• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.23-41
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• 2010

Greater yang disease(太陽病) is a syndrome induced by peripheral obstruction. One of them is "wind stroke(中風)" with the obstruction in lymphatic system. The other obstruction appearing on circulatory system is called "cold damage(傷寒)." Kyejitang(桂枝湯) is the formula prescribed for greater yang wind stroke pattern(太陽中風證) which is caused by peripheral lymphatic duct obstruction. Ramulus Cinamoni acts as a vasodilator and Radix Paeoniae relieves the abdominal tension. They make blood move to the internal organ and this can remove the retention of peripheral lymphatic system. Covering the patient with a blanket and getting him/her to have hot and thin rice gruel causes slight Diaphoresis, contributing to relieving the retention of lymphatic system. Disharmony between nutrient and defense(營衛不和) means that pressure becomes different between lymphatic system and vascular system. Kyejitang(桂枝湯) is called releasing muscles formula(解肌劑) because it can resolve such pressure difference. Diaphoresis is not a means to eliminate pathogenic qi(邪氣) from the body. That is the syndrome proving that the body fluid has moved around when disordered fluid distribution is corrected. Therefore, diaphoresis should be induced weakly all the time. If diaphoresis is induced excessively, body fluid will move more than desired and then illness cannot be cured. In Sanghanlun(傷寒論), dispersing drugs aim at addressing the retention in the exterior field, but it actually applies to the entire exterior and interior to make body fluid move. Therefore, diaphoresis does not just act on exterior field, and freeing the stool does not only apply to interior field. Distribution of body fluid changed by pathogenic qi(邪氣) influences the whole body because the human body has a closed circulatory system. Sanghanlun(傷寒論) has included treatments for pathogenic disease. However, its value should not be limited to pathogenic disease. It is because controlling blood flow by sending body fluid to the place a doctor wants is certainly worth using for treatment of non-exogenous disease or chronic illnesses.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.28-32
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• 2013

Objective: This study was performed to analyze the single-dose toxicity of D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) extracts. Methods: All experiments were conducted at the Korea Testing & Research Institute (KTR), an institution authorized to perform non-clinical studies, under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen for the pilot study. Doses of DAAO extracts, 0.1 to 0.3 cc, were administered to the experimental group, and the same doses of normal saline solution were administered to the control group. This study was conducted under the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. Results: In all 4 groups, no deaths occurred, and the $LD_{50}$ of DAAO extracts administered by IV was over 0.3 ml/kg. No significant changes in the weight between the control group and the experimental group were observed. To check for abnormalities in organs and tissues, we used microscopy to examine representative histological sections of each specified organ, the results showed no significant differences in any organs or tissues. Conclusion: The above findings suggest that treatment with D-amino acid oxidase extracts is relatively safe. Further studies on this subject should be conducted to yield more concrete evidence.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.718-724
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• 2008

In order to classify diseases of oriental medicine in liaison with International Classification of Diseases, there should be intermediation and sharing concepts between the two in addition to proper classification. Classification units were settled for differentiation of diseases or syndromes first. And second, the standard forms of disease classification system were proposed. Third, this classification system was made of serial groupings of syndrome under the traditional disease name. Fourth, the location of disease and the interrelation between different syndromes were depicted with diagram in order to define more clearly. As the results and conclusion, The classification units were composed of 2 categories; topology, organ, meridian, somatic structure, body fluid units for description and various regulatory unit terms of western and traditional medicine for explanation. The mixed classification model of western diseases and traditional syndromes(證) was adopted as a fundamental classification system containing disease by exterior pathogen, systemic internal diseases, psychoneuronal diseases, metabolic diseases, diseases of sense organs, supportive structure diseases, obstetric-gynecology diseases, child diseases, 4-type constitutional diseases. And those were differentiated with generalized, localized, functional, oncogenic, environmental features in detail. The cause, site, condition, dispositions must be expressed in each disease name too. The types of diagnosis using classification system are principal and final diagnosis, principal procedure, main conditions, and these are applied to this Korean classification system equally. For more clarification of differentiation, a plane topological map and three dimensional coordinates were proposed to manifest the location, features and relation of disease itself or each other.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.209-214
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• 2018

The results of CBCT was obtained using image guided radiation therapy for radiation therapy in 5 prostate cancer patients. Using these results, we compared and evaluated the dose changes according to the treatment plan depending on the volume and position of bladder, rectum, and prostate. The 28 images of CBCT were acquired using On-Board Imaging device before radiotherapy. After the outline of bladder, rectum, and PTV, pCT images and CBCT images for radiotherapy were treated respectively. The volume of the bladder was increased by 105.6% and decreased by 45.2%. The volume of the rectum was increased by 30.5% and decreased by 20.3%. Prostate volume was increased by 6.3% and decreased by 12.3%. The mean dose of the rectum was higher in the CBCT than in the pCT, and V40 (equivalent to 40 Gy) of the bladder showed a reduction in all treatment regimens in the CBCT than in the pCT. Conformity treatment and homogeneity index of PTV showed better results in all treatment regimens using pCT than CBCT. It was found that the dose distribution of the pelvic internal organs varied greatly according to the patient 's condition and pretreatment.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.154-159
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• 2011

Testicular epidermoid cyst is a rare benign tumor, accounting for 1-2% of all testicular tumors. It can be cured by organ preserving surgery, so accurate preoperative diagnosis is very important for preventing unneccessary and extensive orchiectomy. We experienced a case of an 18-year-old man who presented with a painless lump in his right testis. The testicular mass showed an onion ring sign on ultrasonography. Computed tomography images showed the mass as a low attenuating lesion with curvilinear calcification. On Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the mass appeared as high signal intensity with internal alternating low signal intensity patterns on T2-weighted images. The mass was displayed as having homogeneous high signal intensity on diffusion magnetic resonance imaging and showed lower apparent diffusion coefficient values than normal testis parenchyma, similar to intracranial epidermoid cysts. Testicular MRI with DWI and ADC map can help to more accurately diagnose testicular epidermoid cyst.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.267-278
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• 1996

A clinical case of CheMletietlo infestation on a dog born and raised in Korea is reported. A three-year old female Whippet was hospitalized due to a multiple fracture and displacement of the left scapula caused by a recent car accident The mite infestation was not noticed at the time of hospitalization. The dog underwent multiple operations involving internal fixation of the fractured scapula with wire and a plate, followed by extensive chemotherapy with antibiotics and prednisolone. After two months of hospitalization. a pruritic dermatitis near the left scapula developed. Multiple white dandruff-like ilakes were seen on the hair coat. especially over the dorsal spine and neck, and the dog expressed increased pruritus by frequently licking and scratching the affected areas. Local dense accumulations of skin debris that became crusty were also observed. Microscopic examination or a skin scraping revealed a heavy infestation of cheyletiella vnsfuri. as idrntified by the prrsrnce of holes of the palpi and the heart-shaped sensory organ on menu I. Immnosuppression elicited by the extensive administration of prednisolone was suspected for the initiation of the generalized mite infestation.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2002

Central pontine myelinolysis(CPM) and Extrapontine myelinolysis(EPM) are uncommon neurologic disorders associated with osmotic inequality between the extracellular fluid compartment and intracellular fluid compartment in the brain. Myelinolysis can occur in hyponatremia and after rapid correction of hyponatremia. It may be caused by various metabolic disturbances such as chronic alcoholism, malnourishment, cancer, chronic renal failure and organ transplantation. The authors reported a 43-year-old male patient who have received a kidney transplantation because of chronic renal failure due to diabetic nephropathy. The patient manifested psychotic symptoms such as delusion, loosened association, hallucination, inappropriate affect and aggressiveness as a sequele of CPM and EPM. He also showed neurocognitive impairment such as disorientation, memory impairment, decresed intelligence and aphasia. These manifestations are rare in CPM and EPM. We discuss the clinical features, diagnosis, course and management of the patient which may be clinically significant in the neuropsychiatric aspect especially at the consultation-liaison field.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.325-329
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• 2010

Objective : Traditionally, peritoneal catheter is inserted with midline laparotomy incision in ventriculoperitoneal (V-P) shunt procedures. Complications of V-P shunt is not uncommon and have been reported to occur in 5-37% of cases. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical outcomes and the operation time between laparotomy and laparoscopic groups. Methods : A total of 155 V-P shunt procedures were performed to treat hydrocephalic patients of various origins in our institute between June 2006 to January 2010; 95 of which were laparoscopically guided and 65 were not. We reviewed the operation time, surgery-related complications, and intraoperative and postoperative problems. Results : In the laparoscopy group, the mean duration of the procedure (52 minutes) was significantly shorter (p < 0.001) than the laparotomy group (109 minutes). There were two cases of malfunctions and one incidence of diaphragm injury in the laparotomy group. In contrast, there were neither malfunction nor any internal organ injuries in the laparoscopy group (p = 0.034). There were total of two cases of infections from both groups (p = 0.7). Conclusion : Laparoscopically guided insertions of distal shunt catheter is considered a fast and safe method in contrast to the laparotomy technique. This method allows the exact localization of the peritoneal catheter and a confirmation of its patency.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.573-578
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• 2003

The effects of removing the endothelium on the vasodilatory response to substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was examined in the isolated rabbit renal artery. The vasodilator response to substance P ($0.1{\mu}M$) was completely absent in vessels in which the endothelium had previously been removed. There was no significant difference in the vasodilatation produced in response to CGRP ($0.1{\mu}M$), or VIP ($0.1{\mu}M$) in the intact and removed-endothelium rabbit renal artery segments. L-NAME ($100{\mu}M$) significantly reduced the vasodilatory response to substance P ($0.1{\mu}M$). This inhibition was significantly attenuated when L-arginine (10 mM) was also present in the organ bath along with L-NAME ($100{\mu}M$). Indomethacin ($1{\mu}M$) did not significantly affect the vasodilatation produced in response to substance P ($0.1{\mu}M$). The inhibitory effect of L-NAME ($100{\mu}M$) and indomethacin ($1{\mu}M$) on the vasodilatory response to substance P ($0.1{\mu}M$) was not significantly different from that produced by L-NAME ($100{\mu}M$) alone. This study indicates that substance P induced vasodilatation via an endothelium-dependent mechanism in the isolated rabbit renal artery. It also established that CGRP and VIP induced vasodilatation by an endothelium-independent mechanism and substance P-induced vasodilatation is at least partially via NO.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.43-45
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• 2012

Mesenteric pseudocyst is rare. This term is used to describe the abdominal cystic mass, without the origin of abdominal organ. We presented a case of mesenteric pseudocyst of the small bowel in a 70-year-old man. Esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy showed a 3.5 cm sized excavated lesion on the posterior wall of angle. Endocopic biopsy confirmed a histologic diagnosis of the poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, which includes the signet ring cell component. Abdominal computed tomography scan showed a focal mucosal enhancement in the posterior wall of angle of the stomach, a 2.4 cm sized enhancing mass on the distal small bowel loop, without distant metastases or ascites in rectal shelf, and multiple gallbladder stones. The patient underwent subtotal gastrectomy with gastroduodenostomy, segmental resection of the small bowel, and cholecystectomy. The final pathological diagnosis was mesenteric pseudocyst. This is the first case report describing incidentally detected mesenteric pseudocyst of the small bowel in gastric cancer patients.