• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.53-83
• /
• 2023

The investment agreement prepared at the beginning of inter-Korean economic cooperation in 2000 can be evaluated as very ineffective as a product of mutual political and diplomatic compromise rather than an effective protection for our investment assets. South Korean companies suffered a lot of losses due to the freezing of assets in the Geumgang mountain district and the closure of the Kaeseung Industrial Complex, but they did not receive practical damage relief due to institutional vulnerabilities. Currently, North Korea is under international economic sanctions of the UN Security Council, so it is true that the resumption of inter-Korean economic cooperation is far away, but North Korea's human resources and geographical location are still attractive investment destinations for us. Therefore, if strained relations between the two Koreas recover in the future and international economic sanctions on North Korea are eased, Korean companies' investment in North Korea will resume. However, the previous inter-Korean investment agreement system was a fictional systemthat was ineffective. Therefore, if these safety devices are not reorganized when economic cooperation resumes, unfair damage to Korean companies will be repeated again. The core of the improved investment guarantee system is not a bilateral system between the two Koreas, but the establishment of a multilateral system through North Korea's inclusion in the international economy. Specifically, it includes encouraging North Korea to join international agreements for the execution of arbitration decisions, securing subrogation rights through membership of international insurance groups such as MIGA, creating matching funds by international financial organizations. Through this new approach, it will be possible to improve the safety of Korean companies' investment in North Korea, and ultimately, it will be necessary to lay the foundation for mutual development through economic cooperation between the two Koreas.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.4
• /
• pp.39-60
• /
• 1977

The purpose of this study is to build a model of inter-library cooperation's network in the information of library materials. Results of this study are 1. The YTational Assembly Library and the Central National I, ibrar:; should be unified. 2. The unified organization should be organized its cooperative quarter for itself (in the Central National Library). .And every library should he organized his quarter and personnel for the inter-library cooperation. 3. The cooperatior, organization in the re~ion should organized by the Regional Central Public Library. 4. In case of the Central National Library, financial problems required of the performance in the inter-library cooperation should he charged equally among the Central National Library, the library belong to the reader and the reader. In case of the regional Central Public Library, it should be charged equally arnozlg the regional Central Public Library, the library belon-g' to the reader and the reader. 5. The Regional Central Public Library in the seat of provincial government should be managed the cooperation's work of the individual library, and upward the unified Central Xarional Library should generalize. 6. The purchase of materials should be done by the character of the each library 1r:ith the assignment of the each subject should be decided in the meeting of the each library personne!. -2nd the budget for purchasing per the year should be decided on the minimum by the circumstances of the each library regionally. 7. The unified Regional Central Public Library in the seat of provincial government should be charged of the Union Catalog's expense regionally, and the Central National Library should be charged of that National Union Catalog's expense to cumulative the Fegional Union Catalog within a definite period of time. 8. Books without presentation of a specimen copy to the unified Central National Library should be purchased, and r.cr 'oe included to the National Union Catalog. 9. The cooperation of the each library should be decided on the law, and considered the character of the each region.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.76-87
• /
• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to draw priorities for candidate projects so that future inter-Korean traditional medicine cooperation can be promoted efficiently and effectively. Methods: This study used the Delphi-AHP method to derive priorities for the inter-Korean traditional medicine cooperation project. First, 33 candidate projects were selected through a data survey. In addition, the priority importance score was calculated through a 2-round mini-Delphi survey of 20 experts. The importance of 33 candidate projects was calculated by three evaluation criteria, and the weights for these three evaluation criteria were derived through the AHP method. Results: As for the weight by item, 'feasibility' was the highest with 0.6749 points, followed by 'social ripple effect' (0.1811) and 'instrumentality' (0.1439). As a result of calculating the importance score by reflecting the weight of the evaluation criteria for each project, the South's sole project, "Understanding the Status of North Korea's Korean Medicine," was the top priority, followed by the "Establishment of Strategy for Inter-Korean Traditional Medicine and Cooperation." Conclusions: As a result of this study, experts now believe that it is important to prioritize the highly feasible South Korean independent project in the field of traditional medicine between the two Koreas. This will serve as the basis for promoting cooperative projects in the event of future changes in the inter-Korean situation.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.3-31
• /
• 2019

In order to achieve full-scale economic cooperation between North Korea and South Korea, the Gaesong Industrial Complex should reopen first. In this case, the Inter-Korean commercial arbitration system should be clearly established to effectively resolve the disputes arising in the special economic zones of the Gaesong Industrial Complex. Even though the Inter-Korean Investment Security Agreement, the Agreement on the Resolution of Commercial Disputes between North Korea and South Korea, the Agreement on the Formation and Operation of the Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee, and the Agreement on the Formation and Operation of the Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee in the Gaesong Industrial District are in place, specific arbitration procedure is not concretely agreed upon and realized between the two Koreas. Therefore, the realization of commercial arbitration between them led by the Ministry of Unification or the government should be accomplished. In addition, it is necessary to consider the administrative trial or administrative litigation system in order to deal with administrative disputes that are not subject to commercial arbitration. Lastly, discussions on legal integration between the two Koreas should continue, focusing on the special economic zone of the Gaesong Industrial Complex, in order to prevent integration from being hindered by a different culture for a long time.

• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.327-344
• /
• 2019

This paper explores the hub-and-spoke system as the structure of the global economic network that presents obstacles for international cooperation. With its exclusive jurisdiction and control over the hub, a powerful state can employ coercive economic measures to compel and deter unwanted behavior of rogue states and even its allies. Against this backdrop, this study analyzes the cases of the US blocking access to its market by Chinese Huawei as well as the case of Japan in restricting trade for highly advanced goods to South Korea. This analysis reveals that both measures are forms of secondary boycotts, which affect not only the entities within their jurisdiction but also others located in third countries. In addition, this paper extends its findings to free trade agreements and offers implications on the outward processing scheme for the Gaeseong Industrial Complex in the KORUS FTA and the Korea-China FTA. These events result in a gray-risk for South Korea, a country that aims to resolve North Korea's denuclearization and inter-Korean economic cooperation.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.221-231
• /
• 2007

SCM system is required inter-industrial cooperation as well as inter-organizational cooperation. It means not only standardization of inter-organization but also standardization of inter-industry. SCM makes possible one circulation from fiber to retail industry in the respects of information and product flows. QR is the SCM of textile apparel industry, which satisfy customer need with least cost and maximum profit. Customer-oriented supply chain system focused on information sharing, cost reduction, inventory control, lead time reduction, quick response on customer demand. How we can measure the performance of successful SCM is issued on the approach of Balanced Scorecard which evaluates 4 perspectives such as customer perspective, internal business perspective, financial perspective, and innovation and learning perspective. This can project the blueprint of textile fashion business to right direction with vision.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.483-490
• /
• 2020

This study aims to construct an ecological community and lay the foundation for sustainable development in the Korean Peninsula by promoting cooperation between the South and North Korea in the non-political and no-military natural environment sector under the rapidly changing inter-Korean relations. It analyzed South Korea's aid and international cooperation projects in natural environmental sectors in North Korea and examined North Korea's national plan and the cooperation projects that North Korea proposed to the international community to identify potential cooperation projects. It selected 15 potential cooperation projects and 6 crucial factors to be considered in prioritizing the projects through case studies and the first expert survey (five persons). The six crucial factors were i) urgency, ⅱ) linkage between North and South Korea (ecological community in the Korean Peninsula), ⅲ) contribution to sustainable development (prosperity), i) North Korea's acceptability, ⅴ) cooperation conditions and budget, and ⅵ) project sustainability. The second expert survey (14 persons) focused on prioritizing the 15 potential inter-Korean cooperation projects in line with six crucial factors. The 15 potential inter-Korean cooperation projects in the natural environment were comprehensively reviewed and scored based on the six crucial factors. The resulting priority projects were identified as follow: i) Mt. Seorak - Mt. Keumgang International Peace Park, ⅱ) support and cooperation for agro-forestry, ⅲ) joint conservation projects for internationally important migratory birds (such as Black-faced Spoonbills and Cranes), iv) inter-Korean ecotourism linkage and promotion, and ⅴ) establishment of integrated information system on leading ecosystems and biodiversity in the Korean Peninsula. The priority cooperation projects presented in this study are based on the perception of experts engaged in inter-Korean natural environmental cooperation in consideration of existing cooperation cases and conditions. For the actual implementation of these potential projects, a systematic approach, including the formation of consensus between North and South Koreas and the creation of a cooperative network with suitable partners suitable for each project's characteristics, would be needed.

• 사회경제평론
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.29-53
• /
• 2018

This study provides a model of inter-Korean economic cooperation suggesting that economic cooperation should be centered on industrial cooperation. As an independent economic zone, the two Koreas will go through a gradual and functional process of cooperation. Also, economic convergence through 'openness and integration' of both markets is a pre-requisite of successful economic integration on the Korean peninsula. This success of the process requires industrialization of North Korea. This study suggests a model of 'the Corea Industrial Development Community on the Korean Peninsula. It aims to support industrialization of the North Korean economy as well as promotion of South Korea's SME competitiveness. It would help meet the demand for improvement of living conditions of North Korean people. Main policy measures includes: 1) co-effort to develop North Korea's provincial industrial zones, 2) upgrading North Korea's 'Jangmadang' into a highly efficient distribution market. Finally, through the construction of the Joint Industrial Development Zone, it is necessary to create a production sharing module for both Korea's industries.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.259-277
• /
• 2011

In 2008, North Korea revised its Foreign Economic Arbitration Act. To some extent, the new Act reflected such international standard of arbitration as UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules. In this paper, the said Act will be evaluated, and then cooperation ways of South-North Korea on Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration will be suggested. In 2007, the Ministry of Unification has designated the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board as Inter-Korean Arbitration Committee and has made efforts to prepare follow-up measures on the two Agreements of Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration. In 2008 however, the follow-up measures has in fact been suspended. In order to revitalize the Inter-Korean commercial arbitration, some prerequisites must be satisfied. First, Inter-Korean Arbitration Committee for Inter-Korean commercial arbitration should re-open as soon as possible. Second, as North Korea recently shows interest in joining the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards(now so called New York Convention), Governmental Authority of Rep. of Korea should also actively assist and support their joining in New York Convention. Third, both Korean governments should carry out joint study on raising the efficiency of the arbitration system which they will use. Fourth, comparative study on arbitration systems used in both countries should be conducted. Also, it may is very timely to discuss the issue in international arbitration community such as "North-East Asia International Arbitration Conference" or other similar events. In conclusion, continuous study on prevention of commercial disputes between South-North Korea and ways to resolve disputes when they arise should be conducted.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.11 no.2 s.40
• /
• pp.329-339
• /
• 2006

This study did not only raise the necessity of inter-governmental cooperative relations, but explored the plans to induce the more desirable cooperative relations. Accordingly, the study aimed to explore the plans to induce the desirable inter-local governmental cooperative system for festering and developing the sound local governmental system by the indexes of human cooperative capacity as policy means for establishing inter-governmental cooperative relations. The findings show that the behavioral factors of local administrators in the process of inter-local governmental cooperation are characterized by the fact that they belong to the necessary factors for inter-governmental cooperation, though different in extent. Based on this, the present study is expected to lay groundwork for the empirical studies of behavioral characteristics of local administrators in the future.