• Korean Journal of Transplantation
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.92-103
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• 2018

Background: Currently, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is used for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) prophylaxis, but it is associated with frequent adverse effects. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the current protocol and proposes an individualized risk-based prophylaxis protocol. Methods: The PJP incidence and risk factors during the first 6 months (early PJP) and afterwards (late PJP) was assessed in renal transplant recipients with (prophylaxis group) and without (no-prophylaxis group) 6-month PJP prophylaxis. Results: In 578 patients, there were 39 cases of PJP during a median follow-up of 51 months. Renal adverse events were encountered frequently during trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis, leading to premature discontinuation. Patients without the prophylaxis had a significantly higher incidence of early PJP (n=27, 6.6%) compared to patients with the prophylaxis (n=0). The incidence of late PJP was 2.2%, without between-group differences. The factors associated with early PJP were preoperative desensitization and acute rejection within 1 month, whereas late PJP was associated with age, deceased donor transplant, and acute rejection requiring antithymocyte globulin treatment. Conclusions: Based on the simulation results of several risk-based scenarios, the authors recommend universal prophylaxis up to 6 months post-transplant and extended selective prophylaxis in patients aged ${\geq}57$ years and those with a transplant from deceased donors.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 1999

The need for reconstruction of large bone, soft tissue defect of mandible has greater emphasis due to development of industry, traumatic accident and increase of tumor. The mandibular reconstruction had greatly progressed through the first and the second World Wars. The Fibular free flap by using microscope was reported in 1970 and many maxillofacial reconstructive surgeons had used. In 1988, Dr. Hidalgo first reported mandibular reconstruction by using fibular free flap. Mandibular reconstruction by using fibular free flap has several advantages. First, it provides up to 25 cm of bone, enough to reconstruct any length of mandible defect. Second, a skin island, based on a septocutaneous blood supply, is available in a size large enough to simultaneously reconstruct internal and external soft tissue defect. Third, The fibular donor site morbidity is low, fourth, it provides a esthetic effect of mandible line. And finally bone viability is good. The Fibular osteocutaneous free flap was performed after COMMANDO operation due to squamous cell cancer in oral cavity (15 cases). Therefore we report out successful operation of the mandible reconstruction by using fibular osteocutaneous free flap.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.866-871
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• 2007

Testis-specific protein (TSPY) is a Y-specific gene, with up to 200 copy numbers in bulls. In order to make bovine embryo sexing under farm condition more feasible, the possibility of using a non-electrophoretic method to detect the TSPY gene for sexing bovine early embryos was examined. Primers were designed to amplify a portion of the TSPY gene and a common gene as an internal control primer. PCR optimization was carried out using a DNA template from bovine whole blood. Furthermore, embryo samples were diagnosed by this method and the sexing results were contrasted with those of the Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) method. The results showed that TSPY was as reliable a sexing method as LAMP. Forty-three morula and blastocyst embryos collected from superovulated donor dairy cattle were sexed by this method, and twenty-one embryos judged to be female embryos were transferred non-surgically to recipients 6 to 8 days after natural estrus. Out of 21 recipients, 9 were pregnant (42.86%) and all delivered female calves. The results showed that the sex predicted by this protocol was 100% accurate. In conclusion, the TSPY gene was a good male specific marker and indicated that a non-electrophoretic method was feasible and accurate to detect the TSPY gene for sexing preimplantation bovine embryos.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.360-372
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• 2020

Objective: Specific genomic sites can be recognized and permanently modified by genome editing. The discovery of endonucleases has advanced genome editing in pigs, attenuating xenograft rejection and cross-species disease transmission. However, off-target mutagenesis caused by these nucleases is a major barrier to putative clinical applications. Furthermore, off-target mutagenesis by genome editing has not yet been addressed in pigs. Methods: Here, we generated genetically inheritable α-1,3-galactosyltransferase (GGTA1) knockout Yucatan miniature pigs by combining transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) and nuclear transfer. For precise estimation of genomic mutations induced by TALEN in GGTA1 knockout pigs, we obtained the whole-genome sequence of the donor cells for use as an internal control genome. Results: In-depth whole-genome sequencing analysis demonstrated that TALEN-mediated GGTA1 knockout pigs had a comparable mutation rate to homologous recombination-treated pigs and wild-type strain controls. RNA sequencing analysis associated with genomic mutations revealed that TALEN-induced off-target mutations had no discernable effect on RNA transcript abundance. Conclusion: Therefore, TALEN appears to be a precise and safe tool for generating genomeedited pigs, and the TALEN-mediated GGTA1 knockout Yucatan miniature pigs produced in this study can serve as a safe and effective organ and tissue resource for clinical applications.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.828-832
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• 2014

The spectroscopic properties of quercetin (QCT) were studied in the AOT reverse micelle by fluorescence spectroscopy. Because the molecular structure of QCT is completely planar, excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) occurs between the -OH at C(5) and carbonyl oxygen via intramolecular hydrogen bonding. This ESIPT happens at the $S_1$ state but not at the $S_2$ state. Because QCT is a good donor-acceptor-conjugated molecule at the excited state, this molecule can emit strong fluorescence but shows no $S_1{\rightarrow}S_o$ emission due to this ESIPT. Since the $S_2{\rightarrow}S_1$ internal conversion was very slow due to the small Franck-Condon factors, $S_2{\rightarrow}S_o$ fluorescence emission was observed. All of the experimental results indicated that the QCT resided at the bound water interface and that the position of solute did not change significantly in the micelle at various water concentrations.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.128-139
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to review the literatures of experimental tracheal reconstruction. Although there have been significant advancements in the surgical treatment of the long circumferential tracheal injuries, there still has been a difficult problem with high morbidity and mortality. The method for tracheal reconstruction after circumferential resection is preferred end-to-end anastomosis for defects up to 6 cm in length, but larger tracheal defects require the use of tracheal allograft, various artificial prosthesis or autogenous organs. The tracheal allotransplantation has been widely used as there was significantly improved the method of surgical technique, preservation and immunosuppression. But it has been limited by a number of factors such as few donor, limited use of immunosuppressant, delayed revascularization and re-epitheliazation. Experimental studies on the tracheal prosthesis have a long history and they tried to use silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene mesh, Dacron, Marlex mesh, external or internal stents. Other experimental studies were reported the use of autogenous tissues that were cartilage. jejunum, aorta, skin, muscle, periostium or esophagus. But a great variety of these protheses have been resulted unsatisfactory in a significant Proportion of cases. Alternatively, the tissue-engineering technique has showed a new approach to reconstruct trachea and much progress in tissue-engineering bas been made recently. In conclusion, although the tracheal allotransplantation and the use of prosthesis and allograft have been reported a lot of limitation to overcome, we could sooner expect good result of ideal tracheal prosthesis.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.49 no.9
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• pp.520-526
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• 2011

Vascularized iliac crest flap include bone tissue of good quality and quantity for mandible segmental defect. Even if fibular flap can contain longer bone tissue, iliac crest has esthetic shape for mandible body reconstruction and large height for implant. Conventional vascularized iliac crest osteomyocutaneous flap is too bulky for reconstruction of intraoral soft tissue defect. But modified flap can reduce soft tissue volume, so is good for functional reconstruction of oral mucosa. It takes only one month for completely replace oral mucosa. The final mucosal texture is much better than other skin paddle flap, especially for implant prosthesis. Donor site morbidity of this method looks same level or less with other modalities functionally and socially. In case of oral mucosa-mandible combined defect, vascularized iliac crest with internal oblique muscle flap shows good outcomes for hard and soft tissue.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.174-177
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• 2013

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a disease characterized by jaw necrosis and delayed wound healing in patients who had received bisphosphonates. Buccal fat pad (BFP) can be used as a pedicled flap in the posterior region of the oral cavity. BFP pedicle flap needs simple surgical technique and it shows less donor site morbidity and aesthetic problem than other vascularized flap. BFP pedicled flap was fed by 3 arteries-facial, internal maxillary, and transverse facial artery. Osteomyelitis was generally related with poor blood supply. Thus, rich blood supply of BFP pedicle flap can have a potential advantage to BRONJ patients. In this case report, we presented 3 BRONJ patients treated by BFP pedicle flap after sequestrectomy.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.357-363
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• 2021

We developed a chemiresistive anion sensor using highly conductive carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) functionalized with anion receptors. Mechanically robust CNTFs were prepared via wet-spinning utilizing the nematic liquid crystal properties of CNTs in chlorosulfonic acid (CSA). For anion detection, polymeric receptors composed of dual-hydrogen bond donors, including thiourea 1, squaramide 2, and croconamide 3, were prepared and bonded non-covalently on the surface of the CNTFs. The binding affinities of the anion receptors were studied using UV-vis titrations. The results revealed that squaramide 2 exhibited the highest binding affinity toward AcO^-, followed by thiourea 1 and croconamide 3. This trend was consistent with the chemiresistive sensing responses toward AcO^- using functional CNTFs. Selective anion sensing properties were observed that CNTFs functionalized with squaramide 2 exhibited a response of 1.08% toward 33.33 mM AcO^-, while negligible responses (<0.1%) were observed for other anions such as Cl^-, Br^-, and NO₃^-. The improved response was attributed to the internal charge transfer of dual-hydrogen bond donors owing to the deprotonation of the receptor upon the addition of AcO^-.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.597-615
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• 2023

Healthy aging can be defined as an extended lifespan and health span. Nutrition has been regarded as an important factor in healthy aging, because nutrients, bioactive food components, and diets have demonstrated beneficial effects on aging hallmarks such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, apoptosis and autophagy, genomic stability, and immune function. Nutrition also plays a role in epigenetic regulation of gene expression, and DNA methylation is the most extensively investigated epigenetic phenomenon in aging. Interestingly, age-associated DNA methylation can be modulated by one-carbon metabolism or inhibition of DNA methyltransferases. One-carbon metabolism ultimately controls the balance between the universal methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine and the methyltransferase inhibitor S-adenosylhomocysteine. Water-soluble B-vitamins such as folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 serve as coenzymes for multiple steps in one-carbon metabolism, whereas methionine, choline, betaine, and serine act as methyl donors. Thus, these one-carbon nutrients can modify age-associated DNA methylation and subsequently alter the age-associated physiologic and pathologic processes. We cannot elude aging per se but we may at least change age-associated DNA methylation, which could mitigate age-associated diseases and disorders.