• 아동학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.187-205
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• 2012

In this study, 150 previous studies of young children's challenging behavior, conducted over the past 10 years, from 2003 to 2012, were selected. These studies were in relation to young children both with and without disabilities, and they were thus used for the purposes of comparative analysis. The major findings are as follows. First, research on challenging behavior not only of young children with disabilities but also of those without disabilities has been an increasing trend from 2008. While most studies of those without disabilities were based on observations by parents or teachers using a variety of tools, studies regarding those with disabilities mainly used single-subject research methods using an operational definition. Second, the bulk of the studies of young children without disabilities were focused on interaction between various children's internal variables and a variety of parent-related variables related to the occurrence of challenging behavior. In comparison, studies of young children with disabilities were focused excessively on direct intervention after the occurrence of problems. Regarding those without disabilities, the interaction between children's temperament, internal variables, and their mothers' parenting behavior, external variables were the main areas of interest for these researchers. There is clearly a growing need for more active research aimed at the prevention of challenging behavior. Challenging behavior in early childhood has an influence not only on each child's present and future academic achievement levels and their quality of life but also on the quality of instruction in classroom available to all children.

• 대한한의정보학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.89-161
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• 2010

"Byun Jeung Rok(辨證錄)" is composed of 14 volumes. In relation to the contents, it is organized into 126 gates(門) and 700 remaining syndromes(餘證) where internal medicine, external medicine, pediatrics, gynecology(內科 外科 小兒 婦人), etc. are divided into sub-sections of cold damage, cold stroke, wind stroke(傷寒 中寒 中風), etc. For every syndrome, the symptom, cause of disease, method of treatment, prescription, construction of prescription, instruction of medicine and prognosis.(症狀 病因 治法 處方 處方構成 服用法 預後) were explained thoroughly. This study, as an inquiry of the second volume, deals with wind stroke(中風), impediment disease(痹證), heart pain(心痛), side pain(脇痛), headache(頭痛), abdominal pain(腹痛), lumbago(腰痛) It was written very logically so it is easy to understand. The analysis of the symptoms are brief and appropriate. Also, in the usage of the medicine, the sovereign, minister, assistant and courier(君臣佐使) method was used as the basis for the prescriptions. Therefore, it is considered to have significant clinical value for future generations and is thus being applied by them.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2010

The present study purposed to prevent oral diseases and to improve oral health in children. For this purpose, we selected 70 cases who are 5~7 years old preschoolers at the kindergarten affiliated to G College in Gyeongsangbukdo, and analyzed the general patterns of oral care and the relation of the patterns with dental plaque and deciduous dental caries in the children. Specifically, we conducted oral examination and applied pit and fissure sealant according to the eruption of deciduous molar and first molar. In addition, we executed the 1st and 2nd tooth brushing instruction (TBI), and surveyed S-OHI and PHP twice. Excluding 14 preschoolers who did not appear in the 2nd survey, we performed the study with 56 preschoolers and drew conclusions as follows. 1. The number of decayed or missed or filled teeth among deciduous teeth was 3 or more in 42.9% of female children, and 46.4% of male children, so male children showed a slightly higher rate. 2. The degree of dental plaque formation was $1.64{\pm}1.22$ among the surveyed children. 3. The oral health index was lower after TBI than before in all the children (P<.001). 4. Change in the oral health index was particularly larger in 7 year old female children (p<.005). 5. The patient hygiene performance index was lower after TBI than before in both the buccal surface and lingual surface of the children (p<.005). 6. The patient hygiene performance index was lower after TBI than before in all of male children's teeth except the right maxillary first deciduous molar (p<.001).

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.308-322
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• 2004

Purpose: 'The purpose of the present study was to understand students' experiences from their standpoint, to identify relevant variables and to examine into their relations by analyzing and describing what phenomenon 'nursing students' visiting ambulatory bathing service' is, what are the reasons for the phenomenon, and what interactions are in the phenomenon. Method: The subjects were thirteen students. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed by Strauss and Corbin's analysis method. Result: With regard to ambulatory bathing service, participants responded 'lack of education', 'inexperienced personal relations' and 'disappointment with recipients families'. They recognized 'burden' and 'compassion'. The intensity of generated 'burden' and 'compassion' was determined by volunteering persons, the degree of health care service, recipients' response and interaction of climate. When 'burden' and 'compassion' were generated, participants selected their own coping strategies. Strategies in the situation of 'burden' and 'compassion' were significantly influenced by 'burden' and 'compassion' and structural situation - 'mutual relation structure,' 'volunteers' capability,' 'the degree of volunteering guidance,' 'community participation,' 'recipients' environment,' 'information sharing,' 'special vehicle equipment' and 'economical burden.' Strategies include' service training,' 'receiving volunteering training,' 'preliminary service preparation,' 'volunteering.' 'connection to local medical center,' 'intention,' 'information sharing,' 'passive response to recipients' appreciation' and 'the understanding of publicity'. The results of selected 'burden' and 'compassion' are described with 'worthiness' and 'cohesion' as follows. Conclusion: This study is significantly meaningful in that it examined bathing service welfare in its initial stage. There are not much outcome from previous studies. However. it is meaningful that this study intended to develop theories on the nature of experiences and the relations among concepts derived from the visiting ambulatory bathing service process of nursing students. Professors who taught social volunteering in universities understood the experience of nursing students who did the visiting ambulatory bathing service. Consequently, professors will provide an effective instruction to enable these students to carry out visiting ambulatory bathing services efficiently in order to meet demands when they conduct the services. For the volunteering service activity in major-related fields among college students' social volunteering activities, they recognized the necessity of systematic education and preparation.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.169-179
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• 2001

Recently, there has been an increasing interchange between South Korea and North Korea. Accordingly, there has been active research to understand the society and culture of North Korea, it has been attempted to have comparative study about nursing education to increase understanding between South and North Korea. In the current educational system, 12 years of education is required for entering a nursing college or university in South Korea, but there are only 10 years for entering nursing college in North Korea. After finishing undergraduate studies one can enter graduate school for a masters degree and or a doctoral degree, but there is a longitudinal relation to medical education in North Korea. Regarding the number of nursing educational institutions, there are 50 BSN programs & 61 Diploma programs in South Korea and 11 Diploma programs in North Korea. In regards to curriculum, South Korea has diverse subjects for general education for freshmen, then is subjects to basic specialities sophomore year, and speciality subject and clinical practices from junior year corresponding to the student's intentions. North Korea has minor subjects for general education and basic specialities in freshmen, speciality subjects sophomore year, speciality subjects and clinical practice in the junior year that may not correspond with the student's intentions. The most outstanding difference in the curriculum is North Korea has various subjects for oriental medicine with clinical application. North Korea also does not teach computer science and English is at a very low level. In clinical practice, South Korea has various settings for clinical practice including community health institutions under the nursing professor or clinical instructor. However, North Korea has limited settings for clinical practice (general hospitals) under a doctor's instruction. Also both South and North Korea have a similar licensing system. Therefore, there must be many more studies regarding North Korea, especially in nursing and nursing education in order to decrease differences and confusion between the Koreas and to prepare for a future unification.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.17-30
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to investigate teachers’recognition and teaching methods in Housing of Home Economics Text Book of Middle School and to provide the basic data for the improvement of its curriculum. Home Economics teachers of the 433 schools responded in nationwide to the mailed questionaire. The selected data were manipulated by percent and verified in the way of t-test. The findings of this study are as follows: 1. Most Home Economics teachers have ever taken teacher training but there are few who have never taken any teacher training in Housing. And even those who have ever taken the training in Housing are not satisfied with the training curriculum contents. Therefore, the result of this study shows that Housing should be included in the teacher training curriculum contents, and that the teacher training curriculum contents, and that the teacher training curriculum contents should be helpful for the actual teaching and learning. 2. It is necessary to allot more houres for Housing, in that most teachers actually allot more time for Housing than presented in teachers’guide, and to develop more teaching aids for the effective instruction of Housing. In terms of the suitability of Housing to the students’learning development levels, the degree of suitability is in the order of the significance of housing, housing sanitation, the types of housing, the space for housing, the ground plan of housing, the arrangement of furniture. The contents about the interior decoration and gardening of the existing text book have turned out not to be appropriate.. In terms of the relation between the place of residence and the curriculum, Housing is suitable for the city, but not for the farming, mining, and sea village, Teachers suggest that the content of the curriculum about Housing should be varied according to the location of the school. 3. The number of the teaching aids for Housing is in the order of picture, charts and pamphlet but not sufficient.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2008

분기 히스토리는 분기 예측기의 주된 입력 요소로 사용된다. 따라서 적절한 분기 히스토리의 사용은 분기 예측의 정확도 향상에 큰 영향을 미친다. 본 논문에서는 분기 예측의 정확도를 향상시키기 위한 방법의 하나로, 명령어의 연관성 분석을 통한 선별적 분기 히스토리 사용 기법을 제안한다. 우선, 본 논문에서는 명령어의 연관성을 분석하는 세 가지 서로 다른 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 명령어의 레지스터 쓰기 연산에 기반하는 방법, 분기 명령어의 참조 레지스터에 기반하는 방법, 그리고 이들 두 가지 방식을 상호 결합하는 방법이다. 또한, 제안된 세 가지 알고리즘의 실질적 구현을 위해 이를 적용할 수 있는 가변 입력 gshare 예측기를 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 모의실험을 통해 세 가지 알고리즘의 특징 및 장단점을 비교 분석한다. 특히, 기존의 고정된 입력을 사용하는 방식과 비교하여 제안된 기법의 성능 향상의 정도를 분석하며, 사전 프로파일링을 통해 얻어진 최적의 입력에 대한 성능상의 차이도 소개한다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.467-482
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• 2007

대학수학 지도를 위한 구체적인 자료를 얻기 위해 충청지역 6개 대학교(A대 36명, B대 40명, C대 37명, D대 96명, E대 36명, F대 41명)의 공학 계열 학생들에 대해 18개 항목과 미분적분학 지도를 위한 선행학습 조사, 수학내용의 영역별 난이도 조사를 하고 결과에 대해 표를 만들어 간단히 언급하고 외국의 연구사례를 이용하여 우리 실정에 맞게 다음을 적용해 본다. 1) 수학 학습 능력이 부족한 학생들을 배려해야 하고, 2) 공대생을 위한 수준에 맞는 교수 방법이 요구되고, 3) 그들의 수학적 배경에 기초하여 실질적인 교수 전략이 연구되어야 하며, 4) 수학 개념의 이해를 얻게 하려고 더 많은 자료를 개발해야 되며, 5) 공대생의 전공 학습에 도움을 주기 위해 공학개념과 수학개념 사이의 관계에 더 관심을 기울여야 된다. 위의 제안 이외에도 학생들의 수학적 배경과 태도가 대학수학 학습에 충분히 고려되어야 한다.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2004

장애아 교육이 효과적으로 이루어지기 위해서는 가정에서의 교육과 교육기관에서의 교육이 일관적이어야 한다. 교육기관에서는 각 기관의 교육적 철학, 운영 방침, 교육과정, 교수 방법, 그리고 장애아에 대한 학교 생활 정보와 지도 방법을 부모에게 알려 가정에서도 일관성 있는 환경을 제공하도록 지원하여야 한다. 또한 부모들도 교육기관과 함께 가정과의 관계를 긴밀히 유지하여 가정에서 발생하는 여러 가지 문제를 교육기관과 함께 해결해 나가야 한다. 본 연구는 이러한 취지에서 교육 정보 시스템을 개발함으로서 장애아 부모들이 학교로부터 여러 가지 정보를 제공받아 가정에서 장애아들을 지도하는데 도움을 주는 것을 목적으로 한다. 또한 본 교육 정보 시스템은 PC를 사용한 유선 인터넷 환경과 더불어 휴대폰 전화를 사용한 무선 인터넷 환경에서 이용할 수 있도록 개발함으로서 장애아 부모들이 시간과 공간의 제약성을 벗어나 원하는 교육 정보를 즉시 취득할 수 있도록 한다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.9-13
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• 1988

Mathematics education is generally to cultivate mathematical thought. Most meaningful thought is to solve a certain given situation, that is, a problem. The aim of mathematies education could be identified with the cultivation of mathematical problem-solving ability. To cultivate mathematical problem-solving ability, it is necessary to study the nature of mathematical ability and its aspects pertaining to problem-solving ability. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between problem-solving ability and classficational viewpoint of mathematical verbal problems, and bet ween the detailed abilities of problem-solving procedure and classificational viewpoint of mathematical verbal problems. With the intention of doing this work, two tests were given to the third-year students of middle school, one is problem-solving test and the other classificational viewpoint test. The results of these two tests are follow ing. 1. The detailed abilities of problem-solving procedure are correlated with each other: such as ability of understanding, execution and looking-back. 2. From the viewpoint of structure and context, students classified mathematical verbal problems. 3. The students who are proficient at problem-solving, understanding, execution, and looking-back have a tendency to classify mathematical verbal problems from a structural viewpoint, while the students who are not proficient at the above four abilities have a tendency to classify mathematical verbal problems from a contextual viewpoint. As the above results, following conclusions can be made. 1. The students have recognized at least two fundamental dimensions of structure and context when they classified mathematical verbal problems. 2. The abilities of understanding, execution, and looking- back effect problem-solving ability correlating with each other. 3. The instruction emphasizing the importance of the structure of mathematical problems could be one of the methods cultivating student's problem-solving ability.