• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.143-152
• /
• 1999

Dansam, the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge, (Labiatae), has a bitter taste and a slightly 'cold' property, and is nontoxic. In the present study, effect of Dansam on nitric oxide (NO) generation from peritoneal macrophags was examined. Dansam had no effect on NO generation by itself, whereas recombinant interferon-${\gamma}\;(rIFN-{\gamma})$ alone had modest activity. When Dansam was used in combination with $rIFN-{\gamma}$, there was a marked cooperative induction of NO generation in a dose-dependent manner, The optimal effect of Dansam on NO generation was shown at 6 hr after treatment with $rIFN-{\gamma}$. Furthermore, the effect of Dansam was mainly dependent on Dansam-induced tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})$ secretion. These results suggest that Dansam induces NO generation from macrophages by the result of Dansam-induced $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.557-564
• /
• 2001

To determine effects of zinc on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines and Iymphokines in tumor-bearing ICR mice, this study has been investigated. Zinc chloride (Zn) at doses of 1 mg/kg was administered orally 30 minutes before i.p. injection of LPS (8 mg/kg) 5 times for 7 days. LPS greatly increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ and interleukin (IL)-1$\beta$, in both serum and splenic supernatants compared with those in controls. However Zn strongly decreased LPS-increased production of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-1$\beta$ in spleenic supernatants compared with those in controls and insignificantly also reduced in serum. LPS insignificantly decreased IL-2 levels in spleenic supernatants compared with those in controls but significantly increased interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ levels. Zn didn't affect IL-2 production in splenic supernatants compared to controls but significantly enhanced the LPS-decreased production of IL-2. Zn significantly increased IFN-${\gamma}$ levels in splenic supernatants compared to controls and did not affect the LPS-increased production of IFN-${\gamma}$. These findings suggest that Zn may strongly attenuate the LPS-induced pathogenesis of proinflammatory cytokines in tumor-bearing state and significantly up-regulate the LPS-induced function of T cells to produce IL-2 with maintaining normally the LPS- increased levels of IFN-${\gamma}$.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.122-127
• /
• 2005

A size exclusion chromatography (SEC) process, in the presence of denaturant in the refolding buffer was developed to refold recombinant human $interferon-\gamma$ ($rhIFN-\gamma$) at a high concentration. The $rhlFN-\gamma$ was overexpressed in E. coli resulting in the formation of inactive inclusion bodies (IBs). The IBs were first solubilized in 8 M urea as the denaturant, and then the refolding process performed by decreasing the urea concentration on the SEC column to suppress protein aggregation. The effects of the urea concentration, protein loading mode and column height during the refolding step were investigated. The combination of the buffer-exchange effect of SEC and a moderate urea concentration in the refolding buffer resulted in an efficient route for producing correctly folded $rhIFN-\gamma$, with protein recovery of $67.1\%$ and specific activity up to $1.2\times10^7\;IU/mg$.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 2013

The increase in the meat quality and milk production of cows, which breed Korean Native Cow (KNC) and Holstein cow, is not improving reproductive efficiency. In this study, we examined the effect of interferon (IFN) supplementation on motility of frozen-thawed semen and pregnancy rate after artificial insemination of KNC and Holstein cow. In experiment 1, we investigated the effect of IFN-tau concentration (10,000 IU and 20,000 IU) on the percentage of total motility (TM) and progressive motility (PM) of frozen-thawed spermatozoa. In experiment 2, KNC were infused 20,000 IU IFN-tau at insemination or after insemination. In experiment 3, KNC or Holstein cow were inseminated with frozen-thawed semen and infused 20,000 IU IFN-gamma or -tau after insemination. In experiment 1, the average of TM (23.9% to 30.9%) and PM (18.5% to 21.9%) were similar between control and treatments. In experiment 2, the pregnancy rates of IFN infusing times were not different from 45.8% to 53.6%. In experiment 3, the pregnancy rates of Holstein cow infused different kinds of IFN were similar (control, IFN-gamma, IFN-tau; 42.9%, 40.5%, 48.0%). In the case of KNC, however, the pregnancy rate of control was 55.6%, which was significantly lower than that of IFN-gamma (68.9%; p<0.05). Thus, IFN is effective on the improvement of reproductive efficiency, but further study is needed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.57 no.3
• /
• pp.226-233
• /
• 2004

Background : Interferon-gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) is a critical cytokine in the defense against a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Even though IFN-${\gamma}$ has occasionally been used in the treatment of refractory multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) with some promising results, there is still some controversy regarding the therapeutic efficacy of IFN-${\gamma}$. This study was performed to examine the effect of subcutaneous IFN-${\gamma}$ in the treatment of MDR-TB patients. Methods : Six patients with refractory MDR-TB were enrolled in this study. Two million IU of IFN-${\gamma}$ was administered subcutaneously three times a week with the concomitant administration of antituberculous drugs for at least for 28 weeks. During the IFN-${\gamma}$ therapy, the sputum smear and culture, radiological and clinical evaluations were performed every 4 weeks throughout the study period. Results : The mean age of the 6 patients was 37 years (ranges, 15-61 years). The drug susceptibility test to standard antituberculous drugs revealed resistance to an average of 6.8 (${\pm}1.2$) agents including isoniazid and rifampicin. An average of 10.8 (${\pm}1.3$) antituberculous drugs were prescribed before IFN-${\gamma}$ therapy. The culture became negative in 2 patients (33%) after initiating IFN-${\gamma}$ therapy; one at 8 weeks, and the other at 24 weeks. Finally, after stopping the IFN-${\gamma}$ therapy after 28 weeks, the culture became positive again in the two patients who were culture-negative. The other 4 patients who failed in the culture conversion are still on antituberculous treatment except for one who died of tuberculosis. Conclusion : Even though 28 weeks of subcutaneous IFN-${\gamma}$ therapy in combination with antituberculous drugs was successful in inducing the culture-negative conversion in some patients with refractory MDR-TB, the culture became positive again after stopping the IFN-${\gamma}$ therapy. This suggests that subcutaneous IFN-${\gamma}$ therapy may have suppressive effect on tuberculosis only during the IFN-${\gamma}$ therapy period in some patients. Further studies will be needed to determine the optimum dose, the administration route, the duration of therapy, and the predicting factors of the response to adjuvant IFN-${\gamma}$ therapy.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.12-18
• /
• 2002

Interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$) is well known as a potent inducer in monokine induced by IFN-${\gamma}$ (Mig) mRNA expression. Although lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone is weakly effective on Mig mRNA expression. the stimulation of LPS and IFN-${\gamma}$ (LPS/IFN-${\gamma}$ simultaneously has been shown to synergize to produce a high level of Mig mRNA in mouse peritoneal macrophages. In this study, interleukin-10 (IL-10) was found to suppress the LPS/IFN-${\gamma}$-induced Mig mRNA expression in cell type- and mouse strain-specific fashion, but IFN-${\gamma}$ alone-induced Mig mRNA was unaffected by IL-10 under identical experimental conditions. The IL-10-mediated suppression of LPS/IFN-${\gamma}$-stimulated Mig mRNA expression was dependent on the concentration of IL-10, and was prevented when the agent was added 2 hours after LPS/IFN-${\gamma}$ treatment. The suppressive action of IL-10 was dependent on a protein synthesis. However, IL-10 did not reduce the stability of LPS/IFN-${\gamma}$-induced Mig mRNA. These data may have important implications for a previously unrecognized role for IL-10 as a regulator of synergistic effect of LPS on the IFN-${\gamma}$-induced expression of the Mig gene in macrophages.

• The Zoological Society Korea : Newsletter
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.112.1-112
• /
• 1995

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2000.11a
• /
• pp.66-66
• /
• 2000

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.185-190
• /
• 1996

The TH cytokine responses of spleen cells stimulated with Con A from mice infected with Polasonimw westemcni were examined. The spleen cell culture supema- tants were assayed for TH1-specific $IFN-{\gamma}$ and TH2-specific IL-4. Cytokine responses for IL-4 peaked at three days ($410{\;}{\pm}{\;}60.9{\;}pg/ml$), persisted at a high level until the second week ($343{\;}{\pm}{\;}59.0{\;}pg/ml$), and then decreased slowly four and six weeks after infection. $IFN-{\gamma}$ production by splenocytes only increased during the first week ($151{\;}{\pm}{\;}32.3{\;}pg/ml$) and declined abruptly after the second week of infection. IFN- y production by splenocytes of infected mice was not observed during the sixth week of infection. In addition, serum IL-4 and $IFN-{\gamma}$ were measured. Serum IL-4 was not detected in substantial quantity until four to six weeks after infection. The time course of serum IL-4 was not correlated with that of IL-4 production by splenocytes. Serum $IFN-{\gamma}$ was undetectable during the entire course of infection. These results suggest that TH2 cytokine responses, rather than TH1, predominate in mice infected with P. westemcni.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.58 no.1
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2005

Background : Interferon-gamma ($IFN-{\gamma}$) is essential in the immune response to mycobacterial infections, and a complete or partial deficiency in the $IFN-{\gamma}$ receptor 1 ($IFN{\gamma}R1$) or the $IFN-{\gamma}$ receptor 2 ($IFN{\gamma}R2$) have been reported to confer susceptibility to a disseminated infection with nontuberculous mycobacteria. However, similar mutations in the $IFN-{\gamma}$ receptor have not been specifically examined in the patients with clinical tuberculosis. Methods : This study searched for mutations in the $IFN-{\gamma}$ receptor gene that resulted in a partial $IFN-{\gamma}$ receptor deficiency in six patients with disseminated tuberculosis. The previously identified $IFN{\gamma}R1$ and $IFN{\gamma}R2$ coding regions were sequenced after amplification. Results : There was no partial $IFN{\gamma}R1$ deficiency including a homozygous recessive missense mutation causing an amino-acid substitution in the extracellular domain of the receptor (I87T) and a hotspot for small deletions (818delT, 818del4, 818insA) found in any of the patients. In addition, a partial $IFN{\gamma}R2$ deficiency of the homozygous missense mutation (R114C) was not found in any of the patients. Conclusion : Genetic defects causing a partial $IFN-{\gamma}$ receptor deficiency were not identified in our patients with disseminated tuberculosis.