• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2010

사람의지방줄기세포는지방조직내에존재하는 줄기세포로 얻기 쉽고, 골수줄기세포와 유사한 특징을 가지고 있다. 그러나 지방을 추출하는 과정, 공여자의 나이, 체질량, 추출 부위에 따라 세포의 특성이 달라지며, 이질적인 세포군을 얻게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 허벅지 지방에서 유래한 줄기세포 특성 분석 및 중배엽, 내배엽성 세포로의 분화능을 알아보았다. 허벅지 유래 줄기세포는 골수줄기세포와 유사한 섬유아세포와 유사한 모양을 보였으며, 체외에서 56.5번의 분열을 하였고, 약 $5{\times}10^{22}$개의 세포를 얻을 수 있었다. 이들은 SCF, Oct4, nanog, vimentin, CK18, FGF5, NCAM, Pax6, BMP4, HNF4a, nestin, GATA4, HLA-ABC, HLA-DR과 같은 유전자를 발현하였으며, Oct4, Thy-1, FSP, vWF, vimentin, desmin, CK18, CD54, CD4, CD106, CD31, a-SMA, HLA-ABC 등과 같은 단백질을 발현하였다. 또한 이들은 지방, 골, 연골 세포와 같은 중배엽성 세포로 분화하였고, 더욱이 인슐린 분비세포와 같은 내배엽성 세포로도 분화하였다. 결론적으로, 사람의 허벅지 유래 줄기세포는 골수 줄기세포와 유사하게 체외에서 증식이 가능하였으며, 유전자 및 단백질 발현 패턴을 가지고 있었으며, 다양한 세포로 분화 가능하였다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 보아 허벅지 지방유래 줄기세포는 골수 줄기세포를 대체할 수 있는 세포치료제의 재료가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.269-284
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• 2019

This study was to investigate whether cultivated ginseng (CG), cultivated wild simulated ginseng (CWG) and cultivated red ginseng (CRG) extracts influences on the obesity. The saponin contents of 3 kinds of ginsengs were analysed by HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS. Total saponin contents were determined in CG on the most contents and since red ginseng has the highest PD (protopanaxadiol type) / PT (protopanaxatriol type) ratio, there may be differences between ginseng, wild ginseng, and red ginseng with respect to their pharmacological effects. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet(N), HFD (60% Kcal fat, C), HFD with CG, CWG and CRG extracts (800 mg/kg) for 5 weeks. We observed change of total body weight, degree of hepatic lipid accumulation and immunohistochemical change of GLP-1 and insulin-secreting cells. Also this study attempts to use the physiological analysis method to analyze the changes of blood lipids, insulin and leptin concentration. The change of body weight and size of accumulated lipid droplets in liver lobules decreased in all of the experimental groups than the control(C) group. In the pancreas, the immunohistochemical density of insulin-secreting cells were significantly stronger in the CWG and CRG than C group. The levels of serum insulin and leptin significantly decreased 55.6%, 54.3% respectively in CWG and CRG. The changes of triglyceride, total cholesterol in serum decreased in CRG than the C group. Obesity related CG, CWG and CRG extracts might have contribute to improvement of obesity by regulating the levels of blood lipids and biochemical indicator of fat accumulation.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.365-371
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• 1990

To improve the growth of mouse hybridoma 2c3.1 secreting anti-Hepatitis B surface antigen monoclonal antibody (anti-HBsAg MAb), we had constructed an enriched medium and observed the effects of fetal bovine serum and serum-free supplements including human serum albumin, 'insulin and transferrin', and monoethanolamine. For further enhancement of growth, the concentrations of two major energy sources, glucose and glutamine, were strengthened with various ratios in the enriched medium. Maximum cell growth and monoclonal antibody production obtained in various ratios of glucose/glutamine with an inoculation concentration of 2$\times$105 cells/ml were 0.73$\times$106-4.62$\times$106 cells/ml and 65.1-422.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, respectively. Glutamine was round to be a major energy source and a limiting nutrient in comparison to glucose for 2c3.1 cell cultivation in enriched media with low serum.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.294-308
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• 2021

BACKGROUD/OBJECTIVES: Allomyrina dichotoma larva (ADL), one of the many edible insects recognized as future food resources, has a range of pharmacological activities. In a previous study, an ADL extract (ADLE) reduced the hepatic insulin resistance of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mice. On the other hand, the associated molecular mechanisms underlying pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction remain unclear. This study examined the effects of ADLE on palmitate-induced lipotoxicity in a beta cell line of a rat origin, INS-1 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: ADLE was administered to high-fat diet treated mice. The expression of apoptosis-related molecules was measured by Western blotting, and reactive oxidative stress generation and nitric oxide production were measured by DCH-DA fluorescence and a Griess assay, respectively. RESULTS: The administration of ADLE to HFD-induced diabetic mice reduced the hyperplasia, 4-hydroxynonenal levels, and the number of apoptotic cells while improving the insulin levels compared to the HFD group. Treatment of INS-1 cells with palmitate reduced insulin secretion, which was attenuated by the ADLE treatment. Furthermore, the ADLE treatment prevented palmitate-induced cell death in INS-1 cells and isolated islets by reducing the apoptotic signaling molecules, including cleaved caspase-3 and PARP, and the Bax/Bcl2 ratio. ADLE also reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species generation, lipid accumulation, and nitrite production in palmitate-treated INS-1 cells while increasing the ATP levels. This effect corresponded to the decreased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and protein. CONCLUSIONS: ADLE helps prevent lipotoxic beta-cell death in INS-1 cells and HFD-diabetic mice, suggesting that ADLE can be used to prevent or treat beta-cell damage in glucose intolerance during the development of diabetes.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.885-891
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• 2013

유색보리와 귀리를 이용한 당뇨환자용 즉석죽의 당뇨 개선 효과를 in vivo를 통하여 확인하고 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Type II 당뇨병 모델 생쥐(C57BLKS/J lar-$+Lepr^{db}/+Lepr^{db}$)의 실험종료 후 혈당의 농도는 대조군에서는 $426.0{\pm}15.4$ mg/dL이었으나, 실험군에서는 $352{\pm}12.2$ mg/dL로 약 17.4% 감소하였다. Streptozotocin으로 유발시킨 당뇨병 모델 SD계 rat의 실험종료 후 혈당의 농도는 대조군에서 $514.0{\pm}17.6$ mg/dL이었으나, 실험군에서는 $296.4{\pm}13.2$ mg/dL로 42.3% 감소하였다. Type II 당뇨병 모델 생쥐의 혈중내 인슐린 농도는 대조군에서 $7.9{\pm}0.5$ ng/mL이었으나, 실험군에서는 $12.8{\pm}1.1$ ng/mL로 약 38.3% 증가하였다. Type II 당뇨병 모델 생쥐의 췌도 내 인슐린 분비세포와 glucagon like peptide-1 분비세포에 대한 면역염색 반응은 실험군에서 대조군에 비해 췌도 내 인슐린 분비세포에 대한 면역염색 반응이 강하게 관찰되었고, streptozotocin으로 유발시킨 당뇨병 모델 SD계 rat의 췌도 내 인슐린 분비세포 및 glucagon like peptide-1 분비세포에 대한 면역염색 반응 또한 실험군에서 대조군에 비하여 인슐린 분비세포에 대한 면역염색 반응이 강하게 관찰되었다. 이상의 실험결과로 당뇨환자용 즉석죽은 당뇨병 유발 쥐들에서 췌도 내 인슐린 분비세포 기능의 활성화를 통한 인슐린의 분비를 촉진시키고, 혈당을 저하시킴을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.701-707
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• 2007

민간요법에서 항당뇨 및 항비만 효과가 있는 것으로 알려진 길경의 항당뇨 효과가 있는 지 여부를 in vitro에서 조사하기 위해서 길경을 70% 에탄올로 추출한 후 메탄올과 물을 섞은 용액으로 단계별로 XAD-4 column으로 분획하였다. 본 연구에서는 1) 3T3-L1 섬유아세포와 지방세포에서 길경의 추출 분획물이 인슐린처럼 작용하는 인슐린성 물질이거나, 2) 인슐린 작용을 향상시키는 인슐린 민감성 물질이거나, 또는 3) 포도당 자극에 의한 인슐린 분비를 향상시키거나, 4) 베타세포의 기능과 양을 증가시키는데 관여하는 유전자인 IRS-2, glucokinase, PDX-1의 mRNA 발현을 향상시키거나, 5) $\alpha-glucoamylase$ 활성을 억제하는 물질로 작용하는 지 여부를 조사하였다. 길경 추출 분획물은 인슐린성 물질로 작용하지 않았다. 반면에 0, 20와 100%메탄올층은 3T3-L1 지방세포에서 인슐린 자극에 의한 포도당 흡수를 증가시켰다. 이 분획층 중에서 특히 0%과 100% 메탄올 분획층은 분화 유도물질의 작용을 향상시켜 3T3-L1 섬유아세포에서 지방세포로의 분화 및 중성 지방의 축적을 증가시켰다. 그러므로 이들은 $PPAR-{\gamma}$ agonist로 작용하는 물질을 함유할 가능성이 매우 높다. 인슐린을 분비하는 세포인 Min6 세포에서 포도당 자극에 의한 인슐린 분비를 향상시키는 지 여부를 조사하였는데 20, 80 그리고 100% 메탄올층은 포도당 자극에 의한 인슐린 분비를 증가시켰다. 그 기전은 인슐린 분비와 베타세포의 증식에 관여하는 유전자의 IRS-2, glucokinase 그리고 PDX-1의 mRNA의 양을 증가시키는 것과 관련이 있다. 결론적으로 길경은 지방 세포의 분화를 촉진하는 물질, 인슐린 민감성을 향상시키는 물질 그리고 베타세포의 기능과 증식을 촉진시키는 물질을 함유하고 있으므로 우리나라 및 아시아의 사람들에서 많이 유발되는 비만을 동반하지 않은 당뇨병 및 인슐린 저항성의 치료와 예방에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제7권2_3호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2013

Mistletoe (Viscum album) has been widely used as a functional food material for various therapeutic purposes from ancient time. In this study, we examined anti-diabetic and cytotoxic activities of heated-treated mistletoe and the effects of gamma-irradiation on its activities. Heat-treated mistletoe extract was prepared by heating during different time (3, 6, 9 and 12 h) and gamma-irradiated with different doses of 0, 10, 30, 50, 70 and 100 kGy. Heat-treated mistletoe extracts showed a concentration-dependent cytotoxicity on rat insulinoma RINm5F cells and the effect was gradually decreased as heating time increased up to 12 h. 12 h heat-treated extract was no cytotoxic. Gamma-irradiation enhanced the reduction of heat-treated mistletoe-induced cytotoxicity and the decreasing effect was an irradiating dose-dependent. In particular, all of 70 kGy irradiated and heat-treated mistletoe extracts did not showed the cytotoxicity and the effect was comparable to 12 h heat-treated mistletoe extract. Among those extracts, 3 h heat-treated mistletoe extract gradually increased the insulin secreting activity by gamma-irradiation and the effect was the best at 70 kGy, whereas 12 heat-treated extract was no effect. On the test of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, 3 h heat-treated mistletoe extract showed the concentration dependent effects and gamma-irradiation induced more activity at 70 kGy, compared to non-irradiated 3 h and 12 h heated mistletoe extracts. These results suggest that the combination of heat treatment and gamma-irradiation might be more effective than only heat-treatment for improving the anti-diabetic activity of mistletoe extract and reducing its cytotoxicity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.479-499
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• 2022

The lack of a clonal renin-secreting cell line has greatly hindered the investigation of the regulatory mechanisms of renin secretion at the cellular, biochemical, and molecular levels. In the present study, we investigated whether it was possible to induce phenotypic switching of the renin-expressing clonal cell line As4.1 from constitutive inactive renin secretion to regulated active renin secretion. When grown to postconfluence for at least two days in media containing fetal bovine serum or insulin-like growth factor-1, the formation of cell-cell contacts via N-cadherin triggered downstream cellular signaling cascades and activated smooth muscle-specific genes, culminating in phenotypic switching to a regulated active renin secretion phenotype, including responding to the key stimuli of active renin secretion. With the use of phenotype-switched As4.1 cells, we provide the first evidence that active renin secretion via exocytosis is regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of the 20 kDa myosin light chain. The molecular mechanism of phenotypic switching in As4.1 cells described here could serve as a working model for full phenotypic modulation of other secretory cell lines with incomplete phenotypes.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.468-473
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• 2007

The antidiabetic effect of Amomum xanthioides(A. xanthioides) extract was investigated. Alloxan caused the hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia by a selective destruction of pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell. Pretreatment of mouse with A. xanthiodies extract for 2 days prior to alloxan administration completely protected hyperglycemia induced by alloxan. In addition, administration of A. xanthioides extract to alloxan-induced diabetic mouse significantly abolished hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, and, the reduction of size and number of insulin-secreting cells induced by alloxan. Administration of A. xanthioides extract to alloxan-induced diabetic mouse rapidly increased pancreatic Reg gene expression to 7 days, and then decreased. In alloxan-diabetic mouse. Reg gene expression was increased at 3 days after alloxan injection, and sustained until 24 days. The present results indicate that A. xanthioides extract contains potentially effective components exhibiting both protection and treatment of alloxan-induced diabetes. These results suggested that the antidiabetic effect of A. xanthoides extract may be mediated through the regeneration of pancreatic ${\beta}$-cells.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1995년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.89-89
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• 1995

Surface epithelial cells isolated from hamster tracheas and grown on a thick collagen gel become a highly enriched population of mucus-secreting cells. Epithelial cells from tracheas of hamsters were collected using enzymatic procedures and cultured under various conditions. The medium used consisted of a 1:1 mixture of medium 199 and Dulbecco's modified Eagle's (DME) medium which was conditioned before use. Insulin, transferrin, hydrocortisone, epidermal growth factor, and extract from bovine hypothalamus were used as supplement. Due to relatively low basal rates of min secretion from in vitro cultures, cultures are generally radiolabeled using $^3$H-glucosamine as a metabolic precursor. The radiolabeled mucinsreleased are quantitated by precipitation with TCA/PTA. Using this cell culture system, we investigated mucin release of goblet cells by altering the media bathing the apical surface of hamster tracheal surface epithelial(HTSE) cells. Acidic media added sulfuric acid caused sigcificant increases in mucin relesse (155${\pm}$20% at pH 4 and 146${\pm}$16% at, pH 5). Ammonium hydroxide also increased mucin release at pH 9.0(156${\pm}$17%) and pH 10(295${\pm}$9%) respectively. This additional mucin release seems to be associated with cell membrane damage as indicated by release of cellular LDH. SP stimulates secretion of mucin in cultured HTSE cells(154${\pm}$16% at 1${\times}$10$\^$-6/M and 165${\pm}$25% at 1${\times}$10$\^$-5/M. PAF at 5${\times}$10$\^$-6/M and 5${\times}$10$\^$-5/M enhanced by HTSE cells in vitro 168${\pm}$34% and 259${\pm}$30% of mucin secretion, respectively. The increase in mucin release by PAF and SP was not secondary to cell damage or necrosis. SP and PAF may be in mediating mucous secretion induced by inflammation irritantion and infection.