• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine contraction of abdominal muscles on surface electromyographic (EMG) activity of superficial cervical flexors, rib cage elevation and angle of craniocervical flexion during deep cervical flexion exercise in supine position. Fifteen healthy subjects were participated for this study. All subjects performed deer cervical flexion exercise with two methods. The positions of two methods were no volitional contraction of abdominal muscles in hook-lying position with 45 degree hip flexion (method 1) and 90 degrees hip and knee flexion with feet off floor for inducing abdominal muscle contraction (method 2). Surface EMG activities were recorded from five muscles (sternocleidmastoid, anterior scaleneus, recuts abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique). And distance of rib cage elevation and angle of craniocervical flexion were measured using a three dimensional motion analysis system. The EMG activity of each muscle was normalized to the value of reference voluntary contraction (%RVC). The EMG activities, distance of rib cage elevation. and angle of craniocervical were compared using a paired t-test between two methods. The results showed that the EMG activities of sternocleidmastoid and anterior scaleneus during deep cervical flexion exercise in method 2 were significantly decreased compared to method 1 (p<.05). Distance of rib cage elevation and angle of craniocervical flexion were significantly decreased in method 2 (p<.05). The findings of this study indicated that deep cervical flexion exercise with contraction of abdominal muscles could be an effective method to prevent substitute motion for rib cage elevation and contraction of superficial neck flexor muscles.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare the effects on abdominal muscle thickness and breathing by applying trunk strength exercise and deep stabilization exercise along with breathing exercise, which is the main respiratory muscle during breathing, to present an efficient exercise method with diaphragm breathing. Methods : This study was performed on normal 6 females and 14 males subjects. They were divided into 2 groups which trunk strength exercise and deep stabilization exercise group. The trunk strength exercise group (TSE) attended prone press-up, crunch and pelvic tiling. The deep stabilization exercise group (DSE) attended abdominal drawing, horizontal side-support and bridging exercise. Breathing exercise was performed for each set break time for 1 minute. Results : First, in the comparison of the change in the thickness of the abdominal muscle between the trunk strength training group and the deep stabilization group before and after exercise, there was a statistically significant difference in the comparison of transverse abdominis (TrA), rectus femoris (RF), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO) (p<.05). However, there was no significant difference in any comparison between groups (p>.05). Second, in the comparison of changes in respiratory function between the trunk strength exercise group and the deep stabilization exercise group before and after exercise, there were statistically significant differences in the exerted forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV₁), peak expiratory flow (PEF) in the comparison before and after the experiment (p<.05). However, there was no significant difference in any comparison between groups (p>.05). Conclusion : As a result of this study, it can be said that both trunk strength exercises and deep stabilization exercises along with diaphragm breathing are exercises that strengthen deep and superficial muscles, and have a positive effect on breathing function as well as muscle strength. However, it is not known which exercise was more effective, and because it was combined with breathing exercise, the interference effect appeared.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 복부 드로잉-인 운동과 함께 골반바닥근운동 적용이 복부 근육 두께에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 건강한 성인 30명이 본 연구에 참여하였다. 대상자들은 복부 드로잉인 운동, 골반바닥근육 운동, 복부드로잉인+골반바닥근육운동의 결합, 세 가지 동작을 수행하였다. 동작을 수행하는 동안 모든 대상자의 배바깥빗근, 배속빗근, 배가로근의 두께가 측정되었다. 각 운동에 따른 근육의 두께 차이를 비교하기 위해 일원배치분산분석을 사용하였다. 사후분석으로는 Bonferroni 검정이 사용되었다. 본 연구 결과에 따르면 배바깥빗근은 골반바닥근육 운동만 적용했을 때보다 두 가지 운동이 결합되었을 때 통계적으로 근육의 두께가 증가하는 것을 발견하였다. 배속빗근과 배가로근의 경우는 골반바닥근육 운동, 복부 드로잉인 운동, 두 가지 운동의 결합 순서로 근육의 두께가 증가하는 것을 발견하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 임상적으로 체간 안정화에 더 효율적인 운동방법을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2015

Objective: Prone bridge exercise is one of the core strengthening exercise for improving abdominal, lower and upper extremity muscles. In addition, coactivation of the trunk muscles and extremities is important for treatment of low back pain. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the thickness, cross-sectional area of the target muscle, and endurance during prone bridge exercise. Our hypothesis was that an increase in muscle thickness is positively related to the hold time for the static prone bridge exercise. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Fourteen healthy university students (8 men and 6 women) voluntarily participated in the study at Sahmyook University. Hold time for the prone bridge with one and both legs was measured. The resting and contracted thickness of the lateral abdominal, rectus femoris, and triceps muscles was measured using rehabilitative ultrasound imaging. The correlation between muscle thickness and endurance for maintenance time was evaluated. Results: The prone bridge with both legs and the contraction thickness of the triceps muscle showed a positive correlation (r=0.692, p<0.05); the prone bridge with one leg and the contraction thickness of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles showed a positive correlation (r=0.545, 0.574, p<0.05, 0.05, respectively). Conclusions: Endurance for the prone bridge exercise with a stable support surface is correlated with the contraction thickness of arm muscles; the prone bridge exercise with an unstable support surface is correlated with the contraction thickness of the deep abdominal muscles.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of single limb stance exercise according to the support surface on dynamic balance ability and abdominal muscle thickness. Methods : We recruited 28 healthy subjects in this study. Subjects were assigned to 2 groups by matching method. The control group was 5 males and 9 females, and single limb stance exercise was performed on the stable support surface. The experimental group consisted of 6 males and 8 females, and trained to stand on the unstable support. During the single limb stance exercise, the dominant foot was set as the foot that appeared numerically through the exercise of the dynamic balance meter (Biorescue). Single limb stance exercise along the supporting surface was maintained for 15 seconds and then rested for 15 seconds. It was repeated 5 times. Particularly, the balance exercise on the unstable support surface was sufficiently practiced. Independent t test was performed for comparison between groups. Paired t test was performed to compare before and after each group. Results : There was no difference between the control group and the experimental group in the comparison of dynamic balance ability (p>.05). However, there were significant differences before and after exercise in both the control and experimental groups (p<.05). Similarly, in the comparison of abdominal muscle thickness, there was a significant difference within each group, especially internal oblique and transverse abdominis (p<.05), and no difference between groups (p>.05). Conclusion : Based on these results, although there was no difference between the groups, in the experimental group, numerical increase in dynamic balance ability and abdominal muscle thickness was confirmed. Therefore, single limb stance exercise on the unstable support surfaces activates core muscles and has a positive effect on dynamic balancing ability.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.405-410
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• 2013

Purpose: Most studies have reported that the abdominal muscle thickness differs according to gender but none of these studies reported a gender difference in the thickness of the multifidus and erector spine. The spinal alignment is affected by the left and right balance in the trunk muscle. The aim of this study was to identify the trunk muscle symmetry according to gender and the correlations of the trunk muscle thickness with spinal alignment. Methods: Forty three subjects(27 males and 16 females) were enrolled in this study. The trunk muscle thickness was measured by ultrasonography. The trunk muscle, which consisted of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique abdominis (EOA), internal oblique abdominis (IOA), transverse abdominis (TrA), erector spine (ES), and multifidus (MF), was measured. The spinal alignment was measured by Formetric-III 3D analysis. The dependent variables of the spinal alignment were the trunk imbalance, trunk inclination, lateral deviation, and surface rotation. Results: The muscle thickness of the EOA muscle increased more significantly in the right side than the left side (p<0.05). Each left and right difference in the muscle thickness between the male and female group showed a significant difference (p<0.05) except for the TrA thickness. Significant positive correlations were observed between the ES and lateral deviation and between the TrA with trunk imbalance. Conclusion: These results suggest that asymptomatic men have a greater trunk muscle thickness than women but there was no difference between the left and right in healthy adults. The trunk muscle thickness of ES, TrA is related by the spinal alignment.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.264-268
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects on muscle thickness and balance ability after performing plank exercise on various surface types. Methods: In this study, there were thirty healthy participants. Participants were randomly distributed into three groups, a control group (n=10), sling group (n=10), and ball group (n=10). All participants performed plank exercises three times a week for four weeks. Plank exercises consisted of five sets of 30 seconds each with a one minute break between each set. Muscle thickness of the transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) was measured using an ultrasound diagnostic apparatus and balance was measured using I-balance. Results: Evaluation of muscle thickness revealed that the IO and EO muscle of the ball group changed significantly relative to the control group (p<0.05). However, there were no significant changes in balance. Conclusion: The results revealed that performing plank exercise on a ball is more effective among various types of surfaces.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.535-542
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• 2010

연구의 목적 : 건강한 20대 성인 남녀에게 복부 강화 운동의 하나인 warm-up (head to toe)와 tongue-stretching 운동 시 복근의 근 활성도를 비교하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 연구의 방법 : 본 연구는 12명의 건강한 20대 성인 남녀(남 5, 여 7)를 대상으로 하였으며, 평균 연령은 26세이다. 연구의 대상자는 복근에 sEMG 도자를 부착하여 두 운동 적용 시 복부 근활성도에 대한 남녀의 차이와 개별 운동 시 각 근육간의 근활성도 차이를 SPSS 13.0을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 두 운동 적용 시 global 근육과 local 근육간의 비율을 1이라 가정하고 기여도를 측정하였다. 연구의 결과 : 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 두 운동을 적용 시 남녀의 차이는 없었다. 2) 두 운동 적용 시각 근육간 근활성도 차이는 보이지 않았으나, 배속빗근(internal oblique)는 차이를 보였다. 3) 두 운동 적용 시global 근육과 local 근육간의 비율은 배곧은근(rectus abdominis)과 배속빗근과의 비율은 3으로 배속빗근이 배 곧은근의 근활성도 보다 컸음을 보였으며, 배바깥빗근(exernal oblique)과 배속빗근과의 비율은 약 1.5로 배속빗근의 활성도가 컸다. 연구의 결론 : 복부 강화 운동의 하나인 warm-up과 tongue-stretching 운동을 적용 시 복근의 활성도를 비교한 결과에서 보여주듯이 local 근육 강화 운동 시 두 운동의 효과를 향후 분석하여 요통환자와 같이 복부 강화가 필요한 환자의 프로그램에 적용되어져 할 것이다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 실시간 초음파 영상 분석을 통해 세 가지 골반바닥근 수축 운동이 골반바닥근과 배가로근, 배속빗근, 그리고 배바깥빗근의 두께에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 골반바닥근과 몸통 근육들의 근두께는 초음파 영상 장비를 이용하여 안정시, 전통적 골반바닥근 수축[운동 A]시, 엉덩 모음근과 골반바닥근 동시 수축[운동 B]시, 실시간 초음파 영상장비를 이용한 골반바닥근 수축 유도[운동 C])시 측정하였다. 측정 결과, 다른 운동들에 비해 운동 C 수행 시 안정 시 보다 가장 크게 골반바닥근의 두께가 감소하였고(p<.05), 배가로근 역시 다른 운동들에 비해 운동 C 수행 시 안정 시 보다 근두께가 가장 크게 증가하였다(p<.05). 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로, 본 연구에서 수행한 세 가지 골반바닥근 수축 방법들 중에서 실시간 초음파 영상 장비를 이용하여 골반바닥근 수축을 유도하는 운동 C 방법이 골반바닥근 수축을 통한 여성들의 오줌새기를 개선시킬 수 있는 방법으로 추천될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of different chair type (with backrest chair and without backrest chair) and pelvic position (anterior pelvic tilting and posterior pelvic tilting) on three abdominal muscles (upper rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique) and back extensor activation during lower extremity exercise. The four different conditions during bilateral knee extension exercise were: (1) leaning on backrest chair with anterior pelvic tilting, (2) leaning on backrest chair with posterior pelvic tilting, (3) anterior pelvic tilting without backrest chair, and (4) posterior pelvic tilting without backrest chair. Fifteen healthy male subjects with no history of neuromusculoskeletal disease voluntarily participated in this study. Electromyography (EMG) was used to collect muscle activation data, and muscle activation data was expressed as a percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). One-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the statistical significance, and Bonferroni comparison was used as a post hoc test. The results of this study were the following: (1) Erector spinae activation was significantly lower in posterior pelvic tilting without backrest compared with that in leaning on backrest chair with anterior pelvic tilting. (2) Upper rectus abdominis activation was significantly lower than erector spinae in all four different chair type and pelvic tilting conditions.