• Title/Summary/Keyword: Inorganic sulfur

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Inorganic sulfur reduces cell proliferation by inhibiting of $ErbB_2$ and $ErbB_3$ protein and mRNA expression in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells

  • Ha, Ae Wha;Hong, Kyung Hee;Kim, Hee Sun;Kim, Woo Kyoung
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.89-95
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    • 2013
  • Dietary inorganic sulfur is the minor component in our diet, but some studies suggested that inorganic sulfur is maybe effective to treat cancer related illness. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effects of inorganic sulfur on cell proliferation and gene expression in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured the absence or presence of various concentrations (12.5, 25, or 50 ${\mu}mol/L$) of inorganic sulfur. Inorganic sulfur significantly decreased proliferation after 72 h of incubation (P < 0.05). The protein expression of $ErbB_2$ and its active form, $pErbB_2$, were significantly reduced at inorganic sulfur concentrations of 50 ${\mu}mol/L$ and greater than 25 ${\mu}mol/L$, respectively (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of $ErbB_2$ was significantly reduced at an inorganic sulfur concentration of 50 ${\mu}mol/L$ (P < 0.05). The protein expression of $ErbB_3$ and its active form, $pErbB_3$, and the mRNA expression of $pErbB_3$ were significantly reduced at inorganic sulfur concentrations greater than 25 ${\mu}mol/L$ (P < 0.05). The protein and mRNA expression of Akt were significantly reduced at an inorganic sulfur concentration of 50 ${\mu}mol/L$ (P < 0.05), but pAkt was not affected by inorganic sulfur treatment. The protein and mRNA expression of Bax were significantly increased with the addition of inorganic sulfur concentration of 50 ${\mu}mol/L$ (P < 0.05). In conclusion, cell proliferation was suppressed by inorganic sulfur treatment through the ErbB-Akt pathway in MDA-MB-231 cells.

Inorganic sulfur reduces the motility and invasion of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells

  • Kim, Jin-Joo;Ha, Hwa-Ae;Kim, Hee-Sun;Kim, Woo-Kyoung
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.5 no.5
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    • pp.375-380
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    • 2011
  • This study investigated the effects of inorganic sulfur on metastasis in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured in the absence or presence of various concentrations (12.5, 25, or 50 ${\mu}mol$/L) of inorganic sulfur. Cell motility, invasion, and the activity and mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) were examined. Numbers of viable MDA-MB-231 cells did not differ by inorganic sulfur treatment from 0 to 50 ${\mu}mol$/L within 48 h. Inorganic sulfur significantly decreased cell motility and invasion in the MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05), as determined using a Boyden chamber assay and a Matrigel chamber. The activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly reduced by inorganic sulfur in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). The inorganic sulfur also significantly inhibited MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in the cells (P<0.05). These data suggest that inorganic sulfur can suppress cancer cell motility and invasion by inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity and gene expression in MDA-MB-231 cells.

Effect of Inorganic Nanocomposite Based Liners on Deodorization of Kimchi

  • Chung, Kwon;Park, Hyun Jin;Shin, Yang Jai
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.55-62
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    • 2021
  • This study aims to reduce the rancid odor generated during the fermentation process of kimchi by inserting zinc oxide (ZnO) into an inorganic porous material with a high surface area to decompose or adsorb the fermentation odor. ZnO activated by the presence of moisture exhibits decomposition of rancid odors. Mixed with Titanium dioxide (TiO2), a photocatalyst. To manufacture the packaging liner used in this study, NaOH, ZnCl2, and TiO2 powder were placed in a tank with diatomite and water. The sludge obtained via a hydrothermal ultrasonication synthesis was sintered in an oven. After being pin-milled and melt-blended, the powders were mixed with linear low-density polyethylene (L-LDPE) to make a masterbatch (M/B), which was further used to manufacture liners. A gas detector (GasTiger 2000) was used to investigate the total amount of sulfur compounds during fermentation and determine the reduction rate of the odor-causing compounds. The packaging liner cross-section and surface were investigated using a scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS) to observe the adsorption of sulfur compounds. A variety of sulfur compounds associated with the perceived unpleasant odor of kimchi were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For the analyses, kimchi was homogenized at room temperature and divided into several sample dishes. The performance of the liner was evaluated by comparing the total area of the GC-MS signals of major off-flavor sulfur compounds during the five days of fermentation at 20℃. As a result, Nano-grade inorganic compound liners reduced the sulfur content by 67 % on average, compared to ordinary polyethylene (PE) foam liners. Afterwards SEM-EDS was used to analyze the sulfur content adsorbed by the liners. The findings of this study strongly suggest that decomposition and adsorption of the odor-generating compounds occur more effectively in the newly-developed inorganic nanocomposite liners.

Deposition of Functional Organic and Inorganic Layer on the Cathode for the Improved Electrochemical Performance of Li-S Battery

  • Sohn, Hiesang
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.55 no.4
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    • pp.483-489
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    • 2017
  • The loss of the sulfur cathode material through dissolution of the polysulfide into electrolyte causes a significant capacity reduction of the lithium-sulfur cell during the charge-discharge reaction, thereby debilitating the electrochemical performance of the cell. We addressed this problem by using a chemical and physical approach called reduction of polysulfide dissolution through direct coating functional inorganic (graphene oxide) or organic layer (polyethylene oxide) on electrode, since the deposition of external functional layer can chemically interact with polysulfide and physically prevent the leakage of lithium polysulfide out of the electrode. Through this approach, we obtained a composite electrode for a lithium-sulfur battery (sulfur: 60%) coated with uniform and thin external functional layers where the thin external layer was coated on the electrode by solution coating and drying by a subsequent heat treatment at low temperature (${\sim}80^{\circ}C$). The external functional layer, such as inorganic or organic layer, not only alleviates the dissolution of the polysulfide electrolyte during the charging/discharging through physical layer formation, but also makes a chemical interaction between the polysulfide and the functional layer. As-formed lithium-sulfur battery exhibits stable cycling electrochemical performance during charging and discharging at a reversible capacity of 700~1187 mAh/g at 0.1 C (1 C = 1675 mA/g) for 30 cycles or more.

Nitrate Removal of Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewater by Autotrophic Denitrification

  • Liu, L.H.;Zhou, H.D.;Koenig, A.
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2007.05a
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    • pp.46-52
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    • 2007
  • As flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater contains high concentrations of nitrate and is very low in organic carbon, the feasibility of nitrate removal by autotrophic denitrification using Thiobacillus denitrificans was studied. This autotrophic bacteria oxidizes elemental sulfur to sulfate while reducing nitrate to elemental nitrogen gas, thereby eliminating the need for addition of organic compounds such as methanol. Owing to the unusually high concentrations of dissolved salts $(Ca^{2+},\;Mg^{2+},\;Na^+,\;K^+,\;B^+,\;SO_4^{2-},\;Cl^-,\;F^-,)$ in the FGD wastewater, extensive laboratory-scale and pilot-scale tests were carried out in sulfur-limestone reactors (1) to determine the effect of salinity on autotrophic denitrification, (2) to evaluate the use of limestone for pH control and as source of inorganic carbon for microbial growth, and, (3) to find the optimum environmental and operational conditions for autotrophic denitrification of FGD wastewater. The experimental results demonstrated that (1) autotrophic denitrification is not inhibited up to 1.8 mol total dissolved salt content; (2) inorganic carbon and inorganic phosphorus must be present in sufficiently high concentrations; (3) limestone can supply effective buffering capacity and inorganic carbon; (4) the high calcium concentration may interfere with pH control, phosphorus solubility and limestone dissolution, hence requiring pretreatment of the FGD wastewater; and, 5) under optimum conditions, complete autotrophic denitrification of FGD wastewater was obtained in a sulfur-limestone packed bed reactor with a sulfur:limestone volume ratio of 2:1 for volumetric loading rates up to 400g $NO_{3^-}N/m^3.d$. The interesting interactions between autotrophic denitrification, pH, alkalinity, and the unusually high calcium and boron content of the FGD wastewater are highlighted. The engineering significance of the results is discussed.

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A Study on the Wear Properties by EP(Extreme Pressure) Additive Composition in a Lubricated Concentrated Contact (윤활시스템에서 극압첨가제 조성에 따른 마모특성 연구)

  • 김용석;류재환
    • Tribology and Lubricants
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.159-166
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    • 2003
  • This research for replacement of chlorine or sulfur based EP(extreme pressure) -additives which is restricted materials by environmental regulation. The subject of this study is as follows, 4-ball test and friction coefficient test were experimented in accordance with temperature and velocity, compounding with several organic or inorganic metallic elements. After 4-ball test, wear area of steel ball was analysed by SEM-EDX. As the analysis, organic and inorganic elements make a effect for extreme pressure lubricity. It is shown that the friction coefficient of lubricant which includes chlorine or sulfur additives, the scoring phenomenon is found accord-ing to temperature and the scuffing phenomenon at 200$^{\circ}C$. Applying to Na, P, S, Zn, Ca based on inorganic and organic elements, the result showed that friction coefficient is decreased more and more, as increasing temperature of lubricant. The additive based on S, Cl, P elements is effect far extreme pressure in the sample#1 and Na, P, S, Zn, Ca in sample #2. These elements are environmental contaminants and S, Cl based on EP additives which are very popular in domestic industry, when they are properly composed with non-chlorine based on additives and Na, P, S, Zn, Ca organic or inorganic elements. It is showed that lubricity and excellent anti-wear properties.

Inorganic Salts which effect on IDOD Value (IDOD에 영향(影響)을 주는 환원성호기물에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, Hang-Joon
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.83-85
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    • 1978
  • IDOD (Immediate Dissolved Oxygen Demand) is a value of the oxygen demand after 15 minute of inoculation by inorganic reducing salts. Industrial development and urban enlargement are bringing water pollution deeply, and industrial waste waters are the source of the inorganic reducing salts. Author investigated the IDOD value change according to the inorganic salts and gained the following results: 1. IDOD value influenced by $Na_{2}SO_3$ is 81.4 ppm. 2. Generally sulfur compounds are highly effecting on IDOD. 3. The nitrite salt had little influence on IDOD.

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COAL DESULFURIZATION BY MAGNETIC SEPARATION METHODS (자력선별법에 의한 선탄의 탈황)

  • Jeon, Ho-Seok;Lee, Jae-Jang
    • Journal of Industrial Technology
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    • v.15
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    • pp.175-185
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    • 1995
  • Under the new environmental regulations announced by the government, utilities will have to cut their sulfur dioxide emissions by 60% from 1991 levels by the year of 1999. Sulfur dioxide emissions can be reduced prior to combustion by physical, chemical or biological coal cleaning. The new technology of high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) offers the potential of economic separatoins of a variety of fine, weakly magnetic minerals including inorganic sulfur and many ash-forming minerals from coals. In the present paper, magnetic separation tests have been conducted on Korean anthracite and high-sulfur Chinese coal to investigate the feasibility of these techniques for reducing sulfur content from coals. In wet magnetic separation, the studied operating parameters include particle size, pH, matrix types, feed solids content, feed rate, number of cleaning stages and etc. The results shows that for wet separation, 60~70% of total sulfur was removed from coals with over 80% combustible recovery, on the other hand, for dry separation, 47.6% of total sulfur was removed from coals with 75% recovery.

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Formation and Behavior of Sedimentary Inorganic Sulfides in Banweol Intertidal Flat, Kyoung-gi Bay, West Coast of Korea (황해 경기만 반월조간대 퇴적물 내의 황화물 형성과 행동에 관한 연구)

  • 김범수;이창복
    • 한국해양학회지
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.229-240
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    • 1993
  • This study investigated the behaviour of sulfur species after the early diegenetic reduction of sulfate from pore solution in an anoxic intertidal flat deposit in the Banweol area of Kyeong-gi Bay, west coast of Korea. A total of seven sediment cores were collected during 1990∼1992 and were analyzed for their solid-phase sulfur species (acid-volatile sulfur, element sulfur, pyrite sulfur) as well as for chemical components in the pore solution, such as sulfate, ammonium, hydrogen sulfide, phosphate and Fe ion. The pore water sulfate oncentration was found to decrease rapidly downward from the sediment surface, while that of hydrogen sulfide, ammonium and phosphate showed and increase. The dissolved iron concentration in pore water, on the other hand, was found high in the surface layer of sediment, but fell sharply below this layer. these characteristic profiles of pore water sulfide and iron concentrations suggest that some reaction occurs between dissolved iron and sulfide ions, leading to the formation of various sulfide minerals in the sedimentary phase. The amount of inorganic sulfur species in the sediment increased downward, and showed a maximum of up to 7.9 mg/g. among the three species analyzed, acid-volatile sulfur (AVS) was dominant comprising more than 50% of the total. The amount of pyrite sulfur was greater than that of element sulfur. This implies that the formation of pyrite was restricted in this environment. the limited amount of element sulfur in this deposit may have discouraged the active formation of pyrite.

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Gel Polymer Electrolytes Derived from a Polysilsesquioxane Crosslinker for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries (리튬-황 전지용 폴리실세스키옥산 고분자 가교제로 제조된 겔 고분자 전해질의 전기화학적 특성)

  • Kim, Eunji;Lee, Albert S.;Lee, Jin Hong
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.467-471
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    • 2021
  • A ladder-like polysilsesquioxane (LPMA64) functionalized with a crosslinkable group was synthesized and used for the preparation of organic-inorganic hybrid gel polymer electrolytes through a thermal crosslinking process of the liquid electrolytes. A small weight percent of LPMA64 polymer crosslinker (5 wt%) was able to form a well-developed network structure, resulting in good dimensional stability with high ionic conductivity. The lithium-sulfur batteries fabricated with organic-inorganic hybrid gel polymer electrolytes exhibited stable C-rate and cycling performance with excellent Coulombic efficiency due to the alleviated lithium polysulfide shuttling effect during prolonged cycling. The result demonstrates that the organic-inorganic hybrid gel polymer electrolytes could be a promising candidate electrolyte for application in lithium-sulfur batteries.