• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.1110-1122
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to study on realities and teachers' perception of Integrated-subject essay education in high school. Based upon teachers' perception, literature research and interview on integrated-subject essay education, measures to promote integrated-subject essay education in high school as follows. First, focused on realities of integrated-subject essay education, it is desirable that integrated-subject essay start from the first grade. Second, focused on objectives of integrated-subject essay education, it is desirable that integrated-subject essay education and assessment be executed to meet students' demand. Third, focused on contents of integrated-subject essay education, if high school teachers participate in essay examination questions and marking exams and essay examination questions is set within range of high school curriculum, it will contribute to normalizing public education. Fourth, focused on methods of integrated-subject essay education, teachers have to reconsider active perceptions to take a specialized essay training and to reduce a heavy workload to teachers, to develop guide book for integrated-subject essay education, to consult integrated-subject essay class, to develop specialized essay training program liking universities, to construct a specialized classroom for team teaching and debate class, to reduce students per class etc. are required. Fifth, focused on effects of integrated-subject essay education, it is desirable that integrated-subject essay education be executed for all students and in all subjects.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2019

Current, integrated schools are small schools in rural areas and old towns with declining population, or special purpose middle and high schools. And new residential districts in urban areas including Seoul have also been established in integrated schools. In particular, the number of school of central investment evaluation for integrated schools in urban areas is increasing. In this way, integrated schools, which have been mostly implemented in small rural areas, are being introduced as new ways to establish schools in urban housing development areas where the number of students is small or the number of students is difficult to predict. However, many studies of integrated school have been limited to appropriate scaling of small schools in rural areas, school management methods, and satisfaction surveys. The study of integrated school in urban areas is also focused on the study of architectural planning. In addition, there were limitations in suggesting the comprehensive establishment plan of schools or approaching urban planning when developing housing complexes. The purpose of this study is to suggest efficient establishment plan of integrated school in the development of urban housing complexes.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2003

This study purpose is extract on the architectural principles and architectural planning direction for Integrated Secondary School. The integrated secondary school has an expectation of the total education environment in which has some problem as regional, teaching, treatment, establishment equipment part because of the based relative establishments are abolished. The expectations are the education effective rising, the reduce of the responsibility of the teacher, a smooth teacher placing and saving the educating estimate. As the new education course propulsion is raising the school and students discretion and expanding the way of educating, being close to the course of studies, the integrated operation is earnestly needed and such as these versatile background the small school will keep on getting integrated. Investigate about the senses of the manager and teachers, so after these reserch I've concluded these things below about the integrated secondary school.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2024

As part of the Global Positioning System (GPS) modernization program in the United States, Civil Navigation (CNAV) and CNAV-2 messages were developed to introduce flexibility and modern features to the Legacy Navigation (LNAV) message. This paper explores the additional parameters introduced in CNAV/CNAV-2 compared to LNAV, focusing on their roles from the user's perspective. This paper compares the structural and parameter differences among LNAV, CNAV, and CNAV-2. Additionally, we analyze the types and roles of parameters newly incorporated into CNAV/CNAV-2 that were absent in LNAV.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2002

The integrated school has an expectation of the total education environment in which has some problems as regional, emotional, teaching treatment, establishment equipment part because of the based relative establishments are abolished. The expectations are the educating effective rising, the reduce of the responsibility of the teacher, a smooth teacher placing and saving the educating estimate. As the new education course propulsion is raising the school and students discretion and expanding the way of educating, being close to the course of studies, the integrated operation is earnestly needed and such as these versatile background the small schools will keep on getting integrated. So, in this paper I'll object the need and purpose of the integrate operation and show the integrated schools that are now in use. Investigate about actual condition of the integrated school, so after these research I've concluded these things below about the integrated school operating.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.899-910
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• 2018

Purpose: Generally, since the population density is lower in suburban areas, the distance to school is inevitably long. Therefore, schools in suburban areas often operate school buses to improve student welfare. However, since school buses are usually used only during going to and from school, the utilization rates are relatively low. Therefore, this study aims to establish integrated operation plan of public school bus covering all schools. Methods: It is necessary to decide which school buses will serve the specific demand node which want to go to certain school in order to design an integrated operation plan for school buses. Therefore, a mathematical model is developed for minimizing the total number of vehicles and the distance of transportation by reflecting the characteristics of school buses and students as constraints. To solve the proposed mathematical model, CPLEX, a commercial solver, is applied. Results: To validate and to confirm the proposed process, numerical example is designed with the comparison between before and after integrated operations of school buses in terms of total operation cost. The result shows that the integrated operation can lead the reduction of the number of school buses as well as the decreasing of the fuel cost. Conclusion: This study provides the quantitative method to perform the integrated operation of school buses in suburban areas. The optimal operation strategy is required because there are more complex decision-making elements considering the integrated operation. It is expected to apply this research result at real situation to expand this services based on an optimal operation.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.179-182
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• 2010

This paper proposed a novel compact bandpass filter with folded half mode substrate integrated waveguide (FHMSIW) cavities using two-layer printed circuit board(PCB) process. The area of the FHMSIW filter is reduced by nearly 50 % and 75 % compared with half mode substrate integrated waveguide(HMSIW) filter and substrate integrated waveguide(SIW) filter, respectively. A four-pole Chebyshev FHMSIW bandpass filter at C-band has been designed, simulated and fabricated. Measured results are presented and found to agree with the full-wave simulated results by using Ansoft HFSS. The filter shows good performance and compact size.

• 보건의료생명과학 논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.285-295
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• 2021

교사양성 대학에서는 예비교사들의 통합교육에 대한 긍정적인 인식과 통합교육 수행 능력 향상을 위해 특수교육학개론을 교직소양 필수과목으로 이수토록 하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 특수교육학개론의 수강을 통해 초등예비교사들의 통합교육에 대한 인식과 통합교육 수행 능력에 대한 인식의 변화가 있는지를 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 대상은 대학에서 특수교육학개론을 수강하는 55명의 4학년 학생이며, 수강 전과 후 두 차례에 걸쳐 통합교육에 대한 인식과 통합교육 수행 능력에 대한 인식 설문지에 응답하도록 하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등예비교사들의 통합교육에 대한 인식은 모든 영역과 총점에서 통계적으로 유의하게 긍정적으로 변화하였다. 둘째, 초등예비교사들의 통합교육 수행 능력에 대한 인식이 통계적으로 유의하게 향상되었다. 이러한 긍정적인 연구결과는 초등예비교사들에게 특수교육학개론을 이수하도록 하는 것이 성공적인 통합교육의 발판이 될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제51권
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• pp.7.1-7.9
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• 2021

Neuromorphic systems require integrated structures with high-density memory and selector devices to avoid interference and recognition errors between neighboring memory cells. To improve the performance of a selector device, it is important to understand the characteristics of the switching process. As changes by switching cycle occur at local nanoscale areas, a high-resolution analysis method is needed to investigate this phenomenon. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to analyze the local changes because it offers nanoscale detection with high-resolution capabilities. This review introduces various types of AFM such as conductive AFM (C-AFM), electrostatic force microscopy (EFM), and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) to study switching behaviors.

• Journal of Information Display
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2012

In this paper, a concept of an integrated elastomer substrate for a three-dimensional (3D) liquid crystal display based on the integral-imaging method is presented. The elemental lens array and columnar spacers were integrated into one of the two substrates, an elastomer substrate, through an imprinting process. The integrated elastomer substrate was capable of maintaining the uniform liquid crystal (LC) cell gap and promoting homeotropic LC alignment without any surface treatment. The monolithic approach reported herein will provide a key component for 3D displays with enhanced portability through a more than 40% weight reduction compared with the conventional integral-imaging method.