• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.630-638
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated the effects of dissolved inorganic and organic nutrient on the growth of dinoflagellate Alexandrium affine (LIMS-PS-2345). The maximum uptake rates (ρ_max) and half saturation constants (Ks) calculated from the uptake kinetics experiment were 77.0 pmol/cell/hr, 17.6 μM for nitrate and 15.5 pmol/cell/hr, 3.88 μM for phosphate, respectively. These results suggested that this species has high inorganic nutrient demand and a low affinity for inorganic nutrients. During the utilization of organic nutrients for A. affine, growth rates of experimental groups added by organic nitrogen (urea and glycine) and phosphorus (adenosine triphosphate and glycerol phosphate) were above 70 %, compared to the experimental groups added by inorganic nutrients. Thus, A. affine may need to utilize organic nutrients to understand the dominant strategy and advantageous position in the interspecific competition within low inorganic nutrient environments.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2024

A total of 180 21-day-old weaning pigs ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) with an initial body weight of 6.44 ± 0.01 kg were randomly assigned to 9 treatments for evaluating the effects of replacing dietary inorganic copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) with glycine (Gly) or methionine (Met)-chelated Cu and Zn on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. The experimental period was 35 days. There were four replicated pens per treatment, with five pigs (three males and two females) per pen. Dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet (CON), in which the sources of Cu and Zn were in inorganic form. The inorganic Cu and Zn in the basal diet were replaced by glycine-chelated (GC) and methionine-chelated (MC) Cu and Zn by 30, 50, 70, or 100% to form the GC1, GC2, GC3, GC4, or MC1, MC2, MC3, MC4 groups. The 100% replacement of dietary inorganic Cu and Zn with GC or MC increased (p < 0.05) average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain-to-feed ratio. The complete replacement of dietary inorganic Cu and Zn with GC or MC led to enhanced (p < 0.05) digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, Cu and Zn. Thus, the replacement of inorganic Cu and Zn with GC or MC can improve the growth efficiency and nutrient utilization of weaning pigs.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1049-1060
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• 2014

We investigated the spatiotemporal variations of dissolved inorganic nutrients along a saline gradient to estimate nutrient fluxes in the Seomjin River estuary during dry (March 2005, March 2006, March 2007, and March 2008) and rainy seasons (August 2005, July 2006, July 2007, and July 2008). Dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations were similar in the endmembers of freshwater for the rainy and dry seasons. In contrast, the concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphate and silicate in the rainy season were approximately 2-3 times higher than those in the dry season. River discharge was approximately 10 times higher in the rainy season ($212m^3sec^{-1}$) than in the dry season ($21m^3sec^{-1}$). The fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, phosphate, and silicate were 2.91, 0.004, and 2.51 tons $day^{-1}$ in the dry season and 7.45, 0.421, and 30.5 tons $day^{-1}$ in the rainy season, respectively. Although the range of nutrient concentrations were similar to previous results from investigations in the Seomjin River estuary, the nutrient fluxes were differed according to river discharge for different survey periods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 2018

In this study, effects of nutrient and inorganic carbon on single cell emergence during the cultivation of microalgae were observed using colonial green algae, Pediastrum duplex. The concentration of inorganic carbon had significant effect on single cell emergence and its growth, but nitrogen and phosphorus concentration showed minor effects. According to P. duplex cultivation experiment, single cell started to be emerged around 500~750 mg-C/L of inorganic carbon concentration and it was bloomed dramatically at the higher values. And growth of P. duplex was started to be surpressed at the single cell formation concentration. From the results, it could be said that when we operate the microalgae systems for cultivation/harvesting or wastewater treatment, in order to avoid single cell formation, inorganic carbon should be maintained to the proper level.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.192-200
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate inorganic nutrient contents in spur leaf and shoot leaf of 'Niitaka' pear during the growing season and leaf inorganic nutrient contents as influenced by meteorological elements. The contents of N, P, K, and Mg were decreased in spur leaf during their vegetative growth, while Ca and Mn increased. The contents of N, P, K, Mg, and Fe showed no differences between spur leaf and shoot leaf. However Ca, Mn, Zn, and Cu contents were higher in spur leaf than those in shoot leaf, but B content was lower in spur leaf than those in shoot leaf. The content of N in shoot leaf was positively correlated with mean temperature, whereas negatively correlated with maximum temperature. The content of P in spur leaf was negatively correlated with maximum temperature. The content of Ca in spur leaf was negatively correlated with mean temperature, whereas positively correlated with maximum and minimum temperature. The contents of Mg and B in shoot and spur leaf were positively correlated with mean temperature, whereas negatively correlated with maximum and minimum temperature. The contents of Ca and Mn showed significant differences between spur leaf and shoot leaf at mid-July to early August. These results suggest that sampling is important to distinguish between spur leaf and shoot leaf for diagnosis of nutrient conditions in pear trees.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 2013

Sustainability index was calculated to determine the best management for rice productivity under long-term inorganic fertilizer management's practices. It is based on nutrient index, microbiological index and crop index related to sustainability as soil function. Indicators for calculating sustainability index were selected by the comparison of soil properties and rice response in paddy soil with fertilization. Total twenty two indicators were determined to assess nutrient index, microbiological index and crop index in order to compare the effect of different fertilization. The indices were applied to assess the sustainability with different inorganic fertilizer treatments such as control, N, NK, NP, NPK, NPK+Si, and NPK+Compost. The long-term application of compost with NPK was the highest sustainability index value because it increased nutrient index, microbial index and crop index. The use of chemical fertilizers resulted in poor soil microbial index and crop index, but the treatments like NP, NPK, and NPK+Si were maintained sustainability in paddy soil. These results indicate that application of organic and chemical fertilizer could be a good management to improve rice sustainability in paddy soil.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.108-112
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• 2020

A certified reference material (CRM) for the analysis of nutrient elements in an edible mushroom (Ganoderma lyceum) powder has been developed (KRISS CRM 108-10-011). The mass fractions of calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) were measured by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID ICP/MS). To dissolve the fungi cell wall of mushroom consisted of chitin fibers, sample preparation method by single reaction chamber type microwave-assisted acid digestion with acid mixtures was optimized. The mean measurement results obtained from 12 sample bottles were used to assign as the certified values for the CRM and the between-bottle homogeneities were evaluated from the relative standard deviations. The certified values were metrologically traceable to the definition of the kilogram in the International System of Units (SI). This CRM is expected to be used for validation of analytical methods or quality control of measurement results in analytical laboratories when they determine the mass fractions of elements in mushroom or other similar samples.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.629-641
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• 2022

This research was conducted to secure fundamental data for development of a recirculating hydroponic system. To achieve this, Lycopersicum esculentum var. 'Dafnis' and 'TY Tiny' were grown with Yamazaki hydroponic solution and the inorganic element concentrations of plant leaves and nutrient solution of supplied and drained were analyzed periodically. The T-N and P contents in both varieties of tomato leaves showed gradual decreasing tendencies with the passage of time. The 'TY Tiny' tomato had higher contents of those two nutrients than 'Dafnis' tomato in the late stage. The K content of 'Dafnis' tomato was high in the early growth stage, but low in the late stage. However, that of 'TY Tiny' tomatoes rose in the late stage. The Ca content gradually increased in both varieties of tomato in the latter stages. The EC of the drained nutrient solution in both varieties of tomato showed increasing tendencies as time had passed, but the pH was get lowered in the drained solution. The concentrations of NO₃-N, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, and B, except PO₄-P in the drained nutrient solution were generally higher than those in the supplied solution, especially in the period of October through December. The above results can be used for controlling of nutrient concentrations in the recirculated hydroponic cultivation of tomato.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2001

The objective of this study was to estimate the amount of nutrient and water taken up at different growth stages by cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Eunsung Backdadagi) grown in a closed substrate culture system. The amount of nutrient solution absorbed increased in proportion to days from planting at the first stage of growth and depended on the level of radiation after the mid stage of growth. After the mid growth stage, the amount of nutrient solution absorption was maintained at 80-100 mg.MJ$^{-1}$ . Total amount of absorbed inorganic ions except S increased since the nutrient solution absorption increased with the level of radiation, although the absorption rate of each inorganic ion declined. A highly significant correlation ($R^2$>0.9) was found between amount of inorganic ions absorbed and days after planting, LAI, total dry weight and leaf dry weight, but not with CGR. Correlation coefficient between days after planting and the amount of nutrient solution absorbed per unit radiation level was 0.92. Correlation coefficient between leaf area an the amount of nutrient solution absorbed per unit radiation level was 0.97. Regression of the amount of nutrient solution absorbed per unit radiation level and nutrient ions uptake showed a high significance ($R^2$>0.9).

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2005

This study was carried out to estimate above-ground biomass and inorganic nutrient distribution for a Camellia japonica stand located Mt. Cheon-gwan, Jeonnam province. Regression analysis of biomass for stem, current twig, branch and foliage versus diameter at breast height(DBH) was used to calculate regression equations of the form of logY = a + blogD(Y: component biomass, D: DBH). Total above-ground biomass for a Camellia japonica stand was 115.2 ton/ha(47.9 for main stem, 1.4 for current twig, 53.4 for live and dead branch, 5.6 for current foliage and 6.9 for ${\geq}1$-yr-old foliage). Component biomass was non-linearly correlated with DBH, and the difference in biomass between ${\geq}1$-yr-old and current foliage increased in proportion to DBH. Current foliage and live branch showed higher N, P and K concentrations compared to ${\geq}1$-yr-old foliage and dead branch, respectively. However, Ca concentration of current foliage and live branch was lower than that of ${\geq}1$-yr-old foliage and dead branch, respectively. Total above-ground inorganic nutrient contents(kg/ha) were distributed as follows; K: 366.4. N: 442.7, Ca: 433.3, Mg: 118.4, P: 50.5 and Na: 25.3. The proportions of inorganic nutrient content for live branch were generally the highest in all the inorganic nutrients.