• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.95-106
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of coniferous essential oils (EOs) blended films on insect repellence and crop productivity. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film is widely used, especially in agriculture and for food packaging. Ethylene vinyl acetate was blended with LDPE to reduce volatilization of EOs. An EO from Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) was incorporated into the blend film to conduct field research on antimicrobial and insect repellent properties. Among the various concentrations of EO, the highest concentration (2.5%) showed the highest efficiency in terms of pesticidal activity. The ability to inhibit microbial growth can be explained by the lipophilic properties of the EO component, and many studies have already demonstrated this. Agricultural films containing all types of EO have been tested on various crops such as chili, cucumber, Korean melon and have been able to verify their effectiveness in avoiding pests and increasing yields. From these results, it was found that it is reasonable to use a modified film such as a composite film containing an EO for agriculture. Thus, the modified film containing EO has undoubtedly shown impressive potential for reducing the use of pesticides in a variety of ways, not only for agricultural mulching film but also for food and agricultural product packaging. This product is an environmentally friendly chemical and is safe for agricultural and industrial and food packaging applications, among others. In particular, the use of agricultural films significantly reduces the use of pesticides, suggesting that farmers can increase their incomes by reducing working hours and costs, and increasing production.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2018

The giant mealworm beetle, Zophobas atratus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a tropical beetle. As this beetle can be used as an ingredient in animal feed, the effects of brewer's spent grain (BSG) on the development and nutritional value of Z. atratus were investigated. As results, there were no significant differences on the larval survival rate, body weight, and duration at different content of BSG, mixed with conventional feed, wheat bran (WB). Based on these results, BSG can be mixed with wheat bran as a Z. atratus food ingredient without any problems. The nutritional value was compared between 100% wheat bran control and 50% BSG experimental groups. The moisture, crude protein, carbohydrates, and amino acids were 1.1-1.4 times higher in the 50% BSG group. In the BSG group, the linoleic acid content was 1.6 times higher than that in the control group. In the wheat bran group, the oleic acid content was 38.4%, which was 1.3 times higher than that in the BSG group. As minerals, the control and BSG groups showed high potassium and phosphorus contents. In terms of hazardous materials, four heavy metals (lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium) and two microorganisms (Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp.) were not detected. There were no significant differences in developmental characteristics between the wheat bran and BSG mixed groups, and the nutritional values were better in the BSG mixed group. Therefore, BSG can be used as alternative food source for rearing Z. atratus.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.36.1-36.8
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effects of the short-term application of insect-based diet in canine allergic dermatitis. Total 19 atopic dogs with concurrent cutaneous adverse food reactions were enrolled and classified into 3 groups. The treatment group (n = 7) was fed insect-based diet, the positive control group (n = 6) was fed salmon-based diet, and the negative control group (n = 6) was fed commercial or homemade diet for 12 weeks. The degree of skin lesions was evaluated based on canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index (CADESI-4). Additionally, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and pruritus visual analog scale were evaluated. All indices were evaluated every 4 weeks after the initial administration of hypoallergenic diets. In the treatment group, significant decrease in the CADESI-4 score was observed at 8 weeks compared to the baseline score (p = 0.031). There were significant differences in the CADESI-4 score between the groups at 8 weeks (p = 0.008), 12 weeks (p = 0.012), and TEWL at 12 weeks (p = 0.022). This preliminary result demonstrates the potential hypoallergenicity of an insect-based diet through features that diminish cutaneous lesions and skin barrier dysfunction.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.194-203
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• 2017

Mealworm, a type of edible insect, is a superior food material suitable for industrial products. In this study, four different defatted mealworm powders were prepared to determine proper manufacturing conditions. Solvent extraction method reduced lipid contents of mealworms more than pressed mealworms, and lowered lipid contents caused bright colors and good physicochemical properties for powders. In comparison, differences among milling machines used for making powders were strongly related with average size of particles. Meanwhile, the predicted shelf-life of defatted mealworm powders judged by accelerated experiments was 1 year or longer. To enhance shelf-life of mealworm powders, addition of tocopherol to mealworm powders at a concentration of 0.2% could intensify oxidative stability and microbial inhibition.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.273-276
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• 2010

One of stored food mites, Suidasia medanensis Oudemans, 1924 is first reported form Korea after the stored food surveys in 2008 and 2009. The morphological characteristic is given.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1150-1169
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• 2023

Edible insects are gaining popularity as a potential future food source because of their high protein content and efficient use of space. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are noteworthy because they can be used as feed for various animals including reptiles, dogs, fish, chickens, and pigs. However, if the edible insect industry is to advance, we should use automation to reduce labor and increase production. Consequently, there is a growing demand for sensing technologies that can automate the evaluation of insect quality. This study used short-wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging to predict the proximate composition of dried BSFL, including moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and crude ash content. The larvae were dried at various temperatures and times, and images were captured using an SWIR camera. A partial least-squares regression (PLSR) model was developed to predict the proximate content. The SWIR-based hyperspectral camera accurately predicted the proximate composition of BSFL from the best preprocessing model; moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and crude ash content were predicted with high accuracy, with R² values of 0.89 or more, and root mean square error of prediction values were within 2%. Among preprocessing methods, mean normalization and max normalization methods were effective in proximate prediction models. Therefore, SWIR-based hyperspectral cameras can be used to create automated quality management systems for BSFL.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.89-127
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• 1965

1. This report is on the outcome of observation made up the breeding process of Narcissus flycatcher, Muscicapa narcissina zanthopygia, using 15 ness-boxes at Seoul and Kwang Nung Experimental forest in 1964, and the relevant feeding habit was studied by the collar method of wrapping the necks of thenestlings for 50-60 minutes or more in some cases from 1963 to 1964. 2. The Narcissus flycatcheris a common summer resident throughout Korea arriving at the end of April. The earliest data of arrival of this species in Seoul, is April 26, 1964. They migrate southward from the later part of September to early part of October. 3. In a week after their arrival , they start to build nest after a brief courtship. Male and female prepare their nest ina nestboxes in 4 or 5 days. Nests are usually found in the moss, which provide definite frame-work. The inner side of the nest is usually composed of roots of Gramineae or leaves of pine, oak or other broad leave tree. 4. The laying period is generally from the later part of April to the middle of June : and the number of eggs laid is from 3 to 8 , therefore 5 in average : eggs are pink with traces of milky yellow blending of light auburn and orange red spots and chicken-egg-like in shape. 5.The incubation takes place for 7-12 days from the middle part of May to the middle of June, in the order of male and female . The hatching rate tends to increase in proportion to clutch size. 6. The feeding period usually lasts 15 days in average from the early part of June to the middle of July and the feeding urge tends to increase in proportion to brood size. 7. The animals invading into their nest-boxes are red ants, chipmunks, bees , barkbeetles and philippine red-tailed shirkes, etc. 8. On the basis of analysis covering 714 birds in 31 nests, the food they consumed during the nesting period of nestlings were mostly of animal matters composing of : insect larvae form-39. 88% insect adult form 36.26%, insect pupae-0.19%, spider-17.75% and other animal matters 5.92% , Besides a small amount of plant pieces were found . As to the insect larvae, Lepidoptera was the largest in the content followed by Hymenoptera , Orthoptera and Coleoptera. As to the insect adult, Diptera was the largest in the content followed by Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera. In view of forest protection, noxious insect was of 69.38%, useful insect 4.39%, and spider 17.75%. 9. The rich assortment of its food, the ability of acquiring various insect (adults as well as larvae), its destruction of great numbers of harmful insects , and its quick assimilation artificial nesting with the nest-boxes of 2.5-3cm entrance hole employed, allow us to conclude that the flycatcher may be successfully employed in the elimination of fores pests. The above results are only that part obtained near Seoul in the middle of Korea, however, if we would extend the scheme to other broad areas using similar techniques, the nest-boxes could not only be well used by the birds, but also it would help to prevent the increase of harmful. insects.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2020

In 2016, the two-spotted cricket was approved as a general food ingredient by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Additionally, the two-spotted crickets have high protein content (60%) and can be reared throughout the year even during the overwintering period. In this study, storage conditions were set in case cricket breeding was not possible due to problems such as breeding space and labor costs, and selection oviposition mats to determine high fecundity rates and low cannibalism rates for the eggs were investigated. The oviposition mat was mostly composed of soil (p < 0.05). Less than 62 crickets per 10 litters were found to be best suited for 1 day of spawning, based on the cannibalism rate of the eggs during the egg laying period. The results from the hatched eggs indicated that the hatching extended 12 to 14 days, and the best hatching rate was approximately 85% when stored at low temperatures(16℃) for 10 days. An efficient production proposed method that established the best oviposition mat and egg storage method for the cricket.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.741-752
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• 2020

Herein, the in vitro protein digestibility of lyophilized Protaetia brevitarsis larvae flour with and without defatting using 70% ethanol was compared with beef loin. Proximate analysis showed that the defatted larvae contained the highest protein content (p < 0.05). The viable counts of total aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli, and coliform bacteria decreased significantly after defatting the larval samples with 70% ethanol (p < 0.05). Measurement of α-amino group content and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed higher amounts of low molecular weight proteins in the larvae compared to beef loin (p < 0.05). After in vitro digestion, the degree of protein hydrolysis of the digesta was higher for both larvae samples compared to beef loin (p < 0.05). No change was observed in the in vitro larval protein digestibility after defatting. These results highlight the excellent protein digestibility of P. brevitarsis larvae with high protein content. Defatting insect flour with 70% ethanol could enhance microbial safety while maintaining excellent protein digestibility.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.171-174
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• 2014

Agriculture in Bangladesh is slowly transforming to the production of high-value fruit and vegetable crops to satisfy the nutrient requirements of their large size population, and this transformation is creating new challenges as regards improving and maintaining the productivity and crop quality. The country has a declining trend of insect pollinators due to habitat loss, land use changes, monoculture-dominated agriculture, and the excessive and indiscriminate use of pesticides. Such pollinator deficiencies can cause reduced yields, thereby threatening the subsistence of marginal farmers. In Bangladesh, growers enjoy free pollination services from the naturally occurring insect populations. While honeybees pollinate mustard, onions, and melons, many other hymenopterans, coleopterans, hemipterans, dipterans, and thysanopterans also visit the crop fields, making these insects significant for the food security, environment, and economy of the nation. Therefore, attention should be given to public policy, research, and human resource development that promotes knowledge and appreciation of the conservation and utilization of insect pollinators.