• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.87-105
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors associated with instrumental support (i.e., economic and practical support) from parents to their adult children. We examined both parents' attitudes toward instrumental support for adult children and parents' actual provision of instrumental support. From the data of the 2010 second National Survey of Korean Families, we selected 532 mothers and 524 fathers who were married and had at least one adult child aged over 25. Multiple regression analyses by the parents' gender showed that fathers were more likely to agree with instrumental support for adult children in general when they had unmarried children, had a lower household income level, had a lower evaluation of their socio-economic class, were satisfied with their own household economic situation, had positive attitudes toward caregiving for elderly parents, and were satisfied with their couple relationships. For mothers, they were more likely to agree with instrumental support for adult children in general when they had positive attitudes toward caregiving for elderly parents, were satisfied with their couple relationships, and perceived their child as someone to rely on in times of difficulties. Our analyses of the actual provision of support indicated that fathers tended to provide more support when they perceived that they were healthy, had unmarried children, were less satisfied with their household economic situation, had negative attitudes toward child-rearing, and reported a higher quality of parent-child relationship. For mothers, they were more likely to provide actual support when they were healthy, had unmarried children, had a higher level of household income, were financially preparing for later life, and less satisfied with their couple relationships. The findings of this study imply that it is imperative to distinguish the attitudes toward support from the actual provision of support and to also consider parents' gender in the literature on instrumental support for adult children.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.105-131
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• 2017

이 연구는 정부의 진보성을 도구변수로 이용하여 한국의 최저임금이 고용에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 최저임금의 고용효과를 일반적인 최소자승추정법으로 회귀분석하면 변수들 간의 내생성으로 인하여 진정한 효과가 상향 편의될 수 있다. 따라서 적절한 도구변수를 이용하여 내생성을 제거한 인과 관계를 분석할 필요가 있다. 도구변수를 이용한 분석 결과 최저임금 인상률의 증가는 고용을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 최저임금 인상에 따른 음(-)의 고용효과는 신고전학파 경제학에서 예측하는 결과와 부합되는 것이기도 하다.

• 식품기술
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.564-575
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• 2011

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.495-504
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• 2007

Objectives : This study attempts to show how studies using non-experimental data can strengthen causal inferences by applying propensity score and instrumental variable methods based on the counterfactual framework. For illustrative purposes, we examine the effect of having private health insurance on the probability of experiencing at least one hospital admission in the previous year. Methods : Using data from the 4th wave of the Korea Labor and Income Panel Study, we compared the results obtained using propensity score and instrumental variable methods with those from conventional logistic and linear regression models, respectively. Results : While conventional multiple regression analyses fail to identify the effect, the results estimated using propensity score and instrumental variable methods suggest that having private health insurance has positive and statistically significant effects on hospital admission. Conclusions : This study demonstrates that propensity score and instrumental variable methods provide potentially useful alternatives to conventional regression approaches in making causal inferences using non-experimental data.

• 페미니즘연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.79-111
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• 2009

이글은 서울대 여성연구소가 학력, 연령, 지역을 고려하여 선정한 38명에 대하여 '모성'을 주제로 시행한 구술생애사 면접조사 자료에서, 모성에 관한 이야기 틈틈이 발견된 아버지에 대한 기억들을 정리한 것이다. 38명의 구술은 아버지의 역할과 관련하여, 첫째, 아버지에 대해 전혀 말하지 않은 사람(5명), 둘째, 아버지에 대해서 간단한 부정적인 언급을 한 경우(5명), 셋째, 아버지가 경제적으로 무능력했지만 훈육과 따뜻한 보살핌을 준 경우(6명), 넷째, 다양한 역할을 수행한 아버지(11명), 그리고 다섯째, 아버지와 매우 친밀하고 아버지 역할이 중요하게 구술된 경우(12명, 그중 1명은 경제적 무능으로 세 번째 범주에도 속하여 겹침)로 유형화된다. 이 연구결과는 보편적 부성의 존재와 함께, 부성없는 부모됨이나 전통적 부성-새로운 부성의 이분법, 그리고 사회변화와 함께 등장한 새로운 부성의 명제가 적어도 한국사회에서는 부정된다는 것을 말해준다. 그것은 양육적 부성의 다층성과도 연관된다. 또한 대체로 따듯하고 양성평등의 가치관을 가진 아버지가 딸의 임파워먼트에 중요한 역할을 한 것을 볼 수 있다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.420-429
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• 2007

In this study, we attempted to evaluate the relationship between air dilution sensory test and instrumental detection method for individual odorous compound. For the purpose of our comparative study, we conducted the analysis of malodor on total of 46 samples collected from both industrial and food waste sectors using the two independent approaches. The results of instrumental analyses were explained after modification to several parameters such as: the sum of odor concentration (SOC), sum of odor quotient (SOQ) and sum of odor intensity (SOI). When we compared dilution ratio values (DRV) of threshold limit (TL) with the modified instrumental data sets, pearson coefficient of SOC, SOQ, and SOI were 0.556 (p=5.83E-05), 0.911 (p=9.64E-19) and 0.847 (p=8.93E-14), respectively. The results of this study thus suggest that the DRV of TL sensitively reflects odor strength measured intuitive.

• 복식
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.211-231
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• 2008

To conserve historic textiles, analyses of textile materials, pollutants and deterioration are prerequisite steps. Based upon analytical results, guides for conservation of historic textiles are established. In analyses of textile materials, pollutants and deterioration, there are chemical methods(burning, solubility and staining), physical methods(microscopy and density) and instrumental analysis(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy(FT-Raman), Gas Chromatography(GC), Mass Spectroscopy(MS), X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF, WDXRF), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy(EDS), and X-Ray Diffraction(XRD), Tensile Testing Machine etc.). Combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses makes accurate diagnosis of textile condition possible. As examples of analyses and conservation of historic textiles, Chuninsan(19 century) similar to sunshade with handing down historic textile and golden decorative skirt(17 century) with excavated costume are taken.

• 천문학회보
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.55.3-55.3
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• 2015

We study the possibility of new approach for identifying instrumental noise artifacts and sources of gravitational wave (GW) data such as LIGO and CLIO using various correlation analyses.To improve the quality of data for the GW signal search, the instrumental noises should be reduced in an appropriate way. Furthermore, it is important to understand the correlation between auxiliary channels of the GW detector. In this study, we investigate the possible way of identifying glitch triggers by generating time-frequency-correlation (TFC) maps between the related channels and compare the result to the current conventional schemes.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.623-630
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• 2008

A non-instrumental immunochromatographic (ICG) strip-test and direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DC-ELISA) for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) determination were developed and optimized. The detection limits of ICG strip-test and DC-ELISA were 0.5 and 0.004 ng/mL, respectively, and these methods possessed a cross-reaction to aflatoxins. The results of spiked samples by both methods were coincided with the amount spiked AFB1 and the comparative analyses of 172 real samples by 2 immunoassays and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed a good agreement. Especially, the ICG strip-test is easier to perform and quicker, but less sensitivity than DC-ELISA. Both methods could analyze a high sample throughput with short time, but the sample throughput of ICG strip-test was better. Therefore, the ICG strip-test can be used as a simple, easy, non-instrumental, and fast screening technique for AFB1 determination.

• Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.449-460
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• 2018

Objective: Prior functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) work has revealed that children/adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) show dysfunctional reward/non-reward processing of non-social reinforcements in the context of instrumental learning tasks. Neural responsiveness to social reinforcements during instrumental learning, despite the importance of this for socialization, has not yet been previously investigated. Methods: Twenty-nine healthy children/adolescents and 19 children/adolescents with DBDs performed the fMRI social/non-social reinforcement learning task. Participants responded to random fractal image stimuli and received social and non-social rewards/non-rewards according to their accuracy. Results: Children/adolescents with DBDs showed significantly reduced responses within the caudate and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) to non-social (financial) rewards and social non-rewards (the distress of others). Connectivity analyses revealed that children/adolescents with DBDs have decreased positive functional connectivity between the ventral striatum (VST) and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) seeds and the lateral frontal cortex in response to reward relative to non-reward, irrespective of its sociality. In addition, they showed decreased positive connectivity between the vmPFC seed and the amygdala in response to non-reward relative to reward. Conclusion: These data indicate compromised reinforcement processing of both non-social rewards and social non-rewards in children/adolescents with DBDs within core regions for instrumental learning and reinforcement-based decision-making (caudate and PCC). In addition, children/adolescents with DBDs show dysfunctional interactions between the VST, vmPFC, and lateral frontal cortex in response to rewarded instrumental actions potentially reflecting disruptions in attention to rewarded stimuli.