• 한국항해학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.61-78
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• 1993

Large offshore structure are to be considered for oil storage facilities , marine terminals, power plants, offshore airports, industrial complexes and recreational facilities. Some of them have already been constructed. Some of the envisioned structures will be of the artificial-island type, in which the bulk of structures may act as significant barriers to normal waves and the prediction of the wave intensity will be of importance for design of structure. The present study deals wave scattering problem combining reflection and diffraction of waves due to the shape of the impermeable rigid upright structure, subject to the excitation of a plane simple harmonic wave coming from infinity. In this study, a finite difference technique for the numerical solution is applied to the boundary integral equation obtained for wave potential. The numerical solution is verified with the analytic solution. The model is applied to various structures, such as the detached breakwater (3L${\times}$0.1L), bird-type breakwater(318L${\times}$0.17L), cylinder-type and crescent -type structure (2.89L${\times}$0.6L, 0.8L${\times}$0.26L).The result are presented in wave height amplification factors and wave height diagram. Also, the amplification factors across the structure or 1 or 2 wavelengths away from the structure are compared with each given case. From the numerical simulation for the various boundary types of structure, we could figure out the transformation pattern of waves and predict the waves and predict the wave intensity in the vicinity of large artificial structures.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2000

In previously study we isolated several fish matrix attachment regions (MARs) capable of replicating the plasmid by itself. In this study we construct a fish expression vector pBaEGFP(+) containing mud loach ${\beta}$-actin promoter EGFP as reporter gene and SV40 signal. To analyze the effects of the fish expression vector respectively. The fish ARS containing constructs pBaEGFP(+)-ARSs were transfected cells with pBaEGFP(+)-ARS101 and pBaEGFP(+)-ARS223 reduced 10 days to 25 days and then was constant to 30 days after transfection while that of the control vector without ARS element was basal level. The intensity of both constructs showed about 30fold of the intensity compared with the control vector on 30days after transfection individually .E. coli back-transformation analysis shows that pBaEGFP(+)-ARS223 and pBaEGFP(+)-ARS905 maintain in episomal state at least 30 days after transfection. The result indicates that both may be able to replicate the vector in BF-2 cell. Therefore the matrix-attached ARSs enhancing expression of the reporter gene might be useful as a component o the expression vector for transgenic studies.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.458-462
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• 2008

In this paper, we investigated the (002) preferred orientation and morphology characteristics of AlN thin film by using reactive rf sputtering. Additionally, AlN thin films grown in the range from 150 to 300 W were studied under room temperature without substrate heating and post annealing. Sputtered AlN thin films were well grown on Si substrates and the (002) main peak in XRD patterns showed the highest intensity at 300 W with $0.25^{\circ}$ degree of full width at half-maximum (FWHM). As increased RF power, the surface roughness was increased from 1.0 to 3.4 nm. In Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), $A_1$ (TO) and $E_1$ (TO) mode closed to AlN thin film confirmed the changes with increasing the intensity rate. From these results, we could confirm a chance of the growth of AlN thin film by only low temperature.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.1231-1236
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• 2006

영상의 화질을 개선하기 위한 많은 방법 중 비교적 간단하게 사용되는 방법 중 하나는 영상의 대비를 조절하는 것이다. 이러한 대비를 조절하는 방법 중 하나인 히스토그램 균등화는 영상 계조도 값의 분포를 균등 분포로 변환함으로써 화질을 개선한다. 그러나, 기존의 방법은 영상의 히스토그램 분포가 몇개의 계조도 값에 군집화되어 있다면 영상의 계조도가 과도하게 변하는 단점을 갖는다. 본 논문은 그레이스케일 영상에 대해 히스토그램의 형태를 고려해서 가우시안 함수에 기반한 히스토그램 매칭 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 영상이 과도하게 밝아지는 것을 제한하고 히스토그램의 분포가 몇 개의 계조도에 군집화되어 있는 영상에서의 에지 및 어두운 부분의 자세한 정보를 표현하는데 우수한 성능을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.363-373
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• 2007

효율적이며 반복성 있는 고추의 소포자배양 시스템을 확립하기 위해 꽃봉오리로부터 소포자의 수확 시 나출 방법이 소포자 활력에 미치는 영향을 조사하는 동시에 모 식물 생육 시의 광도, 치상배지의 조성, 및 배양 광 조건이 배의 발생 및 발달에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 광도가 10,000 lux 와 5,500 lux로 각기 다른 곳에서 모식물이 생육된 경우 활력 있는 소포자의 비율은 큰 차이가 없었으며, 소포자 배의 발생이나 발달은 저광도인 5,500 lux에서 생육된 경우에 다소 높아 모 식물 생육 시의 광도가 소포자배의 발생에 미치는 영향이 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 5,500 lux에서 생육된 식물에서는 꽃봉오리의 수가 적어 배양에 필요한 소포자를 준비하기가 매우 어려웠다. 활력 있는 소포자의 비율은 체나 막자사발을 이용한 maceration 방법에 비해 blender를 이용하는 경우 13배 이상 높았다. 배의 발생 및 발달에 가장 좋았던 배지는 사용한 배지 중 MN배지였으며, 배양 광 조건은 암 상태에서 배양한 4주 후에 다시 광 상태로 옮겨 1주 배양하는 것이었다. 이상에서와 같은 결과들은 고추에서 형질전환이나 돌연변이 연구에 이용될 수 있을 정도로 많은 배를 생산할 수 있는 소포자 배양 시스템을 확립하는데 중요한 기초 자료가 될 것이다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제43회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.187-187
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• 2012

In this report, the plasmonic nanopores of less than 5 nm diameter were fabricated on the apex of the pyramidal cavity array. The metallic pyramidal pit cavity can also utilized as the plasmonic bioreactor, and the fabricated Au or Al metallic nanopore can provide the controllable translocation speed down using the plasmonic optical force. Initially, the SiO2 nanopore on the pyramidal pit cavity were fabricated using conventional microfabrication techniques. Then, the metallic thin film was sputter-deposited, followed by surface modification of the nanometer thick membrane using FESEM, TEM and EPMA. The huge electron intensity of FESEM with ~microsecond scan speed can provide the rapid solid phase surface transformation. However, the moderate electron beam intensity from the normal TEM without high speed scanning can only provide the liquid phase surface modification. After metal deposition, the 100 nm diameter aperture using FIB beam drilling was obtained in order to obtain the uniform nano-aperture. Then, the nanometer size aperture was reduced down to ~50 nm using electron beam surface modification using high speed scanning FESEM. The followed EPMA electron beam exposure without high speed scanning presents the reduction of the nanosize aperture down to 10 nm. During these processes, the widening or the shrinking of the nanometer pore was observed depending upon the electron beam intensity. Finally, using 200 keV TEM, the diameter of the nanopore was successively down from 10 nm down to 1.5 nm.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.25-28
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• 2002

Slowly cooled $Cu_xFe_{3-x}O_4$ ($\chi$=0.1, 0.2) have been investigated over a temperature range from 82 to 700 K using the M$\ddot{o}$ssbauer technique. X-ray diffraction shows that these have a single-phase cubic spinel structure of lattice parameters $\alpha$=8.396 and 8.398${\AA}$, respectively. Since Cu ions prefer B (octahedral) sites to A (tetrahedral) sites, the ionic distribution is $(Fe)_A[Fe_{2-x}Cu_x]_BO_4$. M$\ddot{o}$ssbauer spectra consisted of two sets of 6-line pattern from. A site in ferric state and B site in ferrous-ferric state. Intensity ratio of B to A subspectra is 1.0 at 82 K and increases to 2.0 at 700 K with increasing temperature. After annealing the samples under vacuum at $450^circ{C}$ for a half hour, x-ray diffraction patterns have the peaks of magnetite- and hematite-phase. Lattice constants of magnetite-phase are 8.395 and 8.392 ${\AA}$ smaller than 8.396 and 8.398 ${\AA}$ before annealing, respectively. M$\ddot{o}$ssbauer spectra reveal the conventional magnetite pattern with the additional hematite pattern. Intensity ratios of B to A subspectra fur magnetite-phase become 1.9-2.0 over all temperature ranges and Cu ions are distributed over A and B sites randomly. Ratios of hematite to total intensity in M$\ddot{o}$ssbauer spectra for $\chi$= 0.1 and $\chi$= 0.2 are 10 and 21%, respectively. These hematite ratios may be due to annealing under vacuum at $450^circ{C}$, which transforms $Cu^{2+}$ ionic states into $Cu^{1+}$. Verwey temperatures far $\chi$= 0.1 and $\chi$= 0.2 are $123\pm2$ K and $128\pm2$ K.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.188-194
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• 2000

Thermochromic liquid crystal reflect a unique color at even temperature. Therefore, they have been successfully applied to non-intrusive heat transfer research. Hue capturing method is widely used in the quantitative measurement from the TLC image. However it is affected by several measurement conditions. The distances of camera and light source have little influence on the color, but the value of hue is seriously affected by the measurement angle. In this study, the hue capturing method is improved by considering the effect of measurement angle. This improved calibration method can diminish the misreading of temperature caused by curvature of test surface.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.326-334
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• 1991

자유공간 광학과 출력 버퍼 메모리를 이용한 Optical Asynchronous Transfer Mode(ATM) 스위칭 시스템을 제안하고, Huygens-Fresnel 원리와 렌즈 변환을 이용하여 이 스위칭 구조에 있는 분배 시스템을 분석했다. 단색관 조명의 경우, 입력 분포의푸리에 변환과 유사한 패턴이 출력평면에서 관측되었다. 부분적으로 코히런트(coherent)한 유사 단색광으로 시스템을 조명할 \ulcorner\ulcorner는, 출력평면에서 단색광 때보다 공간적으로 넓어진 빛의 세기 분포가 나타났다. 100fs 정도의 코히런트(coherent)한 단펄스는 심한 공간적 확장 없이 분배기를 전파할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2003

Light exerts two primary roles in plant growth and development. Plants acquire all biochemical energy required for growth and propagation solely from light energy via photosynthesis. In addition, light serves as a medium through which plants recognize environmental fluctuations, such as photoperiod and presence of neighboring animals and plants. Plants therefore constantly monitor the direction, intensity, duration, and wavelength of environmental light and integrate these light signals into the intrinsic regulatory programs to achieve an optimized growth in a given light condition. Although light regulates all aspects of plant growth and developmental aspects, the molecular mechanisms and signaling cascades involved have not been well established until recently. However, recent advances in genetic tools and plant transformation techniques greatly facilitated the elucidation of molecular events in plant photomorphogenesis. This mini-review summarizes the gist of recent findings in deetiolation and suppression of shade avoidance response as classic examples of the phytochrome-mediated photomorphogenesis.