• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.234-243
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• 2022

우리나라에서 우박에 의한 피해는 매년 발생하고 있으며, 특히 농업 분야의 경우 노지 작물과 재배 시설에 치명적인 손실을 입히고 있다. 이러한 우박 피해를 최소화하기 위해 국내 주산지 분포와 작물 생육에 맞춤화 된 우박정보 서비스 시스템의 개발이 필요하다. 그러나 우박의 관측은 다른 기상 변수에 비해 상대적으로 많은 어려움이 따르고 자료도 시공간적으로 불균일성이 크며 산발적이다. 이에 본 연구는 우박정보 서비스 시스템 개발의 일환으로 우박 발생에 대한 시·공간 분포를 파악하기 위해 자연과학적 자료인 기상청 목측자료와 사회과학적 자료인 신문기사 자료를 통합한 우박 관측 DB를 구축하고, 이를 기반으로 우박위험지도를 제작하였다. 이러한 다학제적 우박 자료 융합을 통해 우박 자료의 공백기간과 공백지역에 대해서 보완이 될 수 있었다. 지역별 우박 발생 시기와 빈도 및 크기에 대해 분석한 결과, 최근으로 올수록 크기가 큰 우박의 비중이 증가하였고, 발생 시간은 상승기류가 잘 형성되는 오후 시간대에 주로 분포하였다. 강원, 경북, 충북 등 남한의 북동쪽과 일부 내륙 지역이 더 자주 발생하였고, 겨울에는 북쪽 해안과 일부 내륙 지역에 주로 싸락 우박이 발생하였다. 통합 자료를 이용하여 제작한 우박 위험지도를 통해 1970~2018년 기간의 전국적인 발생 분포 특성과 극값들이 제시되었다. 이번 연구에서 제작된 우박위험지도는 작물 재배적지 선정과 생육 관리에 다학제적인 응용기후 자료로서 도움을 줄 것이다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.36-46
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• 2015

경축순환농업은 축산농가에서 발생하는 가축분뇨를 비료자원으로 인식하여 농경지로 환원하는 지속 가능한 농업체계로 부상하였다. 하지만 우리나라의 경축순환농업 체계는 아직 미비하여 가축분뇨 처리 및 자원화에 애로를 겪고 있는 지역을 쉽게 찾아볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 1) 지역 특성을 고려한 맞춤형 경축순환농업 모델을 제시하고 2) 가축분뇨의 농경지 환원 시 잠재적 양분 공급량 및 작물의 양분 요구량에 관한 관계분석을 바탕으로 제시된 모델의 바이오매스 물질흐름 분석을 그 목적으로 한다. 개별농가 시설을 통한 경축순환농업을 실행하고 있는 우리나라 지역 두 곳과 (YC, JJ)과 공동자원화시설을 위탁처리하고 있는 두 곳 (NW, NS)을 선정하여 NS의 두 지역, NW의 세 지역, YC의 세 지역, JJ의 네 지역 등 총 열두 곳의 지역별 현장조사 및 면접을 실시하였고, 설문조사를 위한 농가들은 NW의 54농가, YC의 51농가, JJ의 44농가로 총 149농가의 설문조사를 수행하였다. JJ지역의 공동자원화시설은 퇴 액비화 역할뿐만 아니라 에너지화 모델로의 공동추진(two track model)이 보다 효과적일 것으로 판단된다. YC지역의 경우, 중규모(30톤 내외)의 분산형 공동자원화시설 3~4개를 축산농가가 밀집된 면(面)에 설치하는 모델이 적합할 것으로 판단된다. 기존 처리현황 대비 공동자원화시설이 적용된 시나리오의 양분흐름을 비교해 보면 두 지역 모두 인과 칼리량은 늘어나고(최대 7%까지) 질소량은 감소하는(최대 15%까지) 경향을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 모델이 적용된 YC지역의 가축분뇨 유래 질소, 인산, 칼리는 전반적으로 비슷하게 고른 값을 보이고 있으나, 작물의 양분요구량과 양분의 토양 환원량을 비교해 보면 연간 질소가 719톤, 인이 1,269톤씩 각각 과잉 공급되고 있음을 알 수 있다. JJ지역의 경우 작물 양분요구량 대비 질소 671톤/년의 추가공급이 필요할 것으로 추정되며 이는 화학비료로 대체될 수 있음을 의미한다. 인의 경우 32톤이 과잉공급되어 JJ와 YC 지역 모두 인의 지표수 유출(runoff)에 기인한 부영영화(eutrophication)를 고려하여 경축순환농업 모델을 구축해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.371-382
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• 1999

여름과 겨울철 남해의 해수에 포함되어 있는 영양염의 분포 특성을 수온, 염분, 겉보기 산소 소모량, pH 등의 환경 인자들과의 상관도를 통해 파악하고자 하였다. 여름철에 영양염의 분포는 염분보다는 수온과 양호한 상관도를 보였으며 생물 활동과 관련이 갚은 pH, 겉보기 산소 소모량과 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 이로 보아 여름철에 형성되는 염전선역에서 일차생산자에 의한 영양염 소비가 활발하여 염분과 영양염과의 상관성을 강력하게 변형시키는 것으로 판단된다. 겨울철에는 수온이 영양염과 가장 유의한 상관관계를 나타내어 수직 혼합된 냉수와 북상하는 난류의 세력이 만나는 열전선의 위치가 영양염 분포에 가장 중요한 요인으로 분석되었다. 여름철에 가장 우수한 상관도를 보였던 ($R^2$ >0.6) pH의 경우 겨울철에 생물 활동이 미약하여 상관도가 크게 낮아졌다($R^2$ <0.5). 수심에 대해 적분한 질산염+아질산염 인산염 규산염의 값은 각기 여름철에는 321 $mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}$, 23 $mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}$, 637 $mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}$이었고 겨울철에는 261 $mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}$, 31 $mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}$, 742 $mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}$로 계산되었다. 영양염의 질소 대 인의 비는 여름철에는 인이 상대적으로 부족한 반면 겨울철에는 이와 반대로 질소가 결핍되어 우기에 강우와 하천을 통한 질소의 유입이 남해 생태계 유지에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제24권8B호
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• pp.1444-1455
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• 1999

IS-41과 GSM 같은 표준에서 위치 전략은 이동 단말기들의 위치를 관리하는데 홈 위치 등록기(Home Location Register : HLR) 데이터베이스와 방문자 위치 등록기(Visitor Location Register : VLR) 데이터베이스를 사용한다. 위치관리 기법들이 추구하는 목표는 데이터베이스 접근 및 상호 망 트래픽에 대한 비용을 최소하는 것이다. 표준 위치 관리 기법의 문제점은 단말기들의 이동이 빈번할 경우 HLR 데이터베이스를 갱신하는 비용이 높고, VLR과 HLR간 메시지 전송 빈도가 높기 때문에 신호 망에 심한 트래픽을 유발할 수 있다. 이러한 문제점에 대한 한 가지 개선책으로 본 논문에서는 이동 단말기들이 등록지역의 경계를 넘을 때마다 단말기의 위치등록 요청으로 인하여 초래될 수 있는 HLR과 신호 망 트래픽을 줄일 수 있도록 VLR 게이트웨이(VLR Gateway : VG)를 이용한 위치 관리 기법을 제안한다. VG는 HLR과 VLR사이에 배치되는 데이터베이스로서 시스템에 정의된 하나 이상의 인접 등록지연들을 하나의 그룹으로 통합하고, 그 통합 등록지역 범위 내에서 VG가 HLR의 역할을 대신 수행함으로써 HLR을 접근할 필요없이 단말기간 호출 및 이동이 가능하다. S-41과 제안 기법간에 성능 평가를 위하여 다양한 범위의 호출 대 이동 비율에 대한 시뮬레이션을 수행한 결과 제안 기법에서 전체 데이터베이스 비용이 다소 증가한 반면에 HLR 및 신호 망 트래픽이 축소되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3841-3850
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• 2012

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the knowledge and perceptions of Malaysian tradition healers towards cancer and cancer prevention. Methodology: A total of 25 participants agreed to participate in this qualitative study during the period from $20^{th}$ July 2011 until $24^{th}$ of September 2011. The proposal of this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Management and Science University (MSU). Once the participant agreed to be interviewed, date, time and place of the interviews were determined. Consent form was obtained from participants before the interview began. Participants were briefed about the study and its purpose, and after asking their permissions, their replies were recorded. The data was organized into themes and analyzed manually. Results: Twenty-five Malaysian traditional healers participated in this qualitative study. The age of participants ranged between 26 to 78 years old. The majority were in the age group of 31-60 years old, male, Chinese, degree holders with a monthly income ranging from 1,000-5,000 Ringgit Malaysia (RM) and were married (56%, 80%, 48%, 52%, 68%, 84% respectively). The majority defined cancer as having high cholesterol or abscess accumulation. A few of them defined cancer as a type of cell growth. The majority mentioned that food and unhealthy lifestyles are the primary causes of cancer. Surprisingly some of them mentioned that cancer is caused by interference by ghosts. Regarding the diagnosis of cancer, the majority mentioned that they refer their patients to modern physicians' medical report when it comes to diagnosing or treating patients with cancer. The most common cancers that many patients came to seek treatment were breast cancers, followed by colon cancers, liver and lung cancers. Conclusions: Despite good knowledgeabout the causes of cancer among traditional healers, misconceptions still exist. Insufficient knowledge about the definition of cancer was noted among the traditional healers. This urges immediate action by the Ministry of Health of Malaysia to set up a strict regulation and regular monitoring of the traditional healers nationally. Traditional and Complementary Medicine may be integrated into the healthcare system and need to have sustained cooperation for the benefit of patients since about 80% of patients use traditional medicines.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.434-450
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• 2001

This study is designed to understand the meaning and nature of raising children with cerebral palsy. It researches the experience of mothers of schoolchildren with cerebral palsy by the research method of hermeneutic phenomenology. The study was conducted from November 10, 1999 to December 20, 2000. When children with cerebral palsy usually show symptoms in the early stage of cerebral palsy, mothers do not take children to a doctor for diagnosis. And, most of mothers have a difficult time to accept the reality; they usually respond to the initial diagnosis with shock, reproach, and deny. When mothers start recognizing the reality, they consider that their children have cerebral palsy due to the their mismanagement during pregnancy, delivery, nursing, and initial treatment. They shelter their children from view and feel guilty that they cannot afford to try folk remedies for their children. As time passes, mothers face conflicts between families in diverse ways. Families put the blame on genetic effects. Mothers-in-law give their daughters-in-law a hard time, husbands shift the responsibility of raising children onto their wives, and trouble arises between families-in-law and mothers native families. When children grow up, it is physically difficult for mothers to take care their children. In addition, they suffer from all the troubles in family due to childrens handicap. Mothers try the diverse methods of bringing up children. However, they start getting tired of raising children as they experience failures and financial difficulties. Mothers feel collapsed recalling the ways of raising children. They feel anxiety, miserable, lonely, and worrying when they think how children would attend school, make friends, and live in the future. In this stage, mothers do their best to raise their children with hope. They tend to compare their children with others without handicap and spend money and time in attempting all the treatments. When mothers and children join the society at school, they find that the society does not understand disabled people, teachers show inconsiderate attitude, friends avoid them, and children hardly follow classes. Such experiences make mothers feel angry and frustrated. However, when children adapt to school, mothers see the possibility that children could accomplish schoolwork. They appreciate teachers help and others consideration. Mothers place appropriate expectations on their children and help them to prepare for the future. I would make following suggestions based on the results. 1. As a primary basic course of rehabilitation nursing intervention, solution-centered nursing intervention system should be developed. The intervention needs to be based on the understanding of mothers, who raise children with cerebral palsy, through in-depth interview. 2. Advance researches on the development of individual nursing intervention should be conducted. Individual nursing intervention needs to prevent and release actual pain focusing on mothers raising children with cerebral palsy. 3. Integrated curriculum that help children with cerebral palsy lead a normal school life with ordinary children should be developed. 4. Basic research on using of facilities and effective application of service volunteer to help children with cerebral palsy in school needs to be conducted.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.15-33
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• 2019

Objectives The objective of this study is to provide the evidence of the effectivness of herbal medicine for frozen shoulder. Methods 2 Korean medical on-line databases (Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, Korean Traditional Knowledge), and 3 foreign databases (Pubmed, Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched to find articles concerning herbal medicine for frozen shoulder. We selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Several repeated articles and those not relevant to the topic were excluded, as well as review articles and commentaries. The methodological quality of RCTs were evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and meta-analyes were perfomed. Results Total 474 studies were founded and 22 RCTs were selected for systematic review. Efficiency rate was used as the primary evaluation method. Almost studies reported that herbal medicine has significant effect on pain reduction, increasing shoulder function on frozen shoulder. 3 studies comparing herbal medicine and chuna with chuna and 3 studies comparing herbal medicine with ibuprofen were included in the meta-analysis. At herbal medicine and chuna with chuna meta-analysis, it showed positive results of herbal medicine for efficiency rate (risk ratio: 1.18, 95% confidence interval: 1.09-1.27, p<0.0001). At herbal medicine with ibuprofen medta-analysis, it showed positive results of herbal medicine for efficiency rate (risk ratio: 1.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.05-1.27, p=0.003). Conclusions The studies showed that herbal medicine can significantly effective on frozen shoulder. However, the risk of bias in RCTs were evaluated as uncertain. In the future, further well-designed RCTs are needed to prove the effectiveness of herbal medicine for frozen shoulder and reduce the risk of bias.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.116-135
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze how purpura and vasculitis have been treated with Korean medicine and potentially to present with future direction of research and treatment. Methods : We searched clinical studies from the Korean databases including Oriental medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System(OASIS), Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal(KTKP), National Discovery for Science Leader(NDSL), Research Information Sharing Service(RISS), using keywords related to "Purpura" and "Vasculitis" from January 2000 to May 2019. Results : A total of 20 studies were selected for analysis. More than half of the patients provided with detailed information were under 19 year-olds, and upper respiratory infection, stress and fatigue, seasonal factor were among the most frequently stated as predisposing factors. Among many treatment modalities, herbal medicine was the most frequently used, followed by acupuncture and herbal acupuncture. 23 basic herbal medicine formulas were retrieved from 20 articles, most frequently used being Guibi-tang(歸脾湯加味), Samul-tang(四物湯加味) and Yukmijihwang-tang(六味地黃湯加味). In total, 122 Korean medicine herbs were used, most frequently used herbs being Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(甘草), Angelicae Gigantis Radix(當歸), Poria Sclerotium(茯?) and Paeoniae Radix(芍藥). By its category, herbs were mostly classified into Tonyfying and replenishing medicinal(補益藥), Heat-clearing medicinal(淸熱藥) and Exterior-releasing medicinal(解表藥). Patients with total treatment period of 3 months or under were 2/3 of all cases provided with detailed information. Follow up periods were short in general with only 6 cases of over 6 months. The primary motive of patients to receive Korean medicine treatments was unresponsiveness or adverse effects of western medication. Conclusion : Through this literature review, we could find out tendencies of Korean medicine treatments of purpura and vasculitis up to date and some points that may have clinical significance.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.151-163
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of herbal medicine for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in cases and to find the general tendency of herbal medicine treatment and to establish the primary treatment direction of Atopic dermatitis. Methods : In the domestic databases, Oriental medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System(OASIS), Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal(KTKP), National Discovery for Science Leader(NDSL), Research Information Sharing Service(RISS), we selected among the papers published in the last 20 years using search terms related to "Atopic dermatitis & Cases". Reports based on Sasang constitutional medicine and Six meridian pattern identification were excluded and a total of 21 papers were finally selected. Results : 113 herbal medicines were retrieved from 21 papers. The most commonly used herbs are Scutellariae Radix(黃芩), Rehmanniae Radix(地黃), and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(甘草). Atractylodis Rhizoma(蒼朮), Akebiae Caulis(木通), Smilacis Rhizoma(土茯?), Paeoniae Radix(芍藥) used mostly when Oozing exists, Trichosanthis Radix (瓜蔞), Asparagi Radix(天門冬), Persicae Semen(桃仁), Carthami Flos(紅花) used mostly when Dryness, Lichenification, and Pigmentation exist. The average score of SCORAD index was improved after Herbal medicine treatment. Conclusion : Through this study, we could find out the tendency of herbal medicine to treat Atopic dermatitis along with Symptoms.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.55-68
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• 2023

In recent years, the Television White Space (TVWS) has attracted the interest of many researchers due to its propagation characteristics obtainable between 470MHz and 790MHz spectrum bands. The plenty of unused channels in the TV spectrum allows the secondary users (SUs) to use the channels for broadband services especially in rural areas. However, when the number of SUs increases in the TVWS wireless network the aggregate interference also increases. Aggregate interferences are the combined harmful interferences that can include both co-channel and adjacent interferences. The aggregate interference on the side of Primary Users (PUs) has been extensively scrutinized. Therefore, resource allocation (power and spectrum) is crucial when designing the TVWS network to avoid interferences from Secondary Users (SUs) to PUs and among SUs themselves. This paper proposes a model to improve the resource allocation for reducing the aggregate interface among SUs for broadband services in rural areas. The proposed model uses joint power and spectrum hybrid Firefly algorithm (FA), Genetic algorithm (GA), and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) which is considered the Co-channel interference (CCI) and Adjacent Channel Interference (ACI). The algorithm is integrated with the admission control algorithm so that; there is a possibility to remove some of the SUs in the TVWS network whenever the SINR threshold for SUs and PU are not met. We considered the infeasible system whereby all SUs and PU may not be supported simultaneously. Therefore, we proposed a joint spectrum and power allocation with an admission control algorithm whose better complexity and performance than the ones which have been proposed in the existing algorithms in the literature. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared using the metrics such as sum throughput, PU SINR, algorithm running time and SU SINR less than threshold and the results show that the PSOFAGA with ELGR admission control algorithm has best performance compared to GA, PSO, FA, and FAGAPSO algorithms.