• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.383-388
• /
• 2018

본 연구에서는, 표고버섯 균사체 발효 생물전환공법으로 생산된 미강생물전환소재(BPP-RB)가 가금티푸스의 주요 원인균인 S. Gallinarum에 감염된 닭 유래 대식세포주 HD-11에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 그 결과, 미강생물전환소재 추출액은 S. Gallinarum 277에 대한 직접적인 성장억제 효과를 보여주지 않았으며, 총단백질 및 분비단밸질 발현 양상에 어떠한 변화도 유도하지 못하였다. 하지만, 미강생물전환소재 추출액은 (i) HD-11 대식세포의 탐식 능력(phagocytic activity)을 활성화하였고, (ii) Th1-type cytokines(tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, iNOS)과 immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10의 발현 증가를 유도하였으며, (iii) Th2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-6)의 발현은 감소시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과를 종합하면, 미강생물전환소재는 가금 농장에서 가금티푸스 및 다른 Salmonella종의 감염을 예방하기 위한 사료첨가제로서의 가능성을 가지고 있다고 사료된다.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2018

Objectives : The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Flaxseed oil and Chrysanthemi Indici Flos 50% ethanol extract in an HCl/ethanol induced acute gastritis model. Methods : ICR mice were divided into 6 groups; normal mice (Nor), gastritic mice with distilled water (Veh), gastritic mice with 10 mg/kg sucralfate (SC), gastritic mice with 16 g/㎏ Flaxseed oil (FO), gastritic mice with FO + 50 mg/kg Chrysanthemi Indici Flos (FCL), and gastritic mice with FO + 100 mg/kg Chrysanthemi Indici Flos (FCH). Then, mice were orally administered with 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol and caused acute gastritis. After 1 hr, mice were sacrificed, and blood and stomach tissue were collected. Results : Administration of FCL and FCH to mice prior to the induction of gastritis was found to reduce gastric injury. reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxy nitrite ($ONOO^-$) levels of stomach tissues were significantly decreased in FO, FCL, and FCH compared to Veh group. As results of stomach protein analyses, FCL and FCH effectively reduce inflammatory-related factors such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1 beta ($IL-1{\beta}$) in gastric lesion mice. In addition, nuclear factor kappa B p65 ($NF-{\kappa}B$ p65) and phosphorylation inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa $B{\alpha}(p-I{\kappa}B{\alpha})$ were down-regulated in FCL and FCH administrated gastric lesion mice. Conclusions : These results suggest that FCL and FCH has an inhibitory effect against gastric injury. Therefore, FCL and FCH has the potential to be used as a natural therapeutic drug.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2018

Objectives : Epimedii Herba has been frequently used in Korean Traditional Medicine to treat impotence, spermatorrhoea, exophthalmos, and forgetfulness. Present study investigated anti-inflammatory effects of Epimedii Herba water extract (EWE) and attempted to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved. Methods : To explore anti-inflammatory effects of EWE, RAW 264.7 cells, a murine macrophage cell line, were pretreated with $10-100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of EWE, and then subsequently exposed to $1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Levels of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6, $interleukin-1{\beta}$, and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ were monitored in the medium. Expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 were determined by immunoblot and real-time PCR analyses. Signaling pathways related with nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) and mitogen-activated protein kinases were monitored to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved. Finally, the role of three flavonoid compounds in EWE on LPS-mediated NO production were investigated. Results : In conditioned medium, pretreatment of EWE ($100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. In addition, EWE attenuated the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 by LPS. EWE prevented the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitory ${\kappa}B{\alpha}$, nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$, and DNA binding of $NF-{\kappa}B$, while EWE did not change the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by LPS. Moreover, icariin, icaritin, and quercetin partly, but significantly, inhibited the LPS-stimulated NO production. Conclusions : These results suggest that EWE has an ability to prevent inflammation in macrophages through inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathway.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제46권1호
• /
• pp.26-33
• /
• 2017

본 연구에서는 상지에 배양한 상황버섯 균사체 유래 다당류의 기능성 식품 소재로의 활용 가능성을 확인하기 위해 조다당류의 분리 및 정제를 통해 분획을 얻었으며, 다양한 면역증강 효과를 확인하였다. 건조된 조다당류를 DEAE-sepharose CL-6B를 이용하여 크로마토그래피한 후 340 nm에서의 흡광도, 단백질, 당 및 uronic acid 함량을 분석한 결과, 증류수로 용출되는 비흡착 분획(PF-1, 분획번호 3~15)과 흡착된 후 NaCl 용액에 의해 용출되는 분획(PF-2, 분획번호 24~33)을 얻었다. 분획물 PF-1 및 PF-2의 유용성분 함량으로 총당 함량은 각각 75.51%, 52.38%, 총단백질 함량은 1.63%, 8.41%, uronic acid 함량은 17.53%, 15.04% 및 ${\beta}-glucan$ 함량은 28.33%, 25.04%로 나타났다. PF-1 및 PF-2에 대해 대식세포주에 처리하여 세포생존율을 확인한 결과 $100{\mu}g/mL$ 농도까지 유의적으로 세포사멸이 나타나지 않아 세포독성이 없음을 확인할 수 있었다. Nitric oxide 생성량은 PF-1 $100{\mu}g/mL$에서는 nitric oxide 생성량이 $23.11{\mu}M$로 나타나 양성대조군으로 사용된 LPS 100 ng/mL 처리군($30.30{\mu}M$)의 약 76%의 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었으며, cytokine 생성량($TNF-{\alpha}$ 및 IL-6) 또한 무처리군에 비하여 높은 생성량을 나타내었다. Polymerase chain reaction을 통한 면역 관련 유전자 발현분석 결과, iNOS, COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6에서 PF-1 분획에서 높은 발현량을 나타내어 면역 증강을 목적으로 한 기능성 식품 개발에 활용 가능하다고 판단된다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제21권10호
• /
• pp.1377-1384
• /
• 2011

Astaxanthin (ATX)은 다양한 생명체에서 생성되는 카로티노이드 색소이다. 본 연구에서는 ATX가 RAW264.7 cell에서 LPS에 의한 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), 염증성 사이토카인, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$)와 reactive oxygen species (ROS)의 생성을 억제 시키는 지 또한, superoxide radical 소거능이 있는 지를 조사하였다. iNOS와 NF-${\kappa}B$는 immunoblot analysis로, interleukin (IL)-6와 tumour necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$)는 ELISA 법으로 분석하였다. NO 양은 nitrite의 양을 측정하였고, ROS는 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) 법으로 superoxide radical 소거능은 superoxide radical scavenging activity assay로 검증하였다. 100 ${\mu}M$의 ATX 농도에서 LPS로 유도된 NO, IL-6 및 TNF-${\alpha}$ 같은 염증성 사이토카인의 생성 뿐만 아니라 iNOS 및 NF-${\kappa}B$의 발현도 억제되었다. 특히, IL-6 및 TNF-${\alpha}$ 생성에 있어 ATX의 최대 억제율은 각각 65.2% 및 21.2% 이었으며 LPS로 유도된 NF-${\kappa}B$의 전사활성을 억제하였다. 이러한 현상은 세포질에서 핵으로 NF-${\kappa}B$의 전위를 억제하는 것과 관련이 있다. 또한, 25-100 ${\mu}M$의 ATX 농도에서 세포 내 ROS 생성을 억제하였으며, 5 mg/ml 농도의 ATX는 동일농도의 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol에 비해 superoxide radical 소거능이 1.33배 높았다. 이러한 결과들은 ATX가 대식세포에서 ROS 생성 및 NF-${\kappa}B$ 활성을 저해하므로 iNOS의 발현, NO 및 염증성 사이토카인의 생성을 억제하며, 또한 우수한 superoxide radical 소거능을 보유한다는 것을 나타내었다. 결론적으로, ATX가 항염증제 및 항산화제로서 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.33-38
• /
• 2008

To evaluate the antiatopic effect of Korea red ginseng (RG, steamed root of Panax ginseng CA Meyer, Family Araliaceae) fermented by Bifidobacterium longum H-1 (FRG), its inhibitory effect on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction and itching in mice was measured. FRG and its ingredient saponin fraction (FSF) potently inhibited PCA reaction and scratching behaviors. FRG at a dose of 200 mg/kg and FSF at a dose of 50 mg/kg significantly inhibited the scratching frequency by 45% and 47%, respectively. FRG and FSF also inhibited the degranulation and protein expression of tumor-necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ and interleukin-4 of RBL-2H3 cells induced by IgE-complex. However, polysaccharide fraction of FRG (FPF) weakly inhibited it, compared with FSF. The inhibitory effect of FRG against PCA reaction and scratching behaviors more potently inhibited than that of RG. Based on these findings, FRG can improve allergic skin disorders atopic dermatitis by the regulation of $TNF-{\alpha}$, and IL-4 produced by mast cells and basophils and its degranulation.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.72-83
• /
• 2019

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of the Paulownia tomentosa extracts (PTE). The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of PTE were 148.98±1.84 mg GAE/g extract, and 115.33±4.16 mg CE/g extract, respectively. The PTE showed that strong antioxidant activity via -diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity and FRAP assay. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. PTE remarkably reduced protein expression of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), resulting in inhibition of production of nitric oxide (NO). Additionally, pre-treatment of PTE significantly suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Moreover, PTE significantly attenuated LPS-induced IkappaB (IκB) degradation and suppressed nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) nuclear translocation in macrophages. The PTE showed high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. These data suggest that PTE has pharmacological activity and may be useful for the development of anti-inflammatory agents.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.35-38
• /
• 2018

Recently assessment of suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) level has become a useful cardiac biomarker in human medicine. This study compared serum ST2 levels and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels between healthy dogs and dogs with chronic mitral valve disease. Twenty client-owned dogs were investigated. Dogs were divided into normal, asymptomatic, and symptomatic groups. Serum samples were used to measure levels of NT-proBNP and ST2. Samples for NT-proBNP were sent to IDEXX laboratory for analysis while ST2 levels were measured by using a canine interleukin 33 receptor ELISA kit. There was a significant difference in NT-proBNP levels between asymptomatic and symptomatic groups (P < 0.01), and between normal and symptomatic groups (P < 0.01). In contrast, ST2 levels were not relatively different between asymptomatic and symptomatic groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference was observed among all groups in ST2 study. The usefulness of measuring NT-proBNP level as a cardiac biomarker in dogs with chronic mitral valve disease was confirmed, but usefulness of the ST2 level was not observed. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the potential usefulness of ST2 level as a cardiac biomarker in canines.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.79-83
• /
• 2018

This study compared serum concentrations of suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) between healthy and heartworm- infected dogs. Eighteen heartworm-infected dogs and five healthy dogs were included in the study. Dogs were diagnosed and categorized by history, clinical signs, and blood assay, thoracic radiography, echocardiography, and commercial ELISA kit results. Serum samples were sent to the IDEXX reference laboratory for NT-proBNP measurement. ST2 was examined by using a canine interleukin 33 receptor ELISA kit with the quantitative sandwich ELISA method. The severely infected group showed significant elevation of NT-proBNP concentration over those of the control (P=0.03) and mildly infected (P=0.04) group. There were no significant difference in ST2 concentrations among the three groups. The usefulness of NT-proBNP as a cardiac biomarker in dogs with severe heartworm disease was confirmed by the results of this study. Further investigations to assess ST2 as a cardiac biomarker are warranted.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.54-73
• /
• 2012

Objectives: To investigate the scientific evidence of Korean Medicine (KM), papers on Socheongryong-tang (Xiaoqinglong-tang), which is frequently used in medical clinics or hospitals of Korean medicine, were collected and analyzed. Methods: Papers were classified by the registration of domestic or international journals, the year of publication, experimental models and the subjects of biological activities. The mechanisms of biological activity in accordance with therapeutic effects of Socheongryong-tang (Xiaoqinglong-tang) were noted. Results: Among 98 papers included, 21 were published in domestic journals whereas 35 were in Chinese journals and 43 in Japanese journals. Most reported biological activities were amelioration of asthma. Socheongryong-tang (Xiaoqinglong-tang) regulated interleukin and interferon and immunoglobulin, inhibited the production of nerve growth factor, endotheliln-1, nitric oxide, toll-like receptor-4, p-Akt and increased extracellular signal regulated kinase and cyclin D1, which led to decreased bronchi inflammation and bronchoconstriction, and inhibited the proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells, mucus secretion and airway hyperresponsiveness. In addition, Socheongryong-tang (Xiaoqinglong-tang) also restored tissues injured by asthma so that respiratory function recovered. Conclusions: Amelioration of asthma by Socheongryong-tang (Xiaoqinglong-tang) is supported by objective and scientific evidence.