• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.129-139
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• 2010

Purpose: A new scale was developed to measure personal power and ability for health care and promotion including health determinants. Method: Research phases designed for this study were a literature review, scale development, discussion with experts, pre-test for content validity, and survey for construct validity and reliability. The scale was composed of 20 items on 4 point Likert scale and was tested on middle aged Korean-Americans (110) and Koreans (105) living in a community. Result: As the result of factor analysis, 7 dimensions were identified that were similar yet different from the original dimensions. They included health literacy, socialbelonging and gender role, self-perception, health policy participation, socio-cultural interpersonal relationships, spiritual comfort, and socioeconomic involvement. The total variances explained 59.73%. The reliability was .736 of Cronbach's alpha. The mean PPHC was not different in age, gender, economic status and disease presence, but significantly different in country where living, religion, education level, job presence, and emigration period. The increased power group perceived more wellbeing and less depression, high internal locus of control and increased power with others. In addition, they had a greater health promotion lifestyle profile. Conclusion: This scale was statistically reliable and valid to measure personal power of health care.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.157-204
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• 2015

This paper explores firm-specific internal and external determinants of the sustainability of "the social innovative enterprise(SIE)" by conducting a case research on Fragrant People Co. In doing so, some business and policy implications have been produced concerning the components and determinants of the sustainability of the SIE. First, entrepreneurship is a necessary factor for the survival and growth of the SIE. A social entrepreneur does manage effectively social and economic opportunities for making economic and social values interact dynamically beyond their trade-off relationship and creating new market chances. Second, the SIE also needs competitive advantages as commercial enterprises do. Valuable resources to be used for taking opportunities and avoiding threats, rare resources not to be possessed by other firms, and resources not to be easily imitated by competitors are extremely necessary for achieving objectives of the SIE. In addition, a firm must be well organized for those valuable, rare, and not easily imitated resources. Economic performance achieved by the SIE gives a birth to its financial independence, contributing to the realization of symmetric social performance. Third, the SIEs will be allowed to seek symmetrically economic and social performance only when they use sufficiently competitive advantage resources with entrepreneurship, which is composed of innovativeness, proactiveness, agility and risk-taking attitudes. In doing so, financial assistance from central or local governments may not ensure the sustainability of the SIEs. In addition, vision & value sharing(person-organization fit) can ensure the sustainability of the SIEs only when it is connected with the organizational commitment.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.41-53
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• 2024

The Korean government's SME policy has shifted from the traditional focus of protecting SMEs against large business groups to foster innovative SMEs by upgrading their innovation base. From the government's policy perspective, innovative SMEs are defined as SMEs that can secure technological competitiveness or have the potential for future growth through technological innovation activities. Based on the resource-based theory and resource dependence theory, this study aims to explain whether both R&D capabilities of innovative SMEs and the acquisition of venture certification have a significant impact on enhancing global technological competitiveness. According to the resource-based theory, differences in a firm's tangible and intangible resources and R&D capabilities determine its innovation activities and performance. On the other hand, the resource dependence theory argues that government certification programs to support SMEs positively affect SMEs' innovation activities and performance by increasing their access to the external resources needed for innovation. Going a step further, this study examines the moderating effect of the product life cycle. As a moderating variable, the product life cycle is expected to have an opposite effect on the internal and external resource utilization. The results based on the SME Technology Statistics(2020) support the direct effect of both R&D capability and venture certification on global technological competitiveness and the differential moderating effect of product life cycle. The finding that the technological competitiveness effect of internal resource utilization is greater for longer product life cycles, while the technological competitiveness effect of external resource utilization is greater for shorter product life cycles suggests that product life cycle should be considered as an important contextual variable when studying the relationship between R&D, technological innovation, and performance. These results also suggest that in a global competitive environment where product life cycles are dramatically shortening, innovative SMEs that suffer the dual liabilities of newness and smallness should focus not only on strengthening internal R&D capabilities but also on strategically securing external resources.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.113-128
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• 2012

By strengthening the market control and expanding the networks, providers of global logistics are expanding their service scope. Warehouses connects networks to between internal and external warehouses worldwide by using employees. The paper focuses on analyzing the efficiency of the top forty Global Logistics Providers. Therefore, the study classifies the factors which specify the efficiency of a total logistics industry and verified its firmness. Furthermore, the most recent published reports by Logistics Quarterly and Armstrong Association in 2012 was used in order to guarantee credibility of the study. For scope period for analysis, this study utilizes three years of materials, from 2007 to 2010. By applying the DEA Window model and Malmquist, the trend in efficiency and stableness was analyzed. Consequently, the main purpose of the paper is evaluating the efficiency. Also, analyzing its determinants and illustrating a long-term relationship between the annual turnover and the number of Industry Focus/Key Customers was used as output measures. In addition, the number of warehouses worldwide and employees worldwide, of Logistics Providers were used as input measures.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.855-861
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• 2011

With the rapid growth and development of the Korean Shipping Industry both in external quantum and internal complexity, the marine insurance industry has accordingly expanded with it. This empirical study analyzes the quality factors of the Insurance and P&I Services using 5 factors of quality measures with 22 questions regarding the effect on customer satisfaction by the services offered by the P&I Clubs. The Study is expected to provide P&I Clubs with management tactics for customer satisfaction and the subsequent continued patronage supported by their members through the enhancement of the service quality. This study also provides direction for ship-owners and the members of the P&I Clubs in finding the most efficient service provider as well as in proposing competitive prices of the P&I insurance premium as their management tactic.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.35-43
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• 2016

Internal and external environment changes surrounding our society are pressing our government to solve a lot of difficult problems. These problems are more likely to be solved by a number of ministries and agencies, rather than a single ministry or agency. Thus collaboration is a necessary strategy to increase government's problem-solving skills. This study examines determinants of successful collaboration by analysing cases of local governments that solved uneasy problems covering many ministries after persistent efforts which have been controversial issues in our society. First, theoretical approach for collaboration and its matrix is examined. Second, interviews of government officers are analyzed to study collaboration cases. Finally, Strategic points of view are discussed to promote collaboration within government sectors. The results show that common goal sharing, incentives and supporting systems play important roles in inducing collaboration.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.13-38
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• 2006

This study is concerned with the factors that influence the radicalness of new product development by firms. The innovativeness of firms' new product development differs in their frequency and radicalness. Based on previous research on product innovations, this study provides a hypothetical model that links firms' internal variables and external relations variables to the radicalness of product innovation, which in turn is linked to marketing performance. For an empirical analysis, the data were collected from South Korean firms. The result of this study provides evidence that the stronger is firms' management attitude toward risk taking, marketing competency, and technical competency, the higher is the possibility of radical product innovation. It also shows that, contrarily to the hypothesis, firms with collective reward system rather than individual reward system are more likely to develop radically new products. This study also shows that the better are firms' R & D collaboration with suppliers and interfaces with customers, the higher is the possibility of radical product innovation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.154-164
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• 2016

This study analyzed the determinants of the turnover intention of emotion workers and recent social issues. In particular, this study examined whether the factors that determine the turnover intention affect the quality of service. The job characteristics of emotion workers were set up as an independent variable, and the job environment, organizational culture, such as emotional labor and how it affects the workers' behavior were investigated. How the independent variables influence the turnover of workers was investigated to mediate the emotional job satisfaction. The subjects were primarily targeted by the emotions of the workers engaged in large service accommodation, Kangwon. Among the environmental factors, the job characteristics and job duties are diverse factors and internal and external factors that can affect the compensation turnover intentions. Organizational culture as a factor was the human resources culture, open culture systems, and the hierarchical cultural factors affecting turnover intention. Among the emotional labor practices that also affects the surface of conduct, sincere acts influence the turnover intention. In addition, a one hypothesis testing job satisfaction was mediated by several factors with an impact, such as job diversity. Future empirical research should examined whether temporary full-time is an independent variable factor that can achieve a more fruitful conclusion.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.184-188
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• 2000

HMG-CoA reductase is th rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis. As intracellular levels of cholesterol should be regulated elaborately in response to external stimuli an internal needs, the expression of the HMG-CoA reductase gene is regulated intricately at several different levels from transcription to post-translational modification. In this study, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of HMG-CoA reductase gene expression at the post-transcriptional/pre-translational levels in a baby hamster kidney cell line, C100. when 25-hydroxycholesterol was added to cells cultured in medium containing 5% delipidized fetal bovine serum and 25$\mu$M lovastatin, the levels of HMG-CoA reductase mRNA decreased rapidly, which seemed to be due to the increased degradation of reductase mRNA. These suppressive effects of 25-hydroxycholesterol on MG-CoA reductase mRNA levels were blocked by a translation inhibitor, cycloheximide. Similarly, actinomycin D and 5,6-dichloro-1-$\beta$-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, transcription inhibitors, blocked the 25-hydroxycholesterol-mediated degradation of HMG-CoA reductase mRNA. These results indicate that new protein/RNA synthesis is required for the degradation of HMG-CoA reductase mRNA. In addition, data from the transfection experiments shows that cis-acting determinants, regulating the stability of reductase mRNA, were scattered in the sequence corresponding to 1766-4313 based on the sequence of Syrian hamster HMG-CoA reductase cDNA. Our data suggests that sterol-mediated destabilization of reductase mRNA might be one of the important regulatory mechanism of HMG-CoA reductase gene expression.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.213-220
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• 2013

This research paper examined to the influencing factors to adopt national policies of international organization's environment. For this a multivariate regression model has been used to examine cross-national differences in environmental policy adoption. The data analysis was conducted by regression analysis, the indexed point of international environmental agreements were ratified by each nation on the measure of independent variables for a sample of 130 countries in all parts of the world. From analysis results, overall, the regression analysis illustrates that the regression model generally fits our predictions for independent variables. The finding has revealed that external determinants are stronger than internal ones in explaining the level of national environmental policy adoption in relation to international environmental cooperation. Namely, All international environmental organizations, international nongovernmental organizations, and regional multinational institutes proved to function in a positive way in influencing number nations to have a favorable attitude toward international environmental policies. The findings of this study will provide helpful information on how to improve the efficacy of the Korean environmental policy system.