• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2005

Objectives : We have been used many herbal medicines after processing to improve the effect, decrease toxicity and side-effect, and change property. We have studied the physico-chemical change and HPLC pattern of Morindae Radix by means of processing method. Methods : This study was investigated the contents of loss on drying, residue on ignition, residue on acid insoluble ignition, 50% ethanol extract and HPLC pattern of Morindae Radix(Morinda officinalis How.) by processed and non-processed. We have conducted Morindae Radix and Damnacanthi Radix which is circulated in herbal medicine market by forgery. Processed Morindae Radix was prepared by heating of added to salt(SP), liquor(LP) and Glycyrrhizae Radix solution(GP) for 20-40 minutes. Results and Conclusions : From this analysis, we found that the content of 50% ethanol extract was increased by processing method. And we were detected distinguishable marker of processed and non-processed from Morindae Radix(Morinda officinalis How.) by HPLC pattern analysis.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2003

Irradiation of an acetonitrile solution containing dimethylbis(4-vinylphenylmethyl)silane 1a in the presence of 9,10-dicyanoanthracene leads to formation of the intramolecular photocycloadduct, 2-sila-cyclobuta[2.3]cyclophane(2a). In contrast, prolonged irradiation gave insoluble polymeric material. The photocycloreversion of 2a occurs efficiently (quantum yields exceeds unity) by use of redox-type photosensitization in the presence of magnesium perchlorate. The transient absorption spectra generated by pulse radiolysis and gamma-radiolysis show that the radical cation species generated from 1a is different from that arising from 2a.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 1999

We previously showed that a methanol extract of Paeoniae radix decreased total cholesterol level in rats with hyperlipidemia. In order to isolate the active ingredient(s), the methanol extract of Paeoniae radix was fractionated with chloroform/methanol(4:1) solution and isolate into soluble part and insoluble part of the the methanol extract. Above two parts were tested on the experimentally induced hypercholesterolemia in rats for the lowering effect of serum lipoprotein contents. Hyperlipidemia was induced on male Wistar rats by feeding high choleserol diet for 7 days. After oral administration of above samples for 4 weeks, serum lipid profile was verified on these rats by measuring total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The chloroform/methanol(4:1) soluble part and insolule part showed lowering activity of total cholesterol level and triglyceride level at 4 week point significantly(p<0.01 and p<0.05) compare with the control group and the soluble part was more effective.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.155-160
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• 1991

Particulate is the foreign insoluble material in injectable solution inadvertently present in a given product. Considerable efforts have been made to avoid or minimize particulate contamination by pharmaceutical manufacturers during the production of parenteral products. Particulate contamination of the parenteral products can occur mainly during the opening (cutting) the container immediately before clinical use. In this study, particulate contamination generated during the opening process of ampoules (conventional type, 1-point and color-break ampoules) was compared with that of a prefilled injectable container (prefilled syringe). The particles were examined under a microscope after filtration of the total fluids in the containers. Particles having wide range of size distribution were found from all the ampoules tested. The contamination from the I-point ampoule and colorbreak ampoule was much less than from the conventional ampoule. Glass particles generated by cutting the glass-made ampoules seemed a principal source of the particulate contamination. The glass-partiaulte contamination could be improved substantially by replacing the ampoule containers with the prefilled syringe. Prefilled syringe, which can be used without any cutting process. did not generate particulates during the use. Therefore, it was concluded that prefilled syringe is most preferable container for the small volume parenteral (SVP) fluids in terms of particulate contamination.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 1985

Each parching Anemarrhenae Rhizoma with 25% ethanol and normal saline has been used for anti-inflammatory, expectorant, antipyretic, sedative and diuretic, and so on. In order to investigate the differences of referential efficacy about each fractionated part of the aqueous extracts, pharmacological studies were carried out. The results of studies were summerized as follows : 1. By the administration of 25% ethanol treated preparation (F-I-1), the increase in urinary volume and $Na^+$ extraction was significantly recognized. 2. The excretion of electrolyte $Na^+$ by saline solution treated preparation (F-II-1) was significantly recognised in normal rats. 3. The increase of urinary volume and urinary $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ excretion by F-I-1 and n-butanol insoluble parts of F-I-1 (F-I-3) was significantly recognized in $HgCl_2-induced$ acute renal failure of rats. 4. The increase of plasma $Na^+$ by F-I-1 and urea nitrogen by F-I-1 and F-I-3 in acute renal failure of rats was significantly recognized. 5. The increase of urinary volume by F-I-1 and F-I-3 was recognised in mice.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.88-104
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• 2010

Human melanocortin-4 receptor (hMC4R) has a critical role in part of energy homeostasis, and their heterozygous mutations related in genetic cause of severe human obesity. In order to study the structure and function of these membrane proteins, it is important to prepare the samples. However, the preparation of transmembrane peptide is seriously difficult and time-consuming. Overexpression and purification of membrane proteins was reported to be difficult due to their innate insoluble and toxic properties. Among the many difficulties, the most important is the difficulty in obtaining sufficient quantities of purified protein. Recently, we succeed to produce large amounts of the second transmembrane domain from the wild-type hMC4R (wt-TM2) and D90N mutant hMC4R (m-TM2) and proposed the structural difference of them in membrane-like environments. In this paper, we demonstrate the optimization procedures to express and purify wt-TM2 or m-TM2 peptides, and solution NMR studies in different detergents to get high-resolution spectra were also described.

• 약학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.2-4
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• 1948

Syringa oblata var dilatata (Nakai) Rehder is a oleaceous, deciduous shrub indigenous in the calcareous zones of Korea. The author researched the constituents of the leaves of the plant, especially the bitter principles which may be used as amara. According to the literature a bitter principle Syringin and Mannitol were isolated from the leaves of S. vulgaris L. And later on B. Power indicated that syringin and mannitol were widely distributed in oleaceous plants. The fresh leaves of the plant wer extracted with hot water, the filtered clear liquid was mixed with solution of lead acetate. The lead precipitate was filtered off and the filtered liquid was freed from lead by H$_{4}$S. The filtrate thus obtained was evaporated, and from the residue colorless needles, M. P. 166.deg., were obtained. It was soluble in water, in hot alcohol, and insoluble in ether and had a sweet taste. The results of the elementar analysis, M. P. and other characteristics agreed with that of d-mannitol. Finally it was proved to be identical with d-mannitol through conversion of it into Hexaacetyl mannitol, M. P. 124.deg., Triformal mannitol, M. P. 227.deg., Tribenzal mannitol, M. P. 224.deg., which exhibited no depression, when mixed with authentic specimens. The experiments to isolate bitter principles of the plant are in progress.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2006

Radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of Laminaria japonica and fermented its extracts were evaluated. Freeze-dried L. japonica was fermented by Aspergillus oryzae and extracted with distilled water. The extract solution was mixed with ethanol and centrifuged. The supernatant was ethanol soluble fraction, non-polysaccharide fraction (ESF), and residue was ethanol insoluble precipitation, polysaccharide fraction (EIP). ESF was subjected to sequential fractionation with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. To determine the radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of these, DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion radical scavenging activities and linoleic acid oxidation were tested. Among the extracts, ESF of fermented L. japonica showed the highest radical scavenging activity. The ESF showed DPPH radical scavenging activity of 64.33% at concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$. It was higher than 57.70% of vit. C. Ethyl acetate and butanol fraction had high value of radical scavenging and antioxidant activities, especially butanol fraction of fermented L. japonica was 79.48 % of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity at concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$. The fermented L japonica had radical scavenging and antioxidant activities higher than L. japonica. These results suggest that fermented L japonica is healthy food having radical scavenging and antioxidant activities.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.838-843
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• 2006

The chemical processes involved in the formation of green pigment in crushed garlic cloves were investigated based on the principle of pink pigmentation in macerated onions. Intact greening and non-greening garlic cloves were either left untreated or heated at $90^{\circ}C$ for 3 min to inactivate enzyme activities. First, a colorless ether soluble compound referred to as color developer reacted with glycine (among all free amino acids) in garlic to form a second compound insoluble in ether. The latter compound then reacted with formaldehyde to yield the green colored pigment. Alliinase activity was necessary for the production of color developer and for the development of green pigment. In greening garlic that had been heat treated, green pigmentation did not proceed due to the heat-inactivation of alliinase, but the addition of alliinase solution into the garlic homogenates restored the pigmentation. However, this phenomenon was not observed in non-greening garlic with or without heat treatment. Finally, the mechanism of green pigment formation in crushed garlicis similar to that of pink pigment formation in macerated onions.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.126-132
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• 1993

The objective of this study was to develop an artificial dentin for easy handle and accurate observation of the mechanism on dental caries and to screen biologically active materials from the extracts of traditional plants and fruits for prevention of early dental cares. In order to produce disc PAHA (artificial dentin), the powdered hydroxylapatite was immobilized in a 20% polyacrylamide gel. The characteristics of disc PAHA was very similar to the surface, figure and lattice of human enamel. After decalcification in 0.1M citric acid based on observation with SEM. The critical point of decalcification of disc PAHA by acids was found to be pH 5.0-5.5, which was hi agreement with human enamel. The degree of decalcification from disc PAHA in 0.1M citric acid solution was sixfold higher than that of human enamel. This result suggested that disc PAHA would be useful as a substitute of human enamel for in vitro experiment. The extracts of garlic and Flower Apple A, B seemed to inhibit growth of S. mutans. Especially, when the 300$\mu\ell$ of its extracts added to the medium to incubate S. mutans, F. apple B showed strongly an inhibitory effect in both the growth of S. mutans and the synthesis of insoluble glucan.