• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.49
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• pp.435-459
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• 2011

The electronic trade(e-Trade) revolution is changing the international trade processes dramatically. It permits new kinds of interactions among exporting and importing firms as well as internally within the firms. Ever since the Internet became a popular communications medium in the 1990s, lawmakers have struggled to develop rules for determining which courts can hear disputes involving parties in different choice of law and jurisdictions. In conclusion, I suggest an ongoing research agenda for further refining and developing a more comprehensive cosmopolitan approach. Certainly, as these cases make clear, reconceptualizing the principles underlying court to-court relations is essential in a world where the idea of a transnational community of courts is fast becoming one of the dominant realities of twenty-first century law.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.8
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• pp.138-154
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to propose up-cycling fashion designs, based on guidelines derived from up-cycling fashion brand products and their required elements of the design. The study thus categorized required elements into environment, significance, economy, function, design, and material, then extracted a set of design guidelines. The guidelines for waste resource-based up-cycling fashion design include the followings: First, authenticity, taking mutual environmental relations into account. Second, rarity of products beyond the domain of standardized ready-made goods thanks to manual operation. Third, storytelling, reflecting the consumer history. Fourth, sustainability to signify the circulation of matters. Fifth, experimental characteristic to fulfill creative innovation. Sixth, changeability through interactions with wearers. The investigator decided design concepts based on them and created up-cycling design works with waste plastic bags, shirts, stockings, neckties, outdoor mats, and backpacks in a variety of formative expressive techniques.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.133-160
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• 2010

This study aims to analyze marital satisfaction over the family life course and to find its determinants in Korea and Japan. The data for this study came from nationwide representative sample surveys on family in these two countries including 5,308 Korean and 4,920 Japanese men and women living with their spouses. In order to see the cultural difference and similarity in marital relations, the effects of education, income, employment, marriage gradients (normative patterns between the spouses), family stress, and quality of conjugal interactions on Korean and Japanese couples' marital satisfaction were examined. It was found that the marital satisfaction showed a U-shape pattern for both Korean and Japanese couples. In both countries husbands tend to have higher marital satisfaction than wives over the entire life course. The most important determinants of Korean and Japanese couples' marital satisfaction are good qualities of conjugal interactions including deep trust and concerns for spouse and sex life satisfaction. For Korean couples good conjugal interactions is better predictor of marital satisfaction than sex life, while for Japanese couples sex life is more important determinant of marital satisfaction.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.36.1-36.1
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• 2013

I present a simple scheme for the treatment of gravitational interactions on galactic scales. In analogy with known mechanisms of quantum field theory, I assume ad hoc that gravitation is mediated by virtual exchange particles - gravitons - with very small but non-zero masses. The scheme predicts the asymptotic flattening of galactic rotation curves, the Tully-Fisher/Faber-Jackson relations, the mass discrepancy-acceleration relation of galaxies, and the surface brightness-acceleration relation of galaxies correctly; additional (dark) mass components are not required. The well-established empirical scaling laws of Modified Newtonian Dynamics follow naturally from the model. The scheme I present is not a consistent theory of gravitation; rather, it is a toy model providing a convenient scaling law that simplifies the description of gravity on galactic scales.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.335-353
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• 2010

Following the emergence of a knowledge-based economy, the triple helix model has been recognized as a new - regional and national - innovation model. This model seeks to understand the innovation process that is centered upon the university-industry-government interactions. The governance of the triple helix innovation system can be divided into three models according to the structure and depth of university-industry-government interactions. In the context of evolution, the triple helix can be established through the following three processes of development; i) internal transformation of each helix, ii) impacts of one helix on another helix, and iii) horizontal interactions among three helices. In theory, the triple helix model can be covered as part of the innovation system perspective. Compared to the innovation system perspective, the triple helix model tends to pay, however, more attention to the incompleteness of innovation system and the role of university in the process of knowledge creation. In view of regional innovation, the triple helix can be sustained when the triple helix spaces, including knowledge space, consensus space and innovation space, are created and the three triple helix spaces interact with one another. The existing literature on the triple helix model tends to make selectively use of only a single method between the qualitative method and the quantitative method, although both have shortcomings to reveal the dynamic characteristics of university-industry-government relations. Therefore, research on the triple helix is required to reconcile with two research methods, which are distinct but complementary in nature.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.113-138
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• 2014

Despite the growing numbers of regional problems (e.g. conflicts between the state and localities, inter-local conflicts, etc.) associated with the state-led developmental projects, the Korean social sciences have been unable to offer satisfying explanations and solutions to the regional problems. This is mainly because the existing works, which have been taken captured by the assumptions of "methodological nationalism", significantly lack the socio-spatial understandings of the state actions and the relations between the state and localities, thereby seeing the issues of regional development mainly in terms of either the economic efficiency defined at the national scale, or the plan rationality of the national bureaucrats. With this problem orientation in mind, this paper aims to explore the ways in which the state and localities are interacting, conflicting and negotiating with one another through the mediation of the state-led developmental projects. Focusing on the developmental processes of Masan Export Processing Zone from the mid-1960s to the early 1970s, it examines the multi-scalar processes through which the state-led industrial complex developmental processes have been influenced by the complex and dynamic interactions among social forces and actors acting at diverse geographical scales (e.g. the global, national, local, urban, etc.). This analysis shows that the regional policies of the Korean developmental state were more heavily influenced by the interactions, contestations, and collaborations among social forces and actors, acting in and through the state, at various geographical scales, rather than by the economic and techno-bureaucratic rationality.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.474-492
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• 2007

In the protein interaction network, there are many meaningful functional modules, each involving several protein interactions to perform discrete functions. Pathways and protein complexes are the examples of the functional modules. In this paper, we propose a new method for detecting the functional modules based on concept. A conceptual functional module, briefly concept module is introduced to match the modules taking them as its instances. It is defined by the corresponding rule composed of triples and operators between the triples. The triples represent conceptual relations reifying the protein interactions of a module, and the operators specify the structure of the module with the relations. Furthermore, users can define a composite concept module by the counterpart rule which, in turn, is defined in terms of the predefined rules. The concept module makes it possible to detect functional modules that are conceptually similar as well as structurally identical to users' queries. The rules are managed in the XML format so that they can be easily applied to other networks of different species. In this paper, we also provide a visualized environment for intuitionally describing complexly structured rules.

• Carbon letters
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• v.28
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• pp.24-30
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• 2018

Coke aggregates and carbon artifacts were produced to investigate the interactions of coke and pitch during the kneading process. In addition, the kneading ratio of the coke and binder pitch for the coke aggregates was controlled to identify the formation of voids and pores during carbonization at $900^{\circ}C$. Experiments and thermogravimetric analysis revealed that carbon yields were improved over the theoretical yield calculated by the weight loss of the coke and binder pitch; the improvement was due to the binding interactions between the coke particles and binder pitch by the kneading process. The true, apparent, and bulk densities fluctuated according to the kneading ratio. This study confirmed that an excessive or insufficient kneading ratio decreases the density with degradation of the packing characteristics. The porosity analysis indicated that formation of voids and pores by the binder pitch increased the porosity after carbonization. Image analysis confirmed that the kneading ratio affected the formation of the coke domains and the voids and pores, which revealed the relations among the carbon yields, density, and porosity.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between toddler's negative emotionality, parenting behavior, and the moderating roles of mother's personality. The participants in this study consisted of 221 mothers of toddlers (aged from 18 to 35months) in Seoul. The participants completed questionnaires on toddler's negative emotionality, their personality and parenting behavior. The collected data were mainly analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test, Pearson's correlation and the multiple regression analysis. The main findings of this study were as follows. First, there was a significant difference in the negative parenting behavior according to the mother's educational level. Second, relations between individual variables and parenting behavior were analyzed. As a result, number of children, mother's age, toddler's negative emotionality, and mother's personality were significantly correlated with parenting behavior. Third, through the analysis of the moderating effect of the mother's personality on the relationship between the toddler's negative emotionality and parenting behavior, it was found that interactions between the mother's neuroticism and the toddlers' negative emotionality affected the mother's warm parenting behavior. And interactions between the mother's extraversion and the toddlers's negative emotionality affected the mother's rejection parenting behavior. The results of this study provide basic data to support mothers' positive parenting behavior.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.971-984
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyse the relations among the residents' characteristics, the policy of the facility, and the physical characteristics of activity areas, and to understand the elements for the lively use of activity areas in the elderly nursing facilities. The results of the study are as follows: First, there was a relationship between the characteristics of semi-public activity areas and the residents' management-control policy. The facilities having semi-public areas of living room type showed more flexibility in time and place and more respects for the residents. Second, the activity areas of connection type were much more used than the compartment type, especially in the facilities having more residents incapable of walking. On the other hand, the facilities having high control for the residents showed high using rate in public activity areas, and all those did not have semi-public areas or showed low using rate in there. Third, in the analysis of the relationship between the physical characteristics and the using rate of activity areas, the public activity areas having compartment type in the spatial composition and hall as a form were likely to have multiple usages. On the whole, the various form of activity areas, the area per residents, openness, accessibility and centrality were having interactions each other for high using rate in activity areas. Especially, many stimulations and the furniture arrangements that were good for the residents' interactions had a function of compensation for the poor physical characteristics of activity areas. This study investigated only the using rates to understand the lively use of the space. For the future study, it is suggested that the detail using behavior of the residents should be examined to understand the influential elements.