seoyoung;Lee, Dongmin;Jeong, Jaeseok;Moon, Junghoon
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.300-308
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    • 2019
  • Objectives: This research was conducted to identify the consumers' food choice factors that affect the consumers' replacement of soft drinks with carbonated water. Methods: The present study used secondary data from a consumer panel survey conducted by the Rural Development Administration of Korea, and the data included the panel members' purchase records based on their monthly spending receipts. The survey asked the participants about their food choice factors and their personal responsibility for their health. This survey included independent variables for the consumers' food purchase factors. As a dependent variable, two types of groups were defined. The replacement group included those people who increased their purchase of carbonated water and decreased their purchase of soft drinks. The non-replacement group included those people who did not change their purchase patterns or they increased their purchase of soft drinks and they decreased their purchase of carbonated water. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the consumers' food choice factors that were associated with replacing soft drinks with carbonated water. Results: The replacement group was significantly associated with (1) a younger age (OR=0.953), (2) being a housewife (OR=2.03), (3) higher income (OR=1.001) and (4) less concern about price (OR=0.819) when purchasing food. This group also showed (5) higher enjoyment (OR=1.328) when choosing food and (6) they took greater responsibly for their personal health (OR=1.233). Conclusions: This research is the first study to mainly focus on soft drinks and carbonated water. The result of this research showed that young, health-conscious consumers with a higher income and who are more interested in food have more possibilities to replace soft drinks with carbonated water. These research findings may be applied to consumers who have characteristics that are similar to the young health-conscious consumers and the results can help to suggest ways to reduce sugar intake and improve public health. However, this research has a limitation due to the application of secondary data. Therefore, a future study is needed to develop detailed survey questions about food choice factors and to extend these factors to all beverages, including soft drinks made with sugar substitutes, so as to reflect the growth of alternative industries that use artificial sweeteners or different types of sugar to make commercially available drinks.

Analysis of Utilization and Maintenance of Major Agricultural machinery (Tractor, Combine Harvester and Rice Transplanter) (핵심 농기계(트랙터, 콤바인 및 이앙기) 이용 및 수리실태 분석)

  • Hong, Sungha;Choi, Kyu-hong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.292-299
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    • 2018
  • In a survey in which farmers were asked about their levels of satisfaction with agricultural machines, Japanese products scored higher than local products by 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4 times for tractors, combine harvesters, and rice transplanter, respectively. Japanese products corresponded to generally high satisfaction levels in terms of operating performance, operability, frequency of breakdowns, and durability, excluding sales price and after-sales services. Effective countermeasures through quality improvement are therefore necessary for Korean products. Furthermore, a survey of dealers showed that the components and consumables for core agricultural machines had high frequencies of breakdowns and repairs. Four major components of tractors represented 85.3% of all breakdowns and repairs, five components of combine harvesters represented 89.6%, and three components of rice transplanters represented 80.5%. Moreover, a comparison of the technological levels between local and imported machines showed that the local machines' levels were at 60-100% for tractors, 70-100% for combine harvesters, and 70-95% for rice transplanters. Small and mid-sized tractors, 4 interrow combine harvesters, and 6 interrow rice transplanters showed similar levels of technology. The results of the analysis suggest that action is urgently needed at a policy level to establish an agricultural machinery component research center for the development, production, and supply of commonly-used components, with the participation of manufacturers of agricultural machines and components, in order to enhance the competitiveness of local manufacturers and to revitalize the agricultural machine market.

Gamma-ray Irradiation on Radio Sensitivity in Yacon (Samallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. & Endl.) H. Robinson) Breeding (돌연변이 육종을 위한 야콘의 최적 감마선 조사량)

  • Su Jeong Kim;Hwang Bae Sohn;Yul Ho Kim;Jung Hwan Nam;Jong Nam Lee;Dong Chil Chang;Jong Taek Suh
    • Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2021.04a
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    • pp.27-27
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    • 2021
  • Yacon [Samallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. & Endl.) H. Robinson], a member of Compositae plants, has sweet taste and crisp texture. Unlike other Andean root crops such as potato and sweet potato, the cultivation area of yacon has increased recently, since it is known to have large content of fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Since there are no yacon varieties bred in Korea, we have been trying to create new genetic resources using gamma-ray. The optimal gamma-ray dosage for mutation breeding in yacon was investigated. Crown bud and green bud of yacon were exposed to doses of gamma rays from 20 Gy to 80 Gy, and subsequently planted in a greenhouse. After 50 days of sowing, the survival rates and growth decreased rapidly at doses above 40 Gy, while all of crown bud individuals died above 60 Gy. The median lethal dose (LD50) of crown bud and green bud was 22.4 and 36.6 Gy, and the median reduction doses (RD50) for plant height, fresh weights, and tuberous root weight were 20-40 Gy, respectively. A dose of 20-40 Gy was found to be optimal for mutation breeding in yacon. Considering the growth factors, the optimum doses were determined to be within the range of 20-40 Gy for the selection of useful mutant lines. M2-M3 mutant lines were obtained from 20-60 Gy gamma-ray-irradiated M1 plants through clonal propagation. These mutant lines will be used for the development of a new variety of yacon plant with high FOS and no crack tuberous root.

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The Study on the Flora and Vegetation of Salt Marshes of Dongjin-river Estuary in Jeonbuk (전북 동진강 하구역 일대의 염습지 식물상 및 식생에 관한 연구)

  • Kim Chang-Hwan;Lee Kyeong-Bo;Kim Jae-Duk;Cho Tae-Dong;Kim Mun-Suk
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.14 no.9
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    • pp.817-825
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to research about salt marsh flora and vegetation in the Dongjin-river estuary area where has a project for Sea Man Geum Reclaimed Land so that we can foster foundation on restoration of an ecological habitat, development of applicable plant and establishment of a conservation policy after deceloping the reclaimed land for salt marsh vegetation which has great value ecologically. In conclusion, we was distributed that there are 7 families 21 genera, 25 species, 2 varieties of vascular plant at the Dongjin-river estuary area which have 27 taxa in total and are $0.64\%$ among 4,191 of korean vascular plant. There are also 2 family, 2 genus, 2 species of a naturalized plant which are $1.1\%$ of indicator of a naturalized plant salt marsh vegetation of the downstream are very much affected by the time of inundation, tidal water so that a low degree of salt marsh has frequent flooding by sea water and has a pure group of Suaeda japonica. A Phragmites communis, Carex scabrifolia are distributed mainly around a waterway of salt marsh and Zoysia sinica, Atriplex subcordata, Phragmites communis are living in stock as forming into patch around medium salt marsh. Suaeda asparagoides, Phacelurus latifolius are living around a little high ground and a Phragmites communis is a behind vegetation of Phacelurus latifolius and a part of the Phragmites communis are living along with waterway in a salt marsh as a community. By the 2-M method twelve plant communities were recognized ; Suaeda japonica. Carex scabrifolia, Zoysia sinica, Artemisia scoparia, Phacelurus latifolius, Phragmites communis, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda japonica-Atriplex gmelini, Phragmites communis-Suaeda japonica, Suaeda japonica-Salicornia herbacea, Salicornia herbacea-Suaeda aspar-agoides and Scirpus planiculmis community. The actual vegetation map was constructed on the grounds of the communities classified and other data.

Meta-analysis of Studies and Patents on Korean ginseng in Recent 5 Years in Korea and Prospective Needs (국내 인삼 연구 현황 및 미래 수요 예측; 최근 5년간 농학.식품학 및 약리학을 중심으로)

  • Park, Soo-Jin;Cho, Yang-Jin;Pyee, Jae-Ho;Hong, Hee-Do
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.212-219
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    • 2006
  • Research literatures (e.g. research report, scientific paper and thesis, published between 2001 and 2005) of 332 collected from KISTI, KISS, ARPC databases were investigated and analyzed to give an overview of domestic ginseng researches. Most of recent ginseng researches have been performed by private nonprofit institutions and individuals, which suggests that a role of public institution fur ginseng researches needed to be enlarged. In terms of research fields, cultivation and agricultural researches have been mainly accomplished in ginseng research. Cell physiology and reproductive function researches occupied large part of pharmacological studies, but clinical studies were relatively limited. Studies on general food products development have taken the main part in fields of food products including functional foods. As the result of analysis of 312 domestic ginseng patents by classifications of world international property organization (WIPO), it was categorized into food technology, medicinal fermentation development technology, fermentation technology, and agriculture-fisheries technology. This integrated overview of the widely scattered ginseng literatures shows current general research trends in Korea and will be able to suggest further needs on cultivation, studies and industralization of ginseng.