• Computers and Concrete
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.309-324
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• 2024

Internal curing, a widely used method for mitigating early-age shrinkage in concrete, also offers notable advantages for concrete durability. This paper explores the potential of internal curing by partial replacement of sand with fine lightweight aggregate for enhancing the behavior of high-performance concrete at elevated temperatures. Such a technique may prove economical and safe for the construction of skyscrapers, where explosive spalling of high-performance concrete in fire is a potential hazard. To reach this aim, the physico-mechanical features of internally cured high-strength concrete specimens, including mass loss, compressive strength, strain at peak stress, modulus of elasticity, stress-strain curve, toughness, and flexural strength, were investigated under different temperature exposures; and to predict some of these mechanical properties, a number of equations were proposed. Based on the experimental results, an advanced stress-strain model was proposed for internally cured high-performance concrete at different temperature levels, the results of which agreed well with the test data. It was observed that the replacement of 10% of sand with pre-wetted fine lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) not only did not reduce the compressive strength at ambient temperature, but also prevented explosive spalling and could retain 20% of its ambient compressive strength after heating up to 800℃. It was then concluded that internal curing is an excellent method to enhance the performance of high-strength concrete at elevated temperatures.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.103-116
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• 1998

순수전단강도를 추정하기 위해 150 세트의 삼축시험 결과를 분석하였다. 내부마찰각은 Hoek와 Brown의 파괴조건계수 m이 증가하는데 따라 비 선형적으로 증가하였으나 순수전단강도 비례계수 1c는 비선형적으로 감소하였다. 압축강도의 전단강도에 대한 비는 내부마찰각의 비에 역비례하였다. 전단강도는 m에 반비례하였으나 내부마찰각은 비례하였다. 또 단축강도는 c에 비례하였다. 회 귀분석의 해석에 있어서 전단강도가 m과 단축압축강도의 주요 영향요소로 나타났다. 전단강도의 비례계수는 RMR의 증가에 따라 비선행적으로 증가하였으나 내부마찰각은 선형적으로 감소하였다.

• 오토저널
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.45-54
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• 1984

Bending strength of an internal gear tooth is discussed as tooth form factor taking into account the actual stress magnitude. Stress analysis was carried out by the finite element method(FEM) for the calculation of tooth form factor of an internal gear. This paper also investigated the influences of number of teeth and addendum modification coefficient of the internal gear and the influences of number of teeth, addendum modification coefficient, pressure angle, radius of rounding of tooth tip, and bottom clearance coefficient of the pinion-shaped cutter on tooth form factor of internal gear. Generalizing the resultant data, a simple formula for the tooth form factor of an internal gear was derived for the calculation of tooth bending strength of an internal gear.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2007

Flakeboards made from ring- and drum-cut flakes of Douglas-fir, hemlock, red lauan and kapur using two kinds of resin levels were evaluated for the selected properties according to flake thickness. The pH and buffering capacity of four species were determined. Those of kapur were extremely different from the other three species. These pH and buffering capacity values result in the poor internal bond strength of kapur flakeboard. The internal bond strength was affected significantly by flake thickness, resin content and species. MOR and MOE in bending strength were maximized at medium drum-cut flake thickness. Screw holding strength was not consistent for flake thickness, but it was influenced by species. Thickness swelling and water absorption of Douglas-fir and hemlock flakeboard were minimized at medium drum-cut flake thickness.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권4A호
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• pp.565-575
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• 2006

구속된 콘크리트는 구속되지 않은 콘크리트에 비해 상당히 큰 강도를 갖는다. 따라서 콘크리트의 구속응력을 증가시키는 것은 강도의 증가를 유도할 수 있다. 하지만 중공교각의 경우, 심부구속력의 부재로 인하여 중공교각의 안쪽면에서 취성파괴가 발생하며, 이는 기둥의 강도 저하 및 연성의 저하를 초래한다. 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위하여, 강관 삽입 중공 RC(Reinforced Concrete) 기둥이 개발되었으며, 본 연구에서는 실험을 통하여 삽입 강관에 의한 내부 구속력의 효과를 검증하였다. 총 36개의 시험체를 제작하여 실험을 수행하였으며, 실험 결과를 통하여 삽입 강관의 구속력과 이로 인한 콘크리트의 강도 증가를 확인하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.61-68
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• 2002

Tubular members have been applied in a wide range of frame structures including offshore structures. For the efficient load flow in tubular-member structures, the joints of tubular members are usually reinforced using internal ring stiffener for the steel tubular joint having a large diameter. The objective of this paper is to numerically assess the behavior of X-joints with an internal ring stiffener, and to evaluate the reinforcement effect of a ring stiffener, and to establish the strength formulae. Nonlinear finite element analysis is used to compute the static strength of axially loaded tubular joints. From the numerical results, internal ring stiffener is found to be efficient in improving static strength of tubular X-joints. Maximum strength ratios are calculated as 1.5~3.5, and the effective dimensions of ring stiffener are found. Regression analyses are performed considering practical size of ring stiffener and strength estimation formulae are proposed.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2008

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of internal holes on the bending strength of PB. The diameters of holes are 0mm to 13mm. The locations of holes are 1/8 to 4/5 point horizontally from sample end and are 1/5 to 4/5 vertically from sample surface, the numbers of holes are 1 to 4 pcs. In the size of internal holes, the bending strengths of PB were decreased significantly with the increase of diameter of holes, and the relationship between diameters(D) of holes and bending strength (${\sigma}_b$) of PB was ${\sigma}_b=-11D+168.8$ ($r^2=-0.99^{**}$). The effects of hole-locations and hole-numbers on the bending strengths of PB were large. and so they should be considered as major factors for the jointing design of PB.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.27-36
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• 1997

For the strength design of the brake system of a forklift truck, a procedure to calculate the internal forces acting on the system is presented in this paper. Vehicle dynamics, brake system kinematics, and internal force equilibrium analysis are integrated into the procedure. Design parameters such as stopping distance, maximum decceleration, and maximum torque generated by pedal force are considered in the vehicle dynamics, and geometric parameters of the brake system are considered in the brake system kinematics. With the two analysis results obtained, the internal forces acting in the brake system are finally calculated in the procedure.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of internal fibrillation on the pulp and paper properties. The internal fibrillation was introduced into the SwBKP and recycled SwBKP by the mechanical treatment with Hobart mixer. WRV and physical properties of SwBKP were improved by the internal fibrillation. However the mechanical treatment of recycled SwBKP resulted in the decrease of strength properties of paper except for the tear index, although it was observed that WRV was somewhat increased by the mechanical treatment. The decrease of strength properties of recycled SwBKP might be caused by the hornification of fiber and the decrease of fiber strength.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.162-169
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• 2001

Tubular joints are usually reinforced using thicker can section or ring stiffeners to increase the load carrying capacity. In this paper, a numerical study has been performed for evaluation of axial strength for X-joints with internal ring stiffener, The finite element analysis software was used for nonlinear strength analysis. According to variation of ring geometries, the effect of ring stiffener for X-joints are investigated. Internal ring stiffener is found to be efficient improving ultimate strength of tubular joints. Relations of thickness of ring and axial strength are observed considering geometric parameters of ring stiffeners.