• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.120-125
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• 1994

We obtained the total protein antibodies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCTC 1720 and Escherichia coli K-12 from the rabbit and the guinea pig to determine the host-derived proteins which may be remained in biotechnological products. The protein concentration of rabbit antibodies was 4.05 mg/mι in the case of yeast, 7.14 mg/mι in the case of E. coli and that of guinea pig antibodies was 1.90 mg/mι in the case of yeast, 7.17 mg/mι in the case of E. coli, respectively. To determine remained host-derived proteins in biotechnological products which produced by the hosts, S. cerevisiae or E. coli, we used a sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method in 96 well microplate. When the method applied to determine the remained host-derived proteins in commercial biotechnological products, it detected less than 3.5 ng/vial in human growth hormone, less than 1 ng/vial in hepatitis B vaccine and interferon-${\gamma}$ and 2~23 ng/vial in interferon-$\alpha$. The method can be used to determine the remained host-derived protein in biotechnological products.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.685-690
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• 2006

The effect of a main constituent ginsenoside Rg5 isolated from red ginseng and its metabolite ginsenoside Rh3 in a chronic dermatitis model was investigated. Ginsenosides Rg5 and Rh3 suppressed swelling of oxazolone-induced mouse ear contact dermatitis. These ginsenosides also reduced mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ and interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$. The inhibition of ginsenoside Rh3 was more potent than that of ginsenoside Rg5. These findings suggest that ginsenoside Rh3 metabolized from ginsenoside Rg5 may improve chronic dermatitis or psoriasis by the regulation of $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ produced by macrophage cells and of $IFN-{\gamma}$ produced by Th cells.

• 약학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.464-468
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• 1999

In order to find less toxic antiviral agents from basidiomycetes, EA, the water soluble substance, was isolated from the carpophores of Elfvingia applanata (Pers.) Karst. Anti-encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus activity of EA was examined in Vero cells by plaque reduction assay in vitro. And the combined antiviral effects of EA with interferon (IFN) alpha and gamma were examined on the multiplication of EMC virus. EA exhibited a concentration-dependent reduction in the plaque formation of EMC virus with 50% effective concentration ($EC_{50}$) of 2.12 mg/ml. The results of combination assay were evaluated by the combination index (CI) that was analysed by the multiple drug effect analysis. The combination of EA with IFN alpha showed potent synergism with CI values of 0.40~0.60 for 50%, 70% and 90% effective levels, but that with IFN gamma showed antagonism with CI values of 2.16~2.83.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.390-395
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• 2008

연구배경: 재발성 호흡기계 유두종증은 기관을 따라 다발성 유두종이 반복적으로 재발하는 매우 드문 질환이다. 1980년대 이후, 소아의 재발성 유두종증에 보조적 치료로 인터페론이 사용되어 왔다. 그러나, 성인 환자에서의 유효성 등에 대하여는 많은 연구 등이 필요하다. 2002년 이후, 삼성서울병원에서는 성인의 재발성 호흡기계 유두종증 환자들에서 재발을 예방하기 위해, 인터페론을 사용하여 왔다. 이에 본 저자들은 재발성 호흡기계 유두종증 성인 환자에서 인터페론의 장기간 사용 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 기관지내시경과 조직학적으로 확인된 5명의 재발성 호흡기계 유두종증 환자에서 타 병원에서 치료한 기록 등을 포함한 의무기록 등을 조사하였다. 레이저 소작술을 포함한 치료적 기관지내시경 시술 후, 모든 환자는 2개월 간격으로 인터페론-알파 600만 단위를 피하주사 하였다. 추가적인 치료적 기관지내시경 시술은 추적 검사 중 환자의 증상 등을 확인하여 필요 시 시행하였으며, 기관지 내시경 또는 켬퓨터 단층 촬영 등을 추적 조사하였다. 결 과: 모든 환자들의 연령의 중앙값은 44세(범위 13~68세), 남녀비는 3 : 2, 유두종증 기간의 중앙값은 31년(범위 1~45년)이었다. 소아형과 성인형 유두종증은 각각 3명과 2명이었으며, 2명의 환자는 진단 당시 기관절개술을 시행 받았던 과거력이 있었다. 인터페론 치료기간의 중앙값은 56개월(범위 12~66개월)이었다. 인터페론 치료 후 2명의 환자는 12개월과 36개월에 각각 완전완화를 보였으며, 나머지 3명의 환자는 부분완화를 보여 레이저 치료의 횟수가 중요하게 감소하였다. 결 론: 재발성 호흡기계 유두종증 환자에서 인터페론의 보조적 치료의 적정 용량과 기간 등은 향후 더 많은 연구 등을 필요로 하며, 오랜 기간 지속된 성인의 재발성 호흡기계 유두종증 환자에서 2개월 간격의 인터페론의 치료는 안정적이며 효과적이다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2005

In the present study, we expected the anti-tumor effect by combined treatment of arsenic trioxide and interferon (IFN)-${\alpha}$ on murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LL2) cells through in vivo study. As a experimental model, LL2 cells ($1{\times}10^{6}$/mouse) were injected subcutaneously into the back region of mice. When the tumor volume reached $100mm^3$, mice were treated with 1 mg/kg arsenic trioxide, 50000 IU IFN-${\alpha}$, or arsenic trioxide and IFN-${\alpha}$. The development of tumor cells was significantly inhibited by combined treatment with arsenic trioxide and IFN-${\alpha}$. In arsenic trioxide and IFN-${\alpha}$ treated group, apoptotic index was reached a peak valve at 48 hr after the treatment and it was restored to approximately the control level at 8 days. Also, positive signals of Bax and Bad were increased at 48 to 96 hr and decreased at 8 day. Whereas, positive cells of Bcl-2 were steadily decreased at 12 to 48 hr and restored to the background level at 8 days. Our data showed that immunoreactivity of Bcl-2 was decreased at 12 to 48 hr, while positive signals of Bax and Bad were increased in accordance with apoptotic index at these times. In conclusion, our results suggest that the combined treatment with arsenic trioxide and IFN-${\alpha}$ significantly inhibited the growth of LL2 tumor cells and induced apoptosis through the up and down-regulation of Bcl-2 gene family.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1453-1458
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• 2006

PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (PERK) is a type I transmembrane ER-resident protein containing a cytoplasmic catalytic domain with a Ser/Thr kinase activity, which is most closely related to the eukaryotic translation initiation factor-$2{\alpha}$ ($eIF2{\alpha}$) kinase PKR involved in the antiviral defense pathway by interferon. We cloned and expressed the PERK C-terminal kinase domain (cPERK) in Escherichia coli. Like PERK activation in cells under ER stress, wild-type cPERK underwent autophosphorylation when overexpressed in E. coli, whereas the cPERK(K621M) with a methionine substitution for the lysine at amino acid 621 lost the autophosphorylation activity. The activated form cPERK which was purified to near homogeneity, formed an oligomer and was able to trans-phosphorylate specifically its cellular substrate $eIF2{\alpha}$. Two-dimensional phosphoamino acids analysis revealed that phosphorylation of cPERK occurs at the Ser and Thr residues. The functionally active recombinant cPERK, and its inactive mutant should be useful for the analysis of biochemical functions of PERK and for the determination of their three-dimensional structures.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 1987

A teratogenicity study was carried out on Sprague-Dawley rats which have been given the intravenously or intraperitonealy injections of rHuIFN-${\alpha}$A, an available therapeutic agent, at dose levels of $1{\times}10^5$, $4{\times}10^5$ and $1.2{\times}10^6$ I.U/kg/day for a period of 11 days from day 7 to day 17 of gestation. Two-thirds of the pregnant females in each group were sacrificed on day 20 of gestation and their fetuses were examined. The remaining dams were allowed to litter naturally, and the postnatal development of the off springs was observed. No changes were observed in all aspects of parameters between the treated and the control dams. The incidence of external, internal, and skeletal anomalies were not significantly increased in the fetuses of any treated groups. The rHuIFN-${\alpha}A$ caused no effects on parturition, lactation, and postnatal growth.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.229-248
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• 1993

결합 조직의 대사를 억제하고, 골조직이나 골세포의 골기질 대사 역시 억제하는 것으로 알려져 있는 $Interferon-\gamma(IFN-\gamma)$의 교정치료에의 이용 가능성을 평가하기 위하여, 교정력에 의한 골 개조 과정에서 중심적 역할을 하는 것으로 알려진 치주인대 세포를 primary culture하여 배양된 세포에 $IFN-\gamma$를 투여함으로써 이것이 골조직 기질의 합성능에 미치는 영향에 대하여 관찰하였다. $IFN-\gamma$는 세포의 DNA합성능을 약하게 증가시켰으며, 세포내 DNA 총량에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 따라서 이 실험에서 사용한 용량의 $IFN-\gamma$는 세포에 독성이 없다고 할 수 있으며, 다른 결합조직 세포에서 나타나는 항증식 효과와는 반대되는 결과였다. $IFN-\gamma$는 비교원성 단백질(NCP)의 합성을 증가시키는 양상을 나타내었으나, 교원질(CDP)의 합성은 감소시키는 경향을 보여, 총단백질에 대한 교원질의 합성비율은 $IFN-\gamma$에 의해 용량 의존적으로 감소하였다. 또한 교원질의 mRNA양은 단백질 합성과 유관하게 $IFN-\gamma$에 의해 억제되었다. 따라서 $IFN-\gamma$는 교원질 합성의 전사과정 혹은 그 이후의 과정에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상할 수 있다. 한편 Indomethacin의 투여로 $IFN-\gamma$에 의해 억제된 교원질의 합성이 영향을 받지 않았기 때문에 $IFN-\gamma$에 의한 교원질 합성 과정에 prostaglandin이 관련되지 않았음을 알 수 있었다. 반면 fibronectin의 합성은 10 및 100 U/ml의 $IFN-\gamma$ 투여시에는 영향을 받지 않았으나, 1000U/ml의 $IFN-\gamma$투여시에는 유의한 증가를 나타내어, 교원질에서와는 다른 영향을 나타내었다. 또한 mRNA steady state level에서도 $IFN-\gamma$는 교원질의에서와는 달리 fibronectin mRNA 양에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 즉 $IFN-\gamma$ fibronectin 유전자 발현에 영향을 미치는 부위는 전사나, 전사후 변형단계가 아닌 단백질 합성단계에서 영향을 미침을 보여주었다. 따라서 $IFN-\gamma$ 교원질과 fibronectin합성 조절 영향을 미치는 부위 서로 다름을 알 수 있겠다. Alkaline phospatase의 활성은 10-1000 U/ml의 $IFN-\gamma$를 투여시 약하게 증가시키는 경향을 보였으나 석회화가 일어날 정도로 높게 증가시키지는 못했다. 따라서 $IFN-\gamma$는 골기질의 주성분인 type I 교원질의 합성을 선택적으로 억제하는 기능과 alkaline phosphatase의 활성을 크게 증가시키지 못한 점 등으로 미루어 볼 때, 골개조를 억제하는 방향으로 작용한다고 볼 수 있으며, 교정치료 과정중 골개조를 억제하는 부위에서 사용을 시도해 볼 수 있겠다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.70-74
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• 2013

L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is one of the well-known antiviral agents, especially to influenza virus. Since the in vivo antiviral effect is still controversial, we investigated whether vitamin C could regulate influenza virus infection in vivo by using Gulo (-/-) mice, which cannot synthesize vitamin C like humans. First, we found that vitamin C-insufficient Gulo (-/-) mice expired within 1 week after intranasal inoculation of influenza virus (H3N2/Hongkong). Viral titers in the lung of vitamin C-insufficient Gulo (-/-) mice were definitely increased but production of anti-viral cytokine, interferon (IFN)-${\alpha}/{\beta}$, was decreased. On the contrary, the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lung and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ and interleukin (IL)-${\alpha}/{\beta}$, were increased in the lung. Taken together, vitamin C shows in vivo antiviral immune responses at the early time of infection, especially against influenza virus, through increased production of IFN-${\alpha}/{\beta}$.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.150-154
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• 2016

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is present in a high proportion of patients with kidney transplantation. Compared with uninfected kidney transplant recipients, HCV infected kidney recipient have higher prevalence of liver disease and worse allograft survival after transplantation. Interferon monotherapy before transplantation is standard therapy for HCV-infected kidney transplant candidates. If HCV infection is discovered after transplantation, interferon monotherapy is considered due to the limited critical situation. However, in this patient, who was a kidney recipient, HCV infection was treated after kidney transplantation with peginterferon-${\alpha}$ and rivabirin. As a result, the patient achieved sustained virologic response.