• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.9-18
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• 2010

High performance is required with small size and low power in the mobile embedded system. A CORDIC algorithm can compute transcendental functions effectively with only small adders and shifters and is suitable one for the mobile embedded system. However CORDIC unit has performance degradation according due to iterative inter-rotations. Adder design is an important design unit to be optimized for a high performance and low power CORDIC unit. It is necessary to explore the design space of a CORDIC unit considering trade-offs of an adder unit while satisfying delay, area and power constraints. In this paper, we suggest a CORDIC architecture employing a heterogeneous adder and an optimization methodology for producing better optimal tradeoff points of CORDIC designs.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.113-190
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to perform empirical studies on the impact of pollution intensity on international competitiveness using 1993 and 1998 data, and to estimate the change in environmental regulation level faced by the firms during 1993~1998. Collecting relevant data and providing them for further studies in the area are another purposes of the paper. The first method is the regression of various indices of international competitiveness on factor costs, such as labor, capital, R&D and pollution abatement costs. Goal of the regression analysis is to estimate the scarcity and comparative advantage effect of each production factor, especially environmental resource. Regression results show that those industries which employ more environmental resource have higher comparative advantage in both years, which implies that Korean firms are endowed with abundant environmental resource compared to other countries. The second method is to compute the relative scarcity indices(HOVL indices) of production factors, proposed by Leamer based on Vanek's generalized Hecksher-Ohlin Theorem. This method estimates the relative scarcity of production factors by computing factor costs embodied in import and export of commodities. This method shows similar results as the regression method; i.e., trade pattern of production factors implies that the manufacturing sector in Korea is endowed with abundant environmental resource compared to other countries. Considering population density, water resource endowment, intensity of economic activity per unit area and current air and water pollution levels, it is evident that Korea is never endowed with abundant environmental resource compared to other countries. Then the abundance of environmental resource revealed by the trade patterns of commodities and production factors implies that Korea's environmental regulation level is excessively generous compared to environmental capacity, and that this increased the environmental resource endowment supplied to firms and thus distorted the inter-industry comparative advantages. Both regression and HOVL methods, on the other hand, show that overall environmental regulation level faced by the firms has been strengthened during 1993~1998.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.225-232
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• 2012

Purpose: Accurate monitoring of information from various agricultural vehicles is one of the most important factors for appropriate management strategy of field operations. While there has been a number of study and design on applications of sensors and actuators for data acquisition and control system in tractor, incompatibility between various customized hardware and software has become a major obstacle to the universal deployment in real field operation. International standard for implementation of electronic control unit (ECU) in agricultural vehicles has becoming a mandatory requirement for inter-operation compatibility in the international trade of agricultural vehicle industries. The ISO 11783 standard is basically based upon well known communication technology designated using the controller area network (CAN) bus. While CAN bus could provide 1.0 Mbps of communication speed, the standard only recommended 250 kbps. Methods: This study presents the implementation and evaluation of ISO 11783 for tractor electronic control units (TECU)with a higher transmission rate from multiple ECU than 250 kbps. Throughput and loss rate of the developed prototype were calculated across manipulated bus load for laboratory experimental tests, and the maximum requirement of transmission rate by ISO 11873 was satisfied with lower than 60% of bus load. Results: Field tests with a TECU implemented to process messages from global positioning system (GPS) receiver resulted that the root mean square error of position information was lower than 4 m with 0.5 m/s as a travelling speed. Conclusions: Results of this study represent the utilization of the international standard ISO 11783 to providepractical developments in terms with the inter-operability of TECU.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.9-20
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• 2006

Due the globalization trends of industry environment, not only fashion companies of the developed countries but also those of NICs and the developing countries are pursuing to globalize their businesses. This study was conducted (i) to identify the characteristics of international marketing mix of Korean fashion companies operating in oversea fashion markets and (ii) to analyze the performance of Korean fashion companies related to international marketing mix. The data were collected from inter-Korean fashion enterprises. A questionnaire was distributed to a person in charge of international division/international trade division who doing business in domestic market and a person in charge of a local subsidiary in oversea market. The methods of analysis used in this study were factor analysis, cluster analysis, and one-way ANOVA. The results of this study are as follows: First, according to factor analysis and cluser analysis, Korean fashion companies were classified in four (4) clusters. The fashion companies in Cluster I put their priority on price. The companies in Cluster II are traditional fashion companies which have relatively low power of product and price. The companies in Cluster III put their priority on product, and the companies in Cluster IV put their priority on local market. Second, according to ANOVA, a growth rate of sales make significant difference among 4 clusters and Clusters II and III were comparatively high in performance.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.3-24
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• 2014

When the Korean Wave was sweeping over China, Asia, Other Countries, Some people worried that the ambiguity of the copyright act would obstruct export of the entertainment contents. To solve this problem, the copyright authentication was introduced in the copyright act, enforcement for its, etc. There are two authentication systems at copyright. One is right authentication protected by copyright, Other one is licence authentication received from the owner. This study is meant to seeking the problem of insufficient regulation related to copyright authentication. According to analysis of FGI in this study, the existing system does not support a proper and specific way how to suggest a long term perspective in the transaction of Korean Contents between Korea and China. The key to success of copyright authentication system between Korea and China depends upon the implementation of the system of copyright mutual authentication. To do so, In reality, laws, institutions, technologies, policies, and operations, etc. should be Inter-operability. Also we should realize that this system gives mutual benefits at transaction between the two countries. Thus, it is important for two countries to effort trade cooperation continuously.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.27-47
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• 2015

In this paper, we present a new empirical method to estimate the environmental efficiency of decision making units. We propose a model with a new approach that describes a network process consisting of two stages, production and wastewater abatement based on the data extracted from 51 Korean industrial complexes. Taking into account the inter-dependency of two stages, we show a process how to decompose the environmental efficiency into production efficiency and abatement efficiency. Moreover, our new proposed method can be used to explain the information on network relationship between economic growth and environmental protection.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.57-73
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• 1993

Subject : The Practical Use of UN Standard Message for cargo flow EDI Writer : Park, Nam Kyu and Lee, Tae Woo It's necessary to prepare standard message which is agreed on among trading partners for EDI in container transport industry. Now KMPA is carrying out the EDI Project for establishing Korea Logistics Network. It is important to make standard message of documents using in transport industry to succesfully accomodate EDI. The objective of this study is to find out the method of UN standard message utility in Korea. For this study, the UN message guideline is primarily reviewed, and the process that Shipping Request being used in Hanjin Shipping Co. Ltd. is applied to UNSMs as case study. Generally the data format of EDIFACT is so complex and broad for inter-industry standard that the abstract of data format is usually used. Therefore, it is necessary to make the subset of standard message for Shipping Request in ocean industry. In the result of this study, that the ocean industry can use the subset of IFTMBF for Shipping Request is proved, and the subset is suggested. This thesis will contribute toward showing the practical way of standardrization of 350 documents using in trade, customs and transport sectors.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1533-1545
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• 1996

In this paper, the design and implementation of echo canceller with new variable step size algorithm is discussed. The method used in the new algorithm is to periodically adopt the test function which helps an optimal coefficient tracking. This algorithm outperforms LMS and VS algorithms in convergence speed and steady state error. As the period of test function is decreased, the speed of convergence is improved, but the number of calculation is increased, then the trade off between these parameters must be considered. Simulation results show new algorithm outperforms LMS and VS algorithms in convergence rate. For the design of hardware, circuit is designed with VHDL, and synthesized with Act1 withc is a FPGA library of ActelTM in use of synovation of InterGraph$^{TM}$. Verification of the synthesized circuit is carried out with simulator DLAB. The circuit based on the algorithm which is suggested in this paper calculated 7 radix places of inary number. A simulation data for the verification is based on the data of algorithm simulation. When the same input data is applied to the both simulation, output results of circuit simulation had slight difference in compare with that of algorithm simulation. The number of used gate is about 5,500 and We have 5.53MHz in maximum frequency.y.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 2008

This paper analyzes a broadcasting technique for wireless multi-hop sensor networks that uses a form of cooperative diversity called opportunistic large arrays (OLAs). We propose a method for autonomous scheduling of the nodes, which limits the nodes that relay and saves as much as 32% of the transmit energy compared to other broadcast approaches, without requiring global positioning system (GPS), individual node addressing, or inter-node interaction. This energy-saving is a result of cross-layer interaction, in the sense that the medium access control (MAC) and routing functions are partially executed in the physical (PHY) layer. Our proposed method is called OLA with a transmission threshold (OLA-T), where a node compares its received power to a threshold to decide if it should forward. We also investigate OLA with variable threshold (OLA-VT), which optimizes the thresholds as a function of level. OLA-T and OLA-VT are compared with OLA broadcasting without a transmission threshold, each in their minimum energy configuration, using an analytical method under the orthogonal and continuum assumptions. The trade-off between the number of OLA levels (or hops) required to achieve successful network broadcast and transmission energy saved is investigated. The results based on the analytical assumptions are confirmed with Monte Carlo simulations.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.147-162
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• 2003

The technique of information-communication rapidly developed has made it possible for us to do business through Internet. Electronic commerce was increased rapidly by the explosive development of the inter and communication revolution. E-Commerce has created a fundamentally new way of conduction and will change drastically accepted ways of doing business. Normally international trade has been formulated in a way that exporters and importers meet face-to-face and contract and pay by letter of credits. For the global electronic commerce to vitalized, the outstanding matters should encourage the creation of infrastructure of information security and new models in the field of electronic payment systems, electronic commerce agreement for remedy, adapting electronic date interchange in transport documents and negotiability of electronic bills of lading. The payment systems such as electronic fund transfers, tradecard system and electronic letters of credits issued by SWIFT system permit the parties concerned(sellers, buyers ad service providers) to settle payment electronically. Still they are many limitations for complete international electronic transactions. The following measures have to be taken to vitalize electronic trade transactions. It is needed to acquire information security such as authenticity, integrity, non-repudiation and confidentiality. All kinds of documents need to be replaced by electronic date exchange and the legal structure of international convention, national law for electronic payment systems have to be completed. Also a detailed guide of the banking operation and developing rules for electronic letters of credits need to be provided to adopt eUCP rules for the electronic presentation of documents.