• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.79-101
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was validate the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scale-2(PKBS-2) and develop the Korean version PKBS-2(K-PKBS-2) through the phases of concept and statistical review. For this purpose, this study conducted PKBS-2 for teachers with 1,119 young children in Jeonbuk province. During the factor structure review, according to the results of exploratory factor analysis, 30 items and 4 factors(social interaction, social cooperation, social compliance, and social independence) in social skills scale and 40 items and 4 sub-factors of 3 factors(internalizing behavior, externalizing behavior, and interpersonal emotional behavior) in problem behavior scale were extracted. In addition, confirmatory factor analysis, the model fits of social skills and problem behavior scales were higher than the original test and very high reliability and internal consistency were produced. During external factor review, convergent validity and discriminant validity were verified. After cultural specificity and cultural universality between PKBS-2 and K-PKBS-2 were discussed, K-PKBS-2 was presented as e scale which is very useful for the screening, prevention, and intervention program plan of challenging behavior behaviors in young children in Korea.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.662-668
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• 2013

In this paper, possibility of controlling motion of a floating structure using a tuned liquid damper (TLD) is numerically investigated. A TLD is a tank partially filled with liquid. Sloshing motion of liquid inside a tank is known to suppress movement of the tank subject to external excitations at specific frequency. The effects of sloshing phenomena inside a rectangular floating body on its surge motion are investigated by varying external excitation frequency. First, a grid-refinement study is carried out to ensure validity of grid independent numerical solutions using present numerical techniques. Then, surge motion of the floating body subjected to external wave is simulated for five different excitation frequencies of which the center frequency equals to the natural frequency of internal liquid sloshing. The normalized amplitudes of surge motion of the target floating body are compared according to the excitation frequency, for the cases with and without water inside the floating body. It is shown that the motion of the floating body can be minimized by matching the sloshing natural frequency to the excitation frequency.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.61-85
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• 2012

The OSPG(Observation Scale for Parents of the Gifted in Korean Traditional and Western Music) is one of the tools for screening of the Gifted in Korean traditional and Western music. So the validity and reliability of the OSPG has an influence on securing validity of the whole identification process. The purpose of this study is to examine the validity and reliability of the OSPG-2 that input screening processing, and to suggest systematization of identification processing for the Gifted in Korean traditional and Western Music. For the achievement of this purpose, this study administered the OSPG-2 to 261 gifted students aged between 13 and 16 in the middle or high school for the arts. To validate the OSPG-2, I analyzed items of the OSPG-2, and conducted the exploratory and confirmative factor analysis. I also examined the internal consistency. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, I collected 40 items of the OSPG-2 finally. Furthermore, I could identify psychological construct of the Gifted in Korean traditional and Western Music. The consequence of confirmative factor analysis, the model provided good fit to observed data. As a result of reliability analysis, the internal consistency of the internal characteristic verified Cronbach's ${\alpha}$=.939, and the internal consistency of the external environmental characteristic verified Cronbach's ${\alpha}$=.887. This result of validity study reflects the fact that the OSPG-2 is a valid scale and is able to input to gifted educational field instantly.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

This study is a leading case of empirical analysis of whether, when corporate stakeholders (government, investors, customers, managers, employees) put pressure on companies for ESG management, it affects the introduction and implementation of ESG activities (environmental, social, governance) and affects business performance. As for the research method, a sustainability report was published, and a web survey of Korea Research Inc. was conducted from May 10 to May 20, 2022 targeting ESG management managers of 192 companies, and analyzed through the PLS structural equation model. As a result of the study, it was found that the introduction and execution of ESG is closely influenced by the pressure from the government, investors, managers, and employees, and in particular, the internal pressure of current managers and executives and employees has a great impact on the introduction and implementation of environmental, social, and governance activities. In particular, although external pressure also has some influence, it is practical to suggest that strong internal pressure is necessary for continuous activities and performance. And, methodologically, the main activity indicators of the GRI Reporting Guidelines, which are the most representative ESG management indicators, were developed as a questionnaire, and reliability, validity, and model fit were secured through comparison with indicators of multiple systems and expert reviews. The limitations of this study are that more in-depth analysis by industry or size is possible when ESG management is mature and sufficient samples are secured, and complex ESG pressure factor modeling is possible when more diverse stakeholders are added.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.101-120
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• 2021

Purpose - As the research of Chinese unicorn companies is still in early stages, this paper aims to investigate the factors that influence the success of Chinese IT unicorns. Design/methodology/approach - This study is conducted as a single case study and used various sources such as interviews, internal data, press releases, IR data, etc. to enhance the reliability and validity. Findings - First, the characteristics of the start-up team, social capital, and strategies as internal factors affect the success of unicorns. Among them, the more Guanxi in social capital factors, the greater the possibility of growing into an IT unicorn company. Second, the role of venture capital and geographical location have been identified that two factors affect the success of unicorns. In the role of venture capital, it has been confirmed that the world's top-level venture capital company or a company that has been invested by "BATJ" is more likely to grow into a unicorn company in China. Research implications or Originality - This paper distinguishes between internal and external factors to explain the factors that affect the growth of unicorn companies, which lays the foundation for future research, such as the exploration of the unicorns and the development of new variables.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1-27
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to develop the evaluation indicator for the health promotion programs of the Community Health Centers and to test its validity. The modified logic model was used as the evaluation model based on the literature reviews. Using this model, four dimensions, eleven sub­dimensions, and forty­one individual indicators were developed. These evaluation indicators are superior in reflecting the distinctiveness of the community health promotion programs, and also flexible enough to accommodate diverse programs. These indicators also emphasize the role of process evaluation, and the diversity of outcomes. To test content validity, survey method of experts in the community health promotion field was conducted. Eleven in three expert groups(professionals, practitioners in Community Health Centers, and policy makers) generally agreed with the validity of evaluation indicators. To examine criteria and construct validity, these indicators were used to evaluate the health promotion programs conducted by the 18 Key Community Health Centers. The data came from the interview surveys of the main health promotion practitioner and 30 visitors from each center. The ranks of these eighteen Community Health Centers were computed from these data. There was no significant difference in ranking either by these indicators or by the existing indicators, which was developed by Technical Support and Evaluation Team for criteria validity. There was no statistically significant difference in ranking between input, process and outcome dimensions. Based on these study results, evaluation indicators developed in this study are valid to evaluate Community Health Center's health promotion program. It can be used both by the Community Health Center for internal evaluation, and by the stakeholders for external evaluation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Information Management Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.23-65
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• 2002

This study is to consider varying factors of internal/external informational and operational environments in libraries, and develop a new evaluation indicators for university libraries in digital environments. In order to do this research, the previous works have been investigated, and the Delphi study and our own analysis have been performed. The main research results are as follows. First, the results through the Delphi method that was to adopted to verify evaluation items and indicators determined by the literature review show that the repressed values for each evaluation category is greater than 3.00. overall average is 4.02. and standard deviation is ranged from 0.40 to 0.62 for each category. This means that the evaluation indicators are valid. Second, the factor analysis was performed to verify the construct validity of evaluation indicators. As a result. the cumulative variance of evaluation indicators consisting of 11 dimensions per factor is 72.733%. In turn, this result shows that the validity of these indicators is very reliable. Third, t-test and one way ANOVA are performed within significance probability 0.05 in order to verify differences in each librarians point of views for the degree of importance in evaluation indicators. The results show that these evaluation indicators are verified to be appropriate since there is no significant difference. Based on the Delphi study and our own analysis. we developed a new evaluation indicators that consists of 7 evaluation categories, 35 evaluation items, and 92 evaluation indicators.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.464-477
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• 2011

Purposes: The purpose of this study was to identify recent trends of experimental research by analyzing doctoral dissertations in all colleges of nursing in Korea. Methods: The areas of research, the content, methodological and intervention characteristics used in this study were explored in experimental research on doctoral dissertations (n=132) published from 2006 to 2010. Results: In the issues of research, practice/clinical issues were most frequently used. As to outcome measurement, physiological variables increased more than psychological/emotional variables. Most theory applied in the research was taken from other disciplines, and nursing theory was only Roy's adaptation theory. A large majority of the research was quasi-experimental designs and the number of true-experimental designs was very low. In more than half of the dissertations, internal validity was not described, and the described external validity rate was very low. There were more single intervention programs than bundle ones and education/exercise programs were most frequently used as the source of intervention. Conclusion: Doctoral dissertations need to increase and encourage more high quality experimental research to expand nursing knowledge and to develop evidence based nursing practice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.823-827
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• 2016

Determination of the colorectal cancer stage is possible only after surgery based on pathology results. However, sometimes this may prove impossible. The aim of the present study was to determine colorectal cancer stage using three clustering methods based on preoperative clinical findings. All patients referred to the Colorectal Research Center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences for colorectal cancer surgery during 2006 to 2014 were enrolled in the study. Accordingly, 117 cases participated. Three clustering algorithms were utilized including k-means, hierarchical and fuzzy c-means clustering methods. External validity measures such as sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were used for evaluation of the methods. The results revealed maximum accuracy and sensitivity values for the hierarchical and a maximum specificity value for the fuzzy c-means clustering methods. Furthermore, according to the internal validity measures for the present data set, the optimal number of clusters was two (silhouette coefficient) and the fuzzy c-means algorithm was more appropriate than the k-means clustering approach by increasing the number of clusters.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.27-60
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• 2022

Previous studies stated that low carbon innovation performance could be influenced by government regulations and the green market, which is the new trend of consumer consumption in the present time, mainly focusing on external factors. Before study augured that low carbon innovation performance could be driven by internal and external factors of cooperation such as institutional pressure, stakeholder pressure, and innovation resources. However, the study of green transformational leadership and organizational environmental culture on low carbon innovation performance is rare, especially in Chinese manufacturing, as well as the effect of influencing factors of TPB model: environmental attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior capability on low carbon innovation performance. Previous studies mostly used the TPB model for predicting individual behavior. This study established a theoretical model combining the TPB model with green transformational leadership and organizational environmental culture of Chinese automobile manufacturing on low carbon innovation performance. This study consists of two sections of research methodology: section 1 related to questionnaire design and data collection. We established a questionnaire and distributed it online, targeting responses from the managerial level working in Chinese automobile manufacturing. Eventually, 155 valid questionnaires were used for analysis. Section 2 involved data analysis using statistical software. Reliability and data validity was examined by reliability analysis and factor analysis. Correlations and convergent validity analyses were applied, and structural equation modeling was conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings indicated that green transformational leadership, organizational environmental culture, and essential factors of TPB model; environmental attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavior capability positively affect low carbon innovation performance. In addition, the indirect effect of green transformational leadership was tested and found that organizational environmental culture and TPB factors mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and low carbon innovation performance.