• Human Ecology Research
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.441-453
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• 2024

This study aimed to explore the characteristics of early adolescent girls with an over-distorted body image and to examine the influence of peer descriptive norm and peer injunctive norm related to body shape and peer pressure for thinness on social media on body image over-distortion. The participants were 505 female adolescents in the 1st and 2nd grades of middle school. Descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the data with SPSS 26.0. The results were as follows. First, the body image over-distortion group contained more 2nd-grader early adolescent girls than 1st graders and approximately three-quarters of the body image over-distortion group had previously attempted to lose weight. Second, peer pressure for thinness on social media significantly predicted whether early adolescent girls were in the body image over-distortion group compared to the non-distortion group. These outcomes suggest that it is necessary to create a social media culture that encourages early adolescent girls to have a realistic and healthy body shape. The results also highlight the importance of developing social media literacy education programs that inform early adolescents of the potential harm of negative comments on social media, and teach them how to recognize and dismiss indiscriminate and harmful comments and contents on social media.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.573-583
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• 2024

Smart devices have become an essential part of human life; however, excessive dependency on these devices has become a serious issue for both children and adults. In this study, a research model was developed which hypothesized that mothers' smartphone addiction influences children's media dependency, and that this effect is sequentially mediated by mothers' work-family strains and parental monitoring. To test this hypothesis, an analysis of data from the 13th Wave of Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC), conducted in 2020, was performed. The data were collected from 726 children (359 boys, 367 girls) with an average age of 12.23 years (SD=.30). The analysis was conducted using SPSS 27.0 and Process MACRO Ver. 4.2. The results were as follows. Maternal smartphone addiction increased mothers' work-family strains, which in turn lowered the level of parental monitoring, which was associated with an increase in children's media dependency. Furthermore, mothers' smartphone addiction had a partial mediation effect on children's media dependency. In sum, this study revealed that the mothers' smartphone addiction increased children's media dependency, and this effect was sequentially mediated by an increase in mothers' work-family strains and a decrease in parental monitoring. This study verifies that mothers' smart device usage as well as their working environment has a significant effect on children's media dependency. Therefore, to increase parental monitoring of children's media usage, mothers' work-family strains need to be reduced.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2024

Macular degeneration is a disease that damages the macula, the center of the retina, and is one of the three major eye diseases along with glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. The optic nerve and most of the photoreceptor cells are located here, and since this is where images of objects are formed, it is the most important area for vision. The main symptom of macular degeneration is the inability to clearly distinguish the shape of objects or the inability to distinguish colors and light and dark. It is also a serious eye disease that causes black spots in the center of the field of vision. However, it is difficult to distinguish it from the form of vision loss due to presbyopia, so early diagnosis is often missed. The most common treatment for macular degeneration is antibody injection therapy. This treatment requires regular injections once every 1-2 months. When receiving antibody injection therapy, the fear of having to inject directly into the eye and the cost of long-term repeated procedures are a great burden to patients. To overcome these problems, special sustained-release formulations using drug delivery systems are being developed. Since the release speed and release time of the drug can be controlled, the number of times the drug is administered can be drastically reduced. However, the implant (Ø 0.46×6.0mm), which is a sustained-release agent, is manufactured by mixing biodegradable resin (PLGA) and therapeutic agent in a ratio of 4:6, so it is very brittle and there is a high risk of implant damage during handling. In order to safely insert the implant into the eye, a transport device that can be driven with controlled force is required. Therefore, in this study, the lever operating force was measured and analyzed to determine the influence of factors according to the cross-sectional thickness and shape of the linkage produced through injection molding as well as the post-process.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.15-21
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• 2024

This study investigates the causes of wrinkle defects in PA12-insulated busbars used in electric vehicles and proposes an improvement method to address these issues. Busbars, essential components for efficient current transmission in electric vehicle battery modules, require complex three-dimensional bending to optimize internal layouts. For this study, oxygen-free copper busbars with a 0.8 mm PA12 insulation coating were subjected to three types of bending tests: flat bending, edge bending, and torsional bending. Experimental results showed that wrinkle defects only occurred during edge bending, while flat and torsional bending modes exhibited no significant issues. Cross-sectional analysis revealed that the PA12 insulation layer's thickness was uneven, with thinner sections on flat areas and thicker accumulation at the comers. This uneven distribution led to poor adhesion between the insulation and copper layers, resulting in the formation of wrinkles, particularly in areas with air gaps ranging from 75 to 250 ㎛. To further analyze the issue, finite element analysis (FEA) of the bending process was performed under adhesive and non-adhesive conditions. The results confirmed that wrinkles formed when the adhesion between the copper and PA12 coating was insufficient. Improved adhesion conditions, achieved through a heat treatment process at 120℃ for 2 hours, significantly reduced the occurrence of wrinkles during edge bending. This study demonstrates that optimizing the adhesion between the insulation coating and the copper busbar, through controlled heat treatment, can prevent wrinkle defects. The findings provide a pathway for enhancing the durability and performance of insulated busbars in electric vehicle applications.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.100-108
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• 2024

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of mechanical traction therapy on pain, symptom severity, and functional status in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Design: Randomized controlled trial study. Methods: The 24 participants in this study were randomly assigned to either the Mechanical traction therapy (MTT) group (n=12) or the placebo group (n=12). Both groups performed tendon and neural gliding exercise. Both groups underwent mechanical traction therapy with their forearms placed on a traction device. However, in the placebo group, the device was turned off, and a placebo treatment was administered without any mechanical stimulation. All the participants underwent 18 sessions of intervention (10 minutes, 3 days per week for 6 weeks). Both groups were assessed for pain using the numerical pain rating scale and for symptom severity and functional status using the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ), which includes two additional scales: the Boston Symptom Severity Scale (BSSS) and the Boston Functional Status Scale (BFSS). Results: The muscle activation, pain, symptom severity, and functional status in the MTT group were significantly improved compared to the placebo group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that traction therapy combined with tendon and neural gliding exercise. are a beneficial method for improving pain, symptom severity, and functional status in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.461-470
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to map the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) among under-5 children in Indonesia, address the triple burden of malnutrition, and analyze the impact of malnutrition on ARIs, taking into account the environmental and wealth disparities in Indonesia. Methods: This study utilized an ecological design, analyzing aggregate data from the Indonesia Nutrition Survey, 2022. It encompassed 33 provinces and 486 districts/cities, involving a total of 334 878 children under 5 years of age. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was employed to investigate the relationships among wealth, environment, malnutrition (stunting, wasting, and underweight), and ARIs. Results: The proportion of ARI cases in Indonesia was generally concentrated in central Sumatra, the western and eastern parts of Java, and eastern Papua. In contrast, the northern part of Sumatra, central Kalimantan, central Sulawesi, and central Papua had a higher proportion of malnutrition cases compared to other regions. Negative associations were found between malnutrition and ARIs (path coefficient=-0.072; p<0.01) and between wealth and environment (path coefficient=-0.633; p<0.001), malnutrition (path coefficient=-0.399; p<0.001), and ARIs (path coefficient=-0.918; p<0.001). Conclusions: An increasing wealth index is expected to contribute to reducing ARIs, malnutrition and environmental burdens in the future. This study emphasizes the necessity for focused strategies that address both immediate health challenges and the underlying socioeconomic determinants to improve child health outcomes in the Indonesian context.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 2015

This paper proposes a floating-type wave energy conversion system that consists of a mechanical part (yo-yo vibrating system, motion rectifying system, and power transmission system) and electrical part (power generation system). The yo-yo vibrating system, which converts translational input to rotational motion, is modeled as a single degree-of-freedom system. It can amplify the wave input via the resonance phenomenon and enhance the energy conversion efficiency. The electromechanical model is established from impedance matching of the mechanical part to the electrical system. The performance was analyzed at various wave frequencies and damping ratios for a wave input acceleration of 0.14 g. The maximum output occurred at the resonance frequency and optimal load resistance, where the power conversion efficiency and electrical output power reached 48% and 290 W, respectively. Utilizing the resonance phenomenon was found to greatly enhance the performance of the wave energy converter, and there exists a maximum power point at the optimum load resistance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.479-486
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• 2017

Steel beams with corrugated web have been widely used in the steel structures. However, it is challenging to weld the section between the corrugated web and the flange straight, which increases the cost of production. In order to solve this issue, steel beam with intaglio and embossed web (It is called an IEB) was invented. A web with embossment is produced by cold pressing and welded to flange by automatic welding machine. The loading tests were conducted to investigate the load-carrying capacity of IEB, and its test result was compared with that of H-shaped beam having a same size of flange and web. The test results of IEB series showed about 40% higher load capacities than H-shaped series. As a result of comparing the IEB specimen with Eurocodes for steel beams with corrugated web, all of specimens tested in this study did not meet the design value. Therefore, it is difficult to apply existing formula to IEB and new design formula should be presented for field application.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.36-48
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• 2005

Recently, developments of engineering technology are too fast change to educate the students in the college of engineering. The lag between the innovation of the technology and the education of the college of engineering becomes larger and larger. In this situation, the appropriate education update system is needed to change the curricula for the updated engineering education. In this paper, the job analysis method which is used in the technical service area is transformed to design the curriculum of the general higher education area. The job analysis method which is used in the technical service area derives the competence too detail and complex to used in the higher education area. for the higher education area, the social activity analysis of the alumni is needed to extract the representative jobs of the area. Also using this representative jobs, the job analysis and competence derivation is conducted. If needed, the regular expert meeting is held to converge the job-site opinions of the graduate and industry people. This curriculum changing process is provided as a part of the circular self-improve education system of the Electrical Engineering of the MyongJi University.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.45-56
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• 2018

Purpose - The Korean university education system is facing innovation and change, including cooperation between industry and university, Therefore It is important to activate the industry-university cooperation. This paper aims to demonstrate the factors that activate industry-university cooperation, particularly about the voluntary participation induction by industry and researching in path dependency perspectives. Research design, data, and methodology - The subject of this research were companies that are aware of the industry-university cooperation program. This research hypothesis is derived from the literature of previous studies of industry-university cooperation, This study have constructs that was defined operationally with reference to previous studies, this research model design to figure out structural relationship among technology leadership of university, university specialization, local network strength, fixation of local economy, recognition of path dependence, participation by industry, performance of industry-university cooperation. From 2017 July. 1 to Sept. 31, questionnaire survey targeting company staff who is involving in industry-university cooperation. 257 questionnaire survey had conducted. 249 investigated data were used for empirical analysis except wrong data. This data were used for AMOS(structural equation) & Regression statistics to verify hypothesis which developed by researcher. Results - The results of this study are as follows. First, technology leadership of universities has a significant effect on voluntary participation by industry. University specialization has significant effect on voluntary participation by industry. Second, local network strength has significant effect on voluntary participation by industry. but fixation of local economy does not affect voluntary participation by industry. Third, recognition of path dependence has moderating effect between Independent(university, company characteristics) and dependent variables(voluntary participation by industry) When recognition level of path dependence is high, preceding factors have a significant effect on voluntary participation by industry than recognition level of path dependence is low. As a result, the degree of recognition of path dependence was shown important variables that induce voluntary participation of industry for industry-university cooperation program. Conclusions - This study suggests that voluntary participation of industry is a very important factor in the achievement of industry-university cooperation. Recognition of interdependence as well as leading factors that encourage voluntary participation of industry is also just as important. If recognition of path dependence was high, Industry's voluntary participation was high.