• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.35-57
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• 2014

Relationship marketing has been dealt with as an effective strategy for customer loyalty in prior research. It seems to be essential that organizations should make efforts to develop successful relationship between the organizations and the customers. However, a customers' voluntary efforts are also needed to strengthen the relationship meaningfully. Relationships are built on the foundations of mutuality. In other words, customers' efforts are necessary for relationship development, as well as an organization's efforts. Hereby, the role of customers for the development of a relationship with an organization has been overlooked in previous research so far. This study applied the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to explain the role of customer motivation in developing customer relationship. Thus, the author chose customers who have experienced medical service recently as survey participants. Then, this paper verified the path relationships between self-determination factors (autonomy, perceived competence, relatedness) and relational factors(shared responsibility, commitment, relationship retention). It suggested that role of customers is inevitable in developing the relationship. In conclusion, this research has several implications on relationship marketing. For service providers, they should understand that the customer's perceived self-determination can improve tangible and intangible performance in relationship development.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.6 s.68
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• pp.27-32
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• 2006

TYME is an interactive typography program based on the ephemeral nature of time. It is a text based poetic tool, built with Processing. This project is presented as a performance that utilizes a computer with a display screen, a projector, and speakers. As the user types, white characters appear, flow on the score on the screen and trigger jazz sounds, then characters disappear into black space in several seconds on the screen like smoke. Typography from this invented instrument is evocative and wistful, and allows the user to associate with ephemeral time. While typing the characters as though playing an instrument at intervals of time, the user can freeze the motion and print out or save otherwise fleeting moment with a button. I intend to contain both characteristics: the amorphous shape of smoke and the elusive attribute of smoke for the expression of intangible and ephemeral time. Every alphabetic shape is derived from the video dips that I shot of smoke. The resulting alphabetic images are then programmed using the Processing scripting language and which can then be typed on the screen with a keyboard. TYME could be a model as a project that reflects the unfixed quality of digital typography, and as a design approach for interactive expressive typography by scripting code. This project also represents the characteristics of typographic play, which can be realized in an computational environment like this model.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.129-142
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• 2015

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to suggest a basis for setting appropriate safety goals specifically related to the threshold zone luminance in a vehicular traffic tunnel. METHODS : In the test, drivers were divided into two groups. One group consisted of all drivers (average drivers) group with an age ratio of drivers holding domestic driver's license and driver group by age to produce threshold zone luminance in the tunnel. The threshold zone luminance produced as a result was used to analyze how it affects the safety level of each driver group and provide a basis for setting an appropriate safety criterion that can be used to determine threshold zone luminance. We used test equipment, test conditions, and ananalysis of threshold zone luminance identical to that reported by ChoandJung(2014) but the values of adaptation luminance in our analys is were expanded to range from100 to $10,000cd/m^2$. RESULTS : Adaptation luminance and threshold zone luminance are found to be related by a quadratic function. The threshold zone luminance needed by older drivers to ensure a certain safety level is significantly higher than that for drivers of other age brackets when adaptation luminance increases. 56% of older drivers are at an increased risk of an accident at the same luminance for which the safety level of average drivers is 75%. The safety level that can be achieved for older drivers increases to above 60% when threshold zone luminance level is set with the goal of attaining a safety level of more than 85% for average drivers. The safety level that can be attained for average drivers is above 90% when the threshold zone luminance is high enough to ensure over 75% in the safety level of older drivers. Results of this study are applicable to highways and others whose designed speed is 100 km/h. CONCLUSIONS : Threshold zone luminance determined on the basis of drivers having average visual ability is of limited value as a performance standard for ensuring the safety of older drivers. Hence, safety level for older drivers should be considered separately from safety levels for drivers with an average ability to avoid risk. Upward adjustment of older drivers' safety level in the process of determining appropriate threshold zone luminance in a vehicular traffic tunnel may bring both tangible and intangible benefit as a result of reducing accidents. However, there is an associated dollar cost arising from installing and operating lights. As a result, the economic impact of these trade-offs should also be considered.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.71-81
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• 2016

Purpose - Because creativity, which is an intangible resource embedded within the company, can offer a competitive advantage, most companies have an interest in promoting creativity among their employees and division(e.g., marketing organization). Creativity renders a sustainable competitive advantage to a firm because it is a strategic resource that is valuable, flexible, rare, and imperfectly imitable or substitutable. Although most companies broadly recognize the importance of creativity, the methods for developing creativity remain elusive. Therefore, the present study investigates how to structure incentives to motivate employees to be more creative and how to develop tools to facilitate creativity. In detail, the present study aimed to examine the relationship between the regulatory focus of marketing organizations(e.g., promotion focus vs prevention focus) and creativity of marketing organizations. In addition, the present study set out to examine the moderating role of interaction of financial reward and creative training in addition to investigating the direct relationship between creativity and regulatory focus in New Product Development(NPD) context. Research design, data, and methodology - The data used to test the hypotheses are drawn from a survey of full time NPD project members(including project manager, designer, engineer, and marketer). The present study utilized data obtained mainly from a database compiled by the Korea Investors Service-Financial Analysis System which provides comprehensive corporate and financial information on firms listed on the Korea Stock Exchange. A study population comprising 1,000 South Korean firms was obtained from this database. We selected 864 firms from the database, and the firms have experiences of new product development project. We collected a total of 162 responses, for a 18.8% response rate. After we excluded 14 questionnaire because of incomplete responses, a total of 148 questionnaire remained(final response rate: 17.1%). Working with a sample of 148 responses in South Korea, hierarchical moderated regression is employed to test research hypotheses(

The relationship between promotion focus and creativity of marketing organization,

The relationship between prevention focus and creativity of marketing organization,

The moderating effect of joint influences(interaction between financial rewards and creativity training) on the relationship between promotion focus creativity of marketing organization,

The moderating effect of joint influences(interaction between financial rewards and creativity training) on the relationship between prevention focus creativity of marketing organization). SPSS 18.0 and AMOS software were used in the data analysis. Results - The empirical study confirmed that promotion focus of marketing organization is positively related to creativity of marketing organization. Also, prevention focus of marketing organization is positively affected to creativity of marketing organization. In addition, the interaction between financial rewards and creativity training moderated the relationship between regularity focus(e.g.), promotion focus vs prevention focus) and creativity of marketing organization. These results suggest that managers can improve the performances of their creative efforts by providing the use of financial rewards and creativity training in combination. Conclusion - Based on results of this study that examine the effects of regulatory focused creative efforts on creativity of marketing organization, promotion focus is helpful with marketing organizations to enhance their service innovation and performance. Prevention focused organization should allow monetary rewards and creativity training to increase their creativity for innovation of new products.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.52-60
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• 2016

Many hidden aspects of society around the world that has been lurking as risk factors have been ultimately connected to disasters. Such connection did not just stop with massive damages to properties and loss of lives but became a serious social issue. Especially in the case for Korea, because the country has gone through abrupt economic growth which has resulted in rapid urbanization and expansion of economic scale, Korea has been caught in a vicious cycle of experiencing human and social calamities repeatedly. Due to the seriousness of such problem, there's been continued research in various fields for managing disasters, and the domain of knowledge has been expanding with complexity. The following study went beyond the perspectives of disaster prevention study, disaster prevention engineering and social sciences suggested from previous research directions in disaster and disaster prevention, and attempted an alternative research method by approaching from a service design perspective. During the process, the paper looked over the summary on disaster and service design. By applying it on disaster prevention projects, the research sets forth and discusses effective and practical disaster prevention service design. Through specific case studies, the research methodology applied was verified, and the purpose of the study was carried out in the perspective of real world applications different from textbook type discussions. It is expected that through the disaster prevention service design process and platform that were discovered during the research result, defining and understanding disaster prevention service design will be made apparent. Additionally, the research is expected to be used as a basic building block for building a visualized plan for tangible and intangible factors related to disasters before the disaster process through such proposed disaster prevention service design.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.59-68
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the differential mediating effects of three dimensions of buyer trust in the influence of supplier characteristics on the relationship performance. In this study, transaction characteristics were classified into competences and assets. The corporate reputation is considered as intangible assets, the customer-linking capability is considered among the competencies and transaction specific asset is selected from tangible assets. This study is also to examine the moderating effect of technical environment uncertainty in the effects of integrity and benevolence on the intention to continue trading. This study aims to provide a guide on which dimension suppliers should manage and how to improve their trust in order to maintain business with companies in technical environment uncertainty. Research design, data, and methodology - The data for the empirical analysis of this study were obtained by interviewing the 274 purchasing managers of Daegu - Gyeongbuk small and medium enterprises. The items used in this survey were partially modified to fit the characteristics of the B2B industry. The reliability and validity of the variables were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 programs and hypotheses were verified through the structural equation modeling. Results - In this study, reliability was examined by Cronbach 'α test. Composite Reliability and Average Mean Variance extracted value exceeded the baseline values. As a result of hypotheses testing, the hypothesis that the transaction specific asset will improve the benevolence and that benevolence will improve the intention to continue the transaction were rejected and all the other 9 hypotheses were adopted include 2 moderating hypothesis. Conclusions - This study shows which dimension of trust suppliers should appeal to the buyer according to the uncertainty of the technology environment in order to maintain the transaction with the buyer. competence and integrity are important when technology environment uncertainty is low, and competence and benevolence are important when technical environment uncertainty is high. In order to improve competence, corporate reputation and transaction-specific asset are important. To improve integrity, corporate reputation and customer-linking capability are important. In order to improve benevolence, customer-linking capability is important. And various implications were discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.414-426
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to conceptualize reading capital in the career context and to provide basic data for further study by exploring the components of reading capital. For this purpose, previous studies and literature were reviewed. In addition, we conducted big data analysis regarding 209 papers concerning various activities related to reading, and explored the components of reading capital. Through this study, reading capital can express personal, intangible ability such as literacy, experience, and attitude embodied through reading, and enable understanding persons, looking at the world positively, and creating personal, social and economic values. The components of reading capital are reading competency and humanistic knowledge; the former was conceptualized to be reading literacy, reading activity, reading attitude, reading ability, and the latter was conceptualized to be emotional intelligence, relationship, self-identity, creativity, adaptability, self-directedness and values. The definitions and components researched of the reading capital derived through this study are thought to be highly useful as basic data for the expansion of research between related studies.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2016

Many cases have mentioned the effect by applying BIM on the media such as at conferences, workshops, reports, ect. These cases reported that costs could be saved directly by prevention the need to re-do and reconstruct caused by using BIM. BIM users mentioned that using BIM has potential value in saving costs. The benefits of the BIM include intangible value that cannot be estimated in costs, such as reducing work time and improving productivity. However, the financial value of using BIM, such as Return on Investment, has not yet been exposed, and BIM users have a negative view of the financial value of BIM in Korea. Therefore, this study has researched the effects of applying BIM on construction estimate services in view of business productivity, not finance. This study compared the traditional and BIM based estimation, and verified the effect of estimating BIM through work sampling. This study investigated a precondition for getting the effects of BIM based estimation. The results show a need for BIM education, 3D Modeling standards, and database on quantity in order to improve product ivity and reduce work time on BIM based estimation

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.217-239
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• 2009

As gas hydrate is recently emerging as a new energy source to solve environmental and exhaustion problems caused by fossil energy, Korea is working on a gas hydrate development project under a 10-year plan from 2005 to 2014. Gas hydrate is expected to have a big effect on the economy and society of Korea, which is largely depending on energy imports besides water energy and atomic energy. However, it is uncertain whether the project will produce successful results. Thus, it is very important to improve its validity and to propose effective execution strategies by evaluating the value of the project in advance. Thus, this study intended to include new information, which had not been evaluated in existing methods, and to reduce biases or errors in value evaluation results by applying a fuzzy risk analysis to the real option model in order to evaluate the value of a gas hydrate development project. It is advantageous that the real option model based on the fuzzy risk analysis modelizes the vagueness and inexactness of intangible element judgment into an appropriate language scale so as to evaluate these elements clearly and integrate them with estimated financial performance results. The application of the fuzzy risk analysis makes it possible to conduct an analysis by dissolving a decision-making issue with complicated and various attributes into several simplified problems. With the continuing high oil prices and today's demand of clean energy, the necessity of energy resources and technology development projects keeps growing. Amid this situation, it is expected that these study results will contribute to proposing a guideline not only for gas hydrate projects but also for policy decision-making related to future energy industries.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.17-25
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• 2013

Purpose - This study analyzes the effect of customers' perceived service innovativeness of service centers for electronic goods, on repurchase intentions of customers, using behavior intentions of service centers as a mediator variable. In customer management and customer relationship marketing, service centers can be the most representative customer relationship management departments because they are most closely placed at the interface with customers. In addition, this study intends to investigate if continuous relationship with customers during one-time product-selling can affect their repurchase intentions. Specifically, this research aims to investigate if the expansion of the saturated physical market of the manufacturing business, to intangible service markets, can be competitive enough to satisfy customer needs. Research design, data, and methodology - This study targets college students, and especially those who have computers, digital cameras, or cell-phones, and often use electronic products and services. In order to investigate our hypothesis, we analyzed dates through SEM (structural equation modeling) using SPSS for Windows 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. In addition, we measured Cronbach's α coefficient using SPSS for Windows 18.0 in order to measure reliability. Further, using AMOS 18.0, this research statistically measured convergent validity as well as discriminant validity, and examined mediation models and path models in which service innovativeness leads to customers' repurchase intentions of electronic products. Results - As a result, this research shows that customers' perceived service innovativeness of service centers for electronic goods has significant positive influence on customers' behavior intentions of service centers. In addition, service innovativeness of electronic goods' service centers also has significant positive influence on repurchase intentions of customers. Conclusion - This study investigates the effect of customers' positive relation with the innovativeness of electronic service center on their behavior intention and product repurchase. The more concrete, important results of the study are as follows. Through the mediating effect, the findings of the study suggest that customers' behavior intentions of service centers partially mediate the effect of customers'perceived service innovativeness of service centers for electronic goods on customers' repurchase intentions. This research also provides an insight that the importance of service innovativeness and innovative approaches in managing customers should be recognized in the process of repurchase and service roles of manufacturing business as a way for customer management. As a result, the relationship between customer satisfaction and service quality of service centers for the electronic products is very sensitive. Although previous studies focus on certain aspects of the case for enhancing service innovation (Kim, 2012), this research recommends that the service centers need to understand the customers'desire first and try to adapt to achieve customer satisfaction by being innovative. This innovativeness of service centers would make customers visit them consistently, which in the long run, will also influence their repurchase decisions.