• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1183-1189
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• 2009

85 individual Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora (Rosaceae) were sampled to examine the genetic diversity and population structure of S. prunifolia for. simpliciflora populations. Inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) produced 65 polymorphic loci and identified 78 ISSR genotypes. Three multilocus genotypes were shared by more than one plant within a population. Total genetic diversity values ($H_T$) and inter-locus variation in the within-population genetic diversity ($H_S$) were 0.293 and 0.183, respectively. On a per-locus basis, the proportion of total genetic variation due to differences among populations ($G_{ST}$) was 0.373. This indicated that about 37.3% of the total variation was among populations. ISSR markers are very effective in classifying natural population levels of S. prunifolia for. simpliciflora in Korea. In addition, insights into the relative gene diversity among and within populations of S. prunifolia for. simpliciflora would be useful in plant breeding and also for the development of strategies for ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.3
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• pp.422-428
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• 1998

Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-based inter-simple sequence repeats(I-SSR) markers were analyzed in 48 megagametophytes of a single tree of Abies koreana $W_{ILS}$. Nineteen of the 35 primers, screened with 6 megagametophyte DNA and produced the clearest amplification products in the preliminary experiment, were used for PCR with 48 megagametophyte DNAs sampled from a single tree. On the basis of the chi-square test, a total of 51 amplicons, amplified by the 19 primers, were revealed to be segregated according to the Mendelian ratio(i.e., 1 : 1 segregation ratio) in the 48 megagametophytes at 5% significance level. Based on the linkage analysis, the observed 51 Mendelian loci turned out to be unlinked each other, which suggested that they are evenly distributed in the genome. However, majority of RAPD markers are known to belong to the independent linkage blocks, which frequently results in the amplification of RAPD markers from the restricted regions of the genome. Owing to the nature of even distribution of the 51 loci observed in this study, the I-SSR markers could give better resolution of estimating genetic diversity from the whole genome than RAPD markers. And I-SSR markers are also more suitable than RAPD markers for reconstructing phylogenetic relationship by a cladistic method which requires to fulfil the assumption of independent evolution of the different characters.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.157-161
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• 2006

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.329-330
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• 2012

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.440-446
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• 2012

Gastrodia elata, an achlorophyllous orchid plant, is rare medicinal plant. We investigated the genetic diversity in G. elata from 4 locations by using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers. Shannon's information Index (S.I.) indicating genetic diversity ranged from 0.255 (Pocheon) to 0.322 (Muju) with the mean of 0.29. The level of genetic diversity was lower than other plant and most genetic diversity was allocated among individuals within populations (26.81%). The UPGMA dendrogram based on genetic distance failed in showing decisive geographic relationship. In the case of gastrodin (GA), the major components in G. elata, Sangju was highest. The ergothionine (ERG) was detected a lot of contents in Muju and Pocheon. In conclusion, our results is very important information for explaining relationship of genetic variation and functional substances without the effects of environment factors and developing genetic marker by ISSR in G. elata, which may be responsible for the development of breeds with a lot of functional substance in G. elata.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.56-62
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• 2020

Mulberry (Morus spp. family: Moraceae) has prime importance in the sericulture industry, and its foliage is the only natural feed of the silkworm Bombyx mori L. Traditional classification methods using morphological traits were largely unsuccessful in assessing the diversity and relationships among different mulberry species because of environmental influences on the traits of interest. For these reasons, it is difficult to differentiate between the varieties and cultivars of Morus spp. In the present study, inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity of 48 mulberry samples genotyped using nine ISSR primers. The ISSR markers exhibited polymorphisms (53.2%) among mulberry genotypes. Furthermore, similarity coefficient estimated for these ISSR markers was found to vary between 0.67 and 0.99 for the combined pooled data. The phenogram drawn using the UPGMA cluster method based on combined pooled data of the ISSR markers divided the 48 mulberry genotypes into seven major groups. No genetic association was found in the collection area, and there was a mixed pattern between the mulberry lines. The hybridization between different mulberry species is highly likely to be homogenized due to natural hybridization.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2008

Acrylamide is present as a contaminant in heated food products, predominantly from the precursor asparagine. Nonanchored inter simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) are arbitrary multiloci markers produced by PCR amplification with a microsatellite primer. In order to assess the feasibility of microsatellite primers as markers for DNA damage, the study was conducted on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) exposed to different concentrations of acrylamide. Polymorphisms were abundant among plant samples treated with acrylamide in comparison to control (untreated one) tested with 4- tri-nucleotide, 2 tetra-nucleotide, and 3- dinucelotide primers. The primer (CCG)4 was the best tested primer to generate polymorphism between the DNA of plants treated or not by acrylamide. Polymorphisms became evident as the presence and absence of DNA fragments in treated samples compared with the untreated one. The highest number of DNA variation on ISSR patterns was observed at the micromollar concentrations of acrylamide. Acrylamide was able to induce DNA damage in non concentration-dependent manner with effectiveness at micromollar concentrations. This study demonstrated that ISSR markers can be highly reliable for identification of DNA damage induced by acrylamide.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.753-758
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• 2008

Genus Hemerocallis is a herbaceous species and some species among their taxa are very important herbal medicines. We evaluated representative samples of the eight taxa in Korea with inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers to estimate phylogenetic relationships within taxa of this genus. The studied taxa were Hemerocallis fulva L., H. fulva for. kwanso, H. dumortieri Morren, H. coreana Nakai, H. hongdoensis M.G.Chung & S.S.Kang, H. middendorffi Trautv. et Mayer, H. thunbergii Baker, H. minor Miller. In addition, we investigated the genetic variation and structure of Korean populations of these taxa. The mean genetic diversity was 0.098 across species, varying from 0.068 to 0.123. A low level of genetic variation was found in populations of Hemerocallis species. Specially, gene diversity for H. minor was maintained the highest among genus Hemerocallis. An indirect estimate of the number of migrants per generation (Nm=0.218) indicated that gene flow was not extensive among Korean populations of Hemerocallis species. The phylogenic tree showed distinct three clades. One includes H. fulva, H. fulva for. kwanso and H. middendorffi. Another includes three Hemerocallis species, H. dumortieri, H. thunbergii and H. minor. The H. coreana and H. hongdoensis were shown as the sister group to the second clades. Although the size of sampling was not large enough for eight Korean Hemerocallis species, the analyses of ISSRs will certainly provide an enhanced view on the phylogeny of species.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.214-218
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• 2009

Platycodon grandiflorum is a long-lived herbaceous and one of the very important herbal medicine and foods. P. grandiflorum is called do-ra-ji in Korea. Inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers were performed in order to analyse the phenetic relationships of four accessions of P. grandiflorum. Wild groups had higher expected diversity, 0.164 for Korean and 0.157 for Chinese accessions than those of cultivated groups, 0.079 for Korea and 0.059 for China. The total genetic diversity in P. grandiflorum was 0.268 across species and the value was lower than average values for species with similar life history traits. The patchy distribution and domestication are proposed as possible factors contributing to low genetic diversity. An assessment of the proportion of diversity within species, HAccession/HSpecies, indicated that about 57.1% the total genetic diversity was among species. Thus, the majority of genetic variation (42.9%) resided within accessions. The estimated Nm (the number of migrants per generation) was very low among four accessions (mean Nm = 0.376). The low estimate of Nm indicated that gene flow was not extensive among four accessions. ISSR01-02 locus can be recognized as an unique locus of Korean groups (wild and cultivated accessions). Thus the locus can be used to distinguish Korean accessions from Chinese accessions. ISSR04-06 locus was found specific to Chinese groups (wild and cultivated accessions) and was not shown in Korean accessions. Although the size of sampling was not large enough for P. grandiflorum, the analyses of ISSRs will certainly provide an enhanced view on the phylogeny of accessions.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.467-478
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• 2008

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and interSSR (ISSR) marker systems were used in this study to reveal genetic changes induced by artificial selection for short/long larval duration in the tropical strain Nistari of the silkworm Bombyx mori. Artificial selection separated longer larval duration (LLD) ($29.428{\pm}0.723days$) and shorter larval duration (SLD) ($22.573{\pm}0.839days$) lines from a base, inbred population of Nistari (larval span of $23.143{\pm}0.35days$). SSR polymorphism was observed between the LLD and SLD lines at one microsatellite locus, Bmsat106 ($CA_7$) and at two loci of 1074 bp and 823 bp generated with the ISSR primer UBC873. Each of these loci was present only in the LLD line. The loci segregated in the third generation of selection and were fixed in opposite directions. In the $F_2$ generation of the $LLD{\times}SLD$ lines, the alleles of Bmsat106 and $UBC873_{1074bp}$ segregated in a 1:1 ratio and the loci were present only in the LLD individuals. $UBC873_{823bp}$ was homozygous. Single factor ANOVA showed a significant association between the segregating loci and longer larval duration. Together, the two alleles contributed to an 18% increase in larval duration. The nucleotide sequences of the $UBC873_{1074bp}$ and $UBC873_{823bp}$ loci had 67% A/T content and consisted of direct, reverse, complementary and palindromic repeats. The repeats appeared to be "nested" (59%) in larger repeats or as clustered elements adjacent to other repeats. Of 203 microsatellites identified, dinucleotides (67.8%) predominated and were rich in A/T and T/A motifs. The sequences of the $UBC873_{1074bp}$ and $UBC873_{823bp}$ loci showed similarity (E = 0.0) to contigs located in Scaffold 010774 and Scaffold 000139, respectively, of the B. mori genome. BLASTN analysis of the $UBC873_{1074bp}$ sequence showed significant homology of (nt.) 45-122 with upstream region of three exons from Bombyx. The complete sequence of this locus showed ~49% nucleotide conservation with transposon 412 of Drosophila melanogaster and the Ikirara insertions of Anopheles gambiae. The A + T richness and lack of coding potential of these small loci, and their absence in the SLD line, reflect the active process of genetic change associated with the switch to short larval duration as an adaptation to the tropics.