• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 1994

We obtained the total protein antibodies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCTC 1720 and Escherichia coli K-12 from the rabbit and the guinea pig to determine the host-derived proteins which may be remained in biotechnological products. The protein concentration of rabbit antibodies was 4.05 mg/mι in the case of yeast, 7.14 mg/mι in the case of E. coli and that of guinea pig antibodies was 1.90 mg/mι in the case of yeast, 7.17 mg/mι in the case of E. coli, respectively. To determine remained host-derived proteins in biotechnological products which produced by the hosts, S. cerevisiae or E. coli, we used a sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method in 96 well microplate. When the method applied to determine the remained host-derived proteins in commercial biotechnological products, it detected less than 3.5 ng/vial in human growth hormone, less than 1 ng/vial in hepatitis B vaccine and interferon-${\gamma}$ and 2~23 ng/vial in interferon-$\alpha$. The method can be used to determine the remained host-derived protein in biotechnological products.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.685-690
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• 2006

The effect of a main constituent ginsenoside Rg5 isolated from red ginseng and its metabolite ginsenoside Rh3 in a chronic dermatitis model was investigated. Ginsenosides Rg5 and Rh3 suppressed swelling of oxazolone-induced mouse ear contact dermatitis. These ginsenosides also reduced mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ and interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$. The inhibition of ginsenoside Rh3 was more potent than that of ginsenoside Rg5. These findings suggest that ginsenoside Rh3 metabolized from ginsenoside Rg5 may improve chronic dermatitis or psoriasis by the regulation of $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ produced by macrophage cells and of $IFN-{\gamma}$ produced by Th cells.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.464-468
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• 1999

In order to find less toxic antiviral agents from basidiomycetes, EA, the water soluble substance, was isolated from the carpophores of Elfvingia applanata (Pers.) Karst. Anti-encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus activity of EA was examined in Vero cells by plaque reduction assay in vitro. And the combined antiviral effects of EA with interferon (IFN) alpha and gamma were examined on the multiplication of EMC virus. EA exhibited a concentration-dependent reduction in the plaque formation of EMC virus with 50% effective concentration ($EC_{50}$) of 2.12 mg/ml. The results of combination assay were evaluated by the combination index (CI) that was analysed by the multiple drug effect analysis. The combination of EA with IFN alpha showed potent synergism with CI values of 0.40~0.60 for 50%, 70% and 90% effective levels, but that with IFN gamma showed antagonism with CI values of 2.16~2.83.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.390-395
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• 2008

Background: Since the early 1980s, interferon-alpha ($IFN-{\alpha}$) has been used as adjuvant therapy in pediatric patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). However, its efficacy in adults needs to be validated. Since 2002, Samsung Medical Center's guidelines have mandated regular injection of $IFN-{\alpha}$ in patients with RRP to prevent recurrence. To evaluate these guidelines, patient data were investigated. Methods: Five patients diagnosed as having RRP by bronchoscopy and histopathology were included. After initial bronchoscopic intervention, including laser cauterization, all patients received subcutaneous injection of 6 million units of $IFN-{\alpha}$ every 2 months. Further bronchoscopic intervention was carried out as needed. Patients were regularly evaluated using bronchoscopy or computed tomography. Results: The median age of the patients was 44 years (range 13~68), and the median duration of papillomatosis was 31 years (range 1~45). Three and two patients had juvenile-onset and adult-onset disease, respectively. Two patients had a history of tracheostomy at the time of diagnosis. The median duration of $IFN-{\alpha}$ therapy was 56 months (range 12~66). Two patients showed complete remission at 12 and 36 months after $IFN-{\alpha}$ injection, respectively. The other three patients showed partial remission, and the number of laser therapy sessions was significantly reduced.Conclusion: Intermittent $IFN-{\alpha}$ injection is effective in patients with long-standing RRP and can reduce the number of laser therapy sessions required in their treatment.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2005

In the present study, we expected the anti-tumor effect by combined treatment of arsenic trioxide and interferon (IFN)-${\alpha}$ on murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LL2) cells through in vivo study. As a experimental model, LL2 cells ($1{\times}10^{6}$/mouse) were injected subcutaneously into the back region of mice. When the tumor volume reached $100mm^3$, mice were treated with 1 mg/kg arsenic trioxide, 50000 IU IFN-${\alpha}$, or arsenic trioxide and IFN-${\alpha}$. The development of tumor cells was significantly inhibited by combined treatment with arsenic trioxide and IFN-${\alpha}$. In arsenic trioxide and IFN-${\alpha}$ treated group, apoptotic index was reached a peak valve at 48 hr after the treatment and it was restored to approximately the control level at 8 days. Also, positive signals of Bax and Bad were increased at 48 to 96 hr and decreased at 8 day. Whereas, positive cells of Bcl-2 were steadily decreased at 12 to 48 hr and restored to the background level at 8 days. Our data showed that immunoreactivity of Bcl-2 was decreased at 12 to 48 hr, while positive signals of Bax and Bad were increased in accordance with apoptotic index at these times. In conclusion, our results suggest that the combined treatment with arsenic trioxide and IFN-${\alpha}$ significantly inhibited the growth of LL2 tumor cells and induced apoptosis through the up and down-regulation of Bcl-2 gene family.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1453-1458
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• 2006

PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (PERK) is a type I transmembrane ER-resident protein containing a cytoplasmic catalytic domain with a Ser/Thr kinase activity, which is most closely related to the eukaryotic translation initiation factor-$2{\alpha}$ ($eIF2{\alpha}$) kinase PKR involved in the antiviral defense pathway by interferon. We cloned and expressed the PERK C-terminal kinase domain (cPERK) in Escherichia coli. Like PERK activation in cells under ER stress, wild-type cPERK underwent autophosphorylation when overexpressed in E. coli, whereas the cPERK(K621M) with a methionine substitution for the lysine at amino acid 621 lost the autophosphorylation activity. The activated form cPERK which was purified to near homogeneity, formed an oligomer and was able to trans-phosphorylate specifically its cellular substrate $eIF2{\alpha}$. Two-dimensional phosphoamino acids analysis revealed that phosphorylation of cPERK occurs at the Ser and Thr residues. The functionally active recombinant cPERK, and its inactive mutant should be useful for the analysis of biochemical functions of PERK and for the determination of their three-dimensional structures.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 1987

A teratogenicity study was carried out on Sprague-Dawley rats which have been given the intravenously or intraperitonealy injections of rHuIFN-${\alpha}$A, an available therapeutic agent, at dose levels of $1{\times}10^5$, $4{\times}10^5$ and $1.2{\times}10^6$ I.U/kg/day for a period of 11 days from day 7 to day 17 of gestation. Two-thirds of the pregnant females in each group were sacrificed on day 20 of gestation and their fetuses were examined. The remaining dams were allowed to litter naturally, and the postnatal development of the off springs was observed. No changes were observed in all aspects of parameters between the treated and the control dams. The incidence of external, internal, and skeletal anomalies were not significantly increased in the fetuses of any treated groups. The rHuIFN-${\alpha}A$ caused no effects on parturition, lactation, and postnatal growth.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.23 no.2 s.41
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• pp.229-248
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• 1993

[ $Interferon-\gamma$ ] has been suggested as a cytokine of connective tissue stabilizer. In addition, it has also been demonstrated that this cytokine inhibited bone remodeling activities of the bone derived cells. In order to illuminate the effects of this cytokine in orthodontic force induced bone remodeling, it was administered to primary cultured periodontal ligament cells which have been known to have some osteoblast like characteristics. $Interferon-\gamma$ slightly decreased $[^3H]thymidine$ incorporation rate without a significant change in the total cellular DNA content up to 1000 U/ml, which meant these doses were not cytotoxic to the cell. Total protein synthesis was not influenced by various concentration of interferon-y whether it was determined by the $[^3H]proline$ incorporation rate or by the Lowry smethod. The effect of $interferon-\gamma$ on the individual protein was, however, differential, ie, it increased $[^3H]proline$ incorporation into the noncollagenous protein marginally, while it decreased $[^3H]proline$ incorporation into the collagen, so that it caused dose-dependent suppression of the relative collagen synthesis. On the contrary, the fibronectin synthesis determined by the ELISA was increased by 1000 U/ml of $interferon-\gamma$. The differential effects of the interferon-y on the collagen and fibronectin synthesis exhibited not only their protein level but also the steady state mRNA level. $Interferon-\gamma$ decreased steady state level of ${\alpha}1(I)$ procollagen mRNA significantly, while showing no significant changes in the fibronectin mRNA level. In addition to this, it was also found that indomethacin did not affect on the $interferon-\gamma$ induced collagen decrease in this cell, which meant prostaglandins were not involed in the process of $interferon-\gamma$ induced collagen decrease. So it can be concluded that the incubation of periodontal ligament cells with 1000 U/ml of $interferon-\gamma$ for 24 hr showed differential effects on the type I collagen and fibronectin gene expression. The decrease in relative collagen synthesis in the protein level was related with decrease in the steady state level of mRNA, while the increase in the fibronectin synthesis in the protein level was not correlated with the mRNA level.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.70-74
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• 2013

L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is one of the well-known antiviral agents, especially to influenza virus. Since the in vivo antiviral effect is still controversial, we investigated whether vitamin C could regulate influenza virus infection in vivo by using Gulo (-/-) mice, which cannot synthesize vitamin C like humans. First, we found that vitamin C-insufficient Gulo (-/-) mice expired within 1 week after intranasal inoculation of influenza virus (H3N2/Hongkong). Viral titers in the lung of vitamin C-insufficient Gulo (-/-) mice were definitely increased but production of anti-viral cytokine, interferon (IFN)-${\alpha}/{\beta}$, was decreased. On the contrary, the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lung and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ and interleukin (IL)-${\alpha}/{\beta}$, were increased in the lung. Taken together, vitamin C shows in vivo antiviral immune responses at the early time of infection, especially against influenza virus, through increased production of IFN-${\alpha}/{\beta}$.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.150-154
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• 2016

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is present in a high proportion of patients with kidney transplantation. Compared with uninfected kidney transplant recipients, HCV infected kidney recipient have higher prevalence of liver disease and worse allograft survival after transplantation. Interferon monotherapy before transplantation is standard therapy for HCV-infected kidney transplant candidates. If HCV infection is discovered after transplantation, interferon monotherapy is considered due to the limited critical situation. However, in this patient, who was a kidney recipient, HCV infection was treated after kidney transplantation with peginterferon-${\alpha}$ and rivabirin. As a result, the patient achieved sustained virologic response.