• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.493-498
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• 2012

Objective: The purpose of this study is to suggest the hierarchical structure with three layers of input task, input interaction, and input device. Background: Understanding the input interaction is very helpful to design an interface design. Method: We made a model of three layered input structure based on empirical approach and applied to a gesture interaction in TV. Result: We categorized the input tasks into six elementary tasks which are select, position, orient, text, and quantify. The five interactions described in this paper could accomplish the full range of input interaction, although the criteria for classification were not consistent. We analyzed the Microsoft kinect with this structure. Conclusion: The input interactions of command, 4 way, cursor, touch, and intelligence are basic interaction structure to understanding input system. Application: It is expected the model can be used to design a new input interaction and user interface.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.135-146
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• 2006

Multimodal interfaces are recognition-based technologies that interpret and encode hand gestures, eye-gaze, movement pattern, speech, physical location and other natural human behaviors. Modality is the type of communication channel used for interaction. It also covers the way an idea is expressed or perceived, or the manner in which an action is performed. Multimodal Interfaces are the technologies that constitute multimodal interaction processes which occur consciously or unconsciously while communicating between human and computer. So input/output forms of multimodal interfaces assume different aspects from existing ones. Moreover, different people show different cognitive styles and individual preferences play a role in the selection of one input mode over another. Therefore to develop an effective design of multimodal user interfaces, input/output structure need to be formulated through the research of human cognition. This paper analyzes the characteristics of each human modality and suggests combination types of modalities, dual-coding for formulating multimodal interaction. Then it designs multimodal language and input synchronization method according to the granularity of input synchronization. To effectively guide the development of next-generation multimodal interfaces, substantially cognitive modeling will be needed to understand the temporal and semantic relations between different modalities, their joint functionality, and their overall potential for supporting computation in different forms. This paper is expected that it can show multimodal interface designers how to organize and integrate human input modalities while interacting with multimodal interfaces.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.230-245
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• 2005

In this paper, we develop a gesture-based input device equipped with accelerometers and gyroscopes. The sensors measure the inertial measurements, i.e., accelerations and angular velocities produced by the movement of the system when a user is inputting gestures on a plane surface or in a 3D space. The gyroscope measurements are integrated to give orientation of the device and consequently used to compensate the accelerations. The compensated accelerations are doubly integrated to yield the position of the device. With this approach, a user's gesture input trajectories can be recovered without any external sensors. Three versions of motion tracking algorithms are provided to cope with wide spectrum of applications. Then, a Bayesian network based recognition system processes the recovered trajectories to identify the gesture class. Experimental results convincingly show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed gesture input device. In order to show practical use of the proposed input method, we implemented a prototype system, which is a gesture-based remote controller (Magic Wand).

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.284-291
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• 2006

This paper presents a seismic response analysis of bridge structures considering foundation-soil interaction and multi-support input motion. In the earthquake analysis of structures it is usually assumed that the input ground motion is the same at all supports. However, this assumption is not justified for long structures like bridges, because observations have shown the earthquake ground motion can vary considerably within relatively small distances. When the soil under the foundation is relatively soft and deep, analysis for foundation-soil interaction always must be peformed. To consider foundation-soil interaction, soil response analysis is preceded, and after determining the material characteristics of foundation element obtained by foundation-soil interaction analysis at the frequency domain, the seismic response analysis of bridge superstructure with the equivalent spring and damper is performed. Finally, influences of multi-support input motion, which are affected by different soil characteristics, are also considered in this paper.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.441-448
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• 2004

Mobile devices such as mobile phones or PDAs are considered as main interlace tools in ubiquitous computing environment. For searching information in mobile device, it should be possible for user to input some text as well as to control cursor for navigation. So, we should find efficient interlace method for text input in limited dimension of mobile devices. This study intends to suggest a new approach to mobile interaction using camera based virtual keyboard for text input in mobile devices. We developed a camera based virtual keyboard prototype using a PC camera and a small size LCD display. User can move the prototype in the air to control the cursor over keyboard layout in screen and input text by pressing a button. The new interaction method in this study is evaluated as competitive compared to mobile phone keypad in left input efficiency. And the new method can be operated by one hand and make it possible to design smaller device by eliminating keyboard part. The new interaction method can be applied to text input method for mobile devices requiring especially small dimension. And this method can be modified to selection and navigation method for wireless internet contents on small screen devices.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2016

Pen-based interaction is universally available on smart devices and especially on Tablet PCs. Previous studies compared various input methods like fingers, a mouse or a stylus pen on PCs or on a touchscreen based devices such as smart phones. At the same time, various soft keyboard applications are being developed on application stores of smart devices. However, these previous studies did not suggest which one is a suitable keyboard application for Tablet PCs when users perform a certain interaction as input type. In this study, we compared two types of input methods (finger and pen) and three types of soft keyboard applications (QWERTY, Gesture and Swype) in a Tablet PC using performance measurements (accuracy and input speed) and discussed what types of applications showed better performance with each interaction on tablet PC. From these results, recommendations for the keyboard types depending on the input methods on tablet PCs were developed.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.2 s.32
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• pp.116-128
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• 1999

A deep water wave prediction model applicable to the East Sea is presnted. This model incorporates rediative transter of energy specrum, atmospheric input form the wind, nonlinear interaction, and energy dissipation by white capping. The propagation scheme by Gadd shows satisfactory results and the characteristics of the nonlinear interaction is simulated well by discrete interaction approximatiion. The application of the model to the sea around the Korean Peninsula shows reasonable agreement with the observation.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.439-451
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• 2012

Maternal interaction behavior, language input and children's language of 34 multicultural families were compared with those of ordinary families. MLU's of multicultural mothers and their children were shorter than those of ordinary Korean mothers and children. Positive maternal interaction behaviors of multicultural mothers were significantly lower than those of ordinary mothers. Correlational analyses revealed that there were positive correlations among maternal interaction behaviors, mother's MLU and children' MLU in multicultural families. However, there were no such correlations in ordinary families. Findings suggest language education and support for multicultural mothers be an effective policy for their children's language development.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.62-67
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• 2009

Many interaction methods for augmented reality has attempted to reduce difficulties in tracking of interaction subjects by either allowing a limited set of three dimensional input or relying on auxiliary devices such as data gloves and paddles with fiducial markers. We propose Spatial Interaction (SPINT), a noncontact passive method that observes an occupancy state of the spaces around target virtual objects for interpreting user input. A depth-sensing camera is introduced for constructing the virtual space sensors, and then manipulating the augmented space for interaction. The proposed method does not require any wearable device for tracking user input, and allow versatile interaction types. The depth perception anomaly caused by an incorrect occlusion between real and virtual objects is also minimized for more precise interaction. The exhibits of dynamic contents such as Miniature AR System (MINARS) could benefit from this fluid 3D user interface.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.76-82
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• 2010

This paper presents a seismic response analysis of bridge structures considering the spatial variation of input ground motion. In earthquake analyses of structures, it is usually assumed that the input ground motion is the same at every support. However, this assumption is not justified for long structures like bridges, because observations have shown that the earthquake ground motion can vary considerably within relatively small distances. When the soil under the foundation is relatively soft and deep, an analysis of the foundation-soil interaction must always be performed. To consider the foundation-soil interaction, a soil response analysis is performed first, and after determining the material characteristics of the foundation element obtained by this foundation-soil interaction analysis, the seismic response analysis of a bridge superstructure with equivalent springs and dampers is performed. Finally, the influences of the spatial variation in the input motion, which are affected by different soil characteristics, are considered.