• 제목/요약/키워드: Inter comparison

검색결과 504건 처리시간 0.034초

On Assessing Inter-observer Agreement Independent of Variables' Measuring Units

  • Um, Yong-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.529-536
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    • 2006
  • Investigators use either Euclidean distance or volume of a simplex defined composed of data points as agreement index to measure chance-corrected agreement among observers for multivariate interval data. The agreement coefficient proposed by Um(2004) is based on a volume of a simplex and does not depend on the variables' measuring units. We consider a comparison of Um(2004)'s agreement coefficient with others based on two unit-free distance measures, Pearson distance and Mahalanobis distance. Comparison among them is made using hypothetical data set.

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Intra-Rater and Inter-Rater Reliability of Brain Surface Intensity Model (BSIM)-Based Cortical Thickness Analysis Using 3T MRI

  • Jeon, Ji Young;Moon, Won-Jin;Moon, Yeon-Sil;Han, Seol-Heui
    • Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.168-177
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    • 2015
  • Purpose: Brain surface intensity model (BSIM)-based cortical thickness analysis does not require complicated 3D segmentation of brain gray/white matters. Instead, this technique uses the local intensity profile to compute cortical thickness. The aim of the present study was to evaluate intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of BSIM-based cortical thickness analysis using images from elderly participants. Materials and Methods: Fifteen healthy elderly participants (ages, 55-84 years) were included in this study. High-resolution 3D T1-spoiled gradient recalled-echo (SPGR) images were obtained using 3T MRI. BSIM-based processing steps included an inhomogeneity correction, intensity normalization, skull stripping, atlas registration, extraction of intensity profiles, and calculation of cortical thickness. Processing steps were automatic, with the exception of semiautomatic skull stripping. Individual cortical thicknesses were compared to a database indicating mean cortical thickness of healthy adults, in order to produce Z-score thinning maps. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated in order to evaluate inter-rater and intra-rater reliabilities. Results: ICCs for intra-rater reliability were excellent, ranging from 0.751-0.940 in brain regions except the right occipital, left anterior cingulate, and left and right cerebellum (ICCs = 0.65-0.741). Although ICCs for inter-rater reliability were fair to excellent in most regions, poor inter-rater correlations were observed for the cingulate and occipital regions. Processing time, including manual skull stripping, was $17.07{\pm}3.43min$. Z-score maps for all participants indicated that cortical thicknesses were not significantly different from those in the comparison databases of healthy adults. Conclusion: BSIM-based cortical thickness measurements provide acceptable intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. We therefore suggest BSIM-based cortical thickness analysis as an adjunct clinical tool to detect cortical atrophy.

경계면 물성치에 따른 말뚝 거동 분석 - 근거리 사진계측을 이용한 모형시험과 수치해석 비교 (Investigation of Pile Behaviour according to Interface Properties - Comparison between Pile Model Test Using Close Range Photogrammetry and Numerical Analysis)

  • 이정민;이용주
    • 한국지반공학회논문집
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    • 제30권9호
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    • pp.29-39
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구는 지반과 말뚝 사이의 경계면 물성치에 따른 말뚝의 거동을 파악하기 위하여, 말뚝 모형시험 결과와 유한요소해석 결과를 이용하여 비교 분석하였다. 모형시험은 말뚝이 침하함에 따른 주변 지반의 거동을 파악하기 위하여 근거리 사진계측 기법을 적용하였으며, 강재와 콘크리트로 제작 된 각각의 말뚝으로 시험을 수행하였다. 수치해석은 모형시험을 근거로 모델링 하였으며, 지반과 말뚝 사이의 미끄러짐을 모사하기 위하여 경계면 요소를 이용하였다. 또한 경계면 강도감소계수 $R_{inter}$를 이용하여 경계면 요소의 물성치를 나타내었으며, 이 값을 바꿔가며 모형시험 결과와 비교하였다. 본 연구를 통해 근거리 사진계측 기법과 수치해석 결과가 어느 정도 잘 일치하는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한, 말뚝의 재료에 따른 경계면 강도감소계수 $R_{inter}$ 값이 말뚝 거동에 영향을 주는 것을 확인하였다.

지반조건에 따른 말뚝의 인발저항 평가를 위한 말뚝-지반 경계면 강도감소계수 고찰 (A Study on Strength Reduction Factor of Pile-soil Interface for Evaluation of Pile Pullout Resistance by Soil Condition)

  • 유승경;신희수;이광우;박정준;최충락;홍기권
    • 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.45-54
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구에서는 원지반의 상대밀도와 세립분 함유율의 조건에 따른 말뚝의 인발거동 특성 규명을 위하여, 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 수치해석에서는 말뚝과 지반 경계에서의 전단거동을 원활히 모사하기 위해서 경계요소와 경계면 강도감소계수($R_{inter}$)를 부여하였으며, 그 결과를 기존의 실험적 연구결과(You et al., 2018)와 비교함으로써 본 수치해석 방법의 신뢰성을 검증하였고, 말뚝-지반 경계면에서의 변형 특성과 함께 경계요소에 대한 $R_{inter}$값의 결정방법을 제시하였다. 해석 결과, 본 연구에서 적용된 해석모델을 이용한 수치해석은 말뚝의 인발모형실험에 의한 말뚝과 지반의 경계면 특성을 적절하게 모사하였다. 또한 제시된 $R_{inter}$의 적용에 있어서, 반드시 지반의 상대밀도와 세립분 함유율 조건을 고려해야 할 필요가 있음을 확인하였다.

생체시료 중 중금속 및 유기용제 대사물 분석의 실험실간 정도관리 프로그램 (Inter-laboratory Comparison for Analyses of Heavy Metals and Organic Solvent Metabolites in Biological Samples)

  • 양정선;이미영;박인정;강성규
    • 분석과학
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.258-267
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    • 2000
  • 1995년부터 실시해 온 산업보건 분야의 '유해물질 및 대사물 분석의 실험실간 정도관리 프로그램'(공식명: 특수건강진단기관 분석정도관리)의 5년간 실시 경과와 결과를 보고하고, 고찰을 통하여 우리나라 산업보건분야 실험실 서비스의 질관리를 위한 앞으로의 방향 등을 제시하고자 한다. 산업현장에서 많이 쓰이는 4가지 혈중 중금속과 5가지 유기용제 대사물에 대하여 연구원에서 제조된 표준시료를 분배하고 결과 분석값과 크로마토그람 등 관련 자료들을 분석하여 참가기관에 대한 분석능력 평가를 실시하였다. 연 2회 실시된 정도관리 결과는 인터넷 등을 통하여 고시하여 산업보건 관련 실험실들의 자율적인 질관리 서비스 경쟁을 유도하고, 관련 실험실 서비스의 사용자인 근로자, 사업주, 산업보건 관련자들의 알 권리를 충족시켜, 실험실의 분석데이타에 대한 객관적인 신뢰도를 확보하고 산업보건 서비스의 질 향상에 크게 기여하였다.

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무릎 연골 두께 아틀라스를 통한 손상 평가 기법 (Knee Cartilage Defect Assessment using Cartilage Thickness Atlas)

  • 이용우;;안천수;신지태
    • 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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    • 제36권2호
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    • pp.43-47
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    • 2015
  • Osteoarthritis is the most common chronic joint disease in the world. With its progression, cartilage thickness tends to diminish, which causes severe pain to human being. One way to examine the stage of osteoarthritis is to measure the cartilage thickness. When it comes to inter-subject study, however, it is not easy task to compare cartilage thickness since every human being has different cartilage structure. In this paper, we propose a method to assess cartilage defect using MRI inter-subject thickness comparison. First, we used manual segmentation method to build accurate atlas images and each segmented image was labeled as articular surface and bone-cartilage interface in order to measure the thickness. Secondly, each point in the bone-cartilage interface was assigned the measured thickness so that the thickness does not change after registration. We used affine transformation and SyGN to get deformation fields which were then applied to thickness images to have cartilage thickness atlas. In this way, it is possible to investigate pixel-by-pixel thickness comparison. Lastly, the atlas images were made according to their osteoarthritis grade which indicates the degree of its progression. The result atlas images were compared using the analysis of variance in order to verify the validity of our method. The result shows that a significant difference is existed among them with p < 0.001.

A Subthreshold Slope and Low-frequency Noise Characteristics in Charge Trap Flash Memories with Gate-All-Around and Planar Structure

  • Lee, Myoung-Sun;Joe, Sung-Min;Yun, Jang-Gn;Shin, Hyung-Cheol;Park, Byung-Gook;Park, Sang-Sik;Lee, Jong-Ho
    • JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.360-369
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    • 2012
  • The causes of showing different subthreshold slopes (SS) in programmed and erased states for two different charge trap flash (CTF) memory devices, SONOS type flash memory with gate-all-around (GAA) structure and TANOS type NAND flash memory with planar structure were investigated. To analyze the difference in SSs, TCAD simulation and low-frequency noise (LFN) measurement were fulfilled. The device simulation was performed to compare SSs considering the gate electric field effect to the channel and to check the localized trapped charge distribution effect in nitride layer while the comparison of noise power spectrum was carried out to inspect the generation of interface traps ($N_{IT}$). When each cell in the measured two memory devices is erased, the normalized LFN power is increased by one order of magnitude, which is attributed to the generation of $N_{IT}$ originated by the movement of hydrogen species ($h^*$) from the interface. As a result, the SS is degraded for the GAA SONOS memory device when erased where the $N_{IT}$ generation is a prominent factor. However, the TANOS memory cell is relatively immune to the SS degradation effect induced by the generated $N_{IT}$.

적극적 노년생활과 세대 간 가족관계 - 노일일자리사업 데이터를 활용한 실증분석 - (Active Ageing and Inter-Generational Relationship: Empirical Evidence from Public Job Creation Program for Elderly)

  • 이석원
    • 한국정책학회보
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.337-361
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구는 노인의 사회적 고립과 외로움을 치유할 수 있는 세대 간 가족관계를 국가가 적극적 노년정책 수단을 통해 개선을 유도하는 것이 가능하다는 실증적 증거를 제공하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위한 실증분석의 핵심과제는 역방향의 인과관계의 존재에 의한 선택편의를 통제하는 작업이며 이를 위하여 '적격비참여자'로 비교집단을 구성하여 도구변수로 실증모형을 추정하는 전략을 채택하였다. 분석결과 노년기의 생활패턴이 적극적으로 변화함에 따라 자녀들과의 가족관계는 경제적 연대측면이나 유대적 연대측면 모두에서 유의미하게 개선되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 이러한 개선효과는 자녀세대와 동거하지 않는 노인부모들에게 집중되어 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 세대 간 가족관계의 개선이 적극적 노년정책의 새로운 편익으로 추가될 수 있는 실증적 근거를 제시하였다는데 정책적 의미를 갖는다.

Global Mobility Management Scheme for Seamless Mobile Multicasting Service Support in PMIPv6 Networks

  • Song, Myungseok;Cho, Jun-Dong;Jeong, Jong-Pil
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.637-658
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    • 2015
  • The development of multimedia applications has followed the development of high-speed networks. By improving the performance of mobile devices, it is possible to provide high-transfer-speed broadband and seamless mobile multicasting services between indoor and outdoor environments. Multicasting services support efficient group communications. However, mobile multicasting services have two constraints: tunnel convergence and handoff latency. In order to solve these problems, many protocols and handoff methods have been studied. In this paper, we propose inter local mobility anchor (inter-LMA) optimized handoff model for mobile multicasting services in proxy mobility IPv6 based (PMIPv6-based) networks. The proposed model removes the tunnel convergence issue and reduces the router processing costs. Further, it the proposed model allows for the execution of fast handoff operations with adaptive transmission mechanisms. In addition, the proposed scheme exhibits low packet delivery costs and handoff latency in comparison with existing schemes and ensures fast handoff when moving the inter-LMA domain.