• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.273-288
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• 2011

Recently, the rankings of Korean container ports in terms of container handling cargo volume were plunged down due to the emerging Chinese ports. The efficient container ports strategies which increase container port competitiveness were requested. In this respect, it is urgently required to draw out constituent factors for Port Logistics, weigh these factors, and finally focus on improving the suggested factors. The aim of this paper is to evaluate weight and priority values for 'inner consisted factors' and 'outer requested factors' of port logistics by using the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. As for the analysis regarding the inner consisted factors, the results were shown as follows: a storage and handling system (0.288) as the first rank; an information system of port logistics (0.210) as the second rank; an inland intermodal system (0.189) as the third rank; a ship's entering and departuring system (0.184) as the fourth rank, and a ship's berthing system (0.129) as the fifth rank. In terms of analysis regarding outer requested factors, the results came out as follows: a logistics cost (0.360) as the first rank; a port service (0.128) as the second rank; a connectivity (0.118) as the third rank; a hinterland condition (0.116) as the fourth rank; an convenience (0.106) as the fifth rank; a regional center (0.095) as the sixth rank, and an availability (0.077) as the seventh rank. For analyzing the priorities changes in constituent factors, the comparison of results between the year 2007 and the year 2011 was done. As the results, among inner consisted factors, 'information system of port logistics' was ranked first in the year 2007 while 'a storage and handling system' became the most important factor in the year 2011. Among the inner consisted factors, however, the logistics cost was the important factor in 2007 and 2011, respectively.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.95-114
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• 2009

The aim of this paper is to evaluate weight and priority values for 'inner consisted factors' and 'outer requested factors' of logistics system using the AHP(Analytic Hierarchicy Process) method. As for analysis regarding inner consisted factors, the results were shown as follows: a road transportation (0.312) as first rank; a marine transportation (0.269) as second rank; a railway transportation (0.239) as third rank; an air transportation (0.118) as fourth rank, and a pipeline transportation (0.063) as fifth rank. In terms of analysis regarding outer requested factors, the results were came out as follows: an infrastructure (0.322) as first rank; a performance (0.206) as second rank; an information system (0.151) as third rank; a human resources (0.121) as fourth rank, a business environment (0.075) as fifth rank; a connectivity (0.073) as sixth rank, and a political environment (0.052) as seventh rank.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.173-183
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• 2017

This study is for presenting the factors about success attribution that fit the korean security service conditions and developing the actual analysis of measurement tools by investigating the success factors of the security service agents. To this end, conducted a meeting from the fully open questionnaire at first, and then formed the semi-structured questionnaire, finally carried out the survey from the closed questionnaire and analyzed data from SPSS 21.0, AMOS 21.0 and developed the measurements. It was conducted from December, 2014 to June, 2015. This survey was conducted of 170 security guards after the verification of the content validity though the pilot survey and presented the success attribution factors and standards on the basis of the result form this survey. At the first and second analysis process, the success attribution factors of the guards consisted of inner qualities, external qualities, induction factors for inner qualities, and induction factor for external qualities. On analysis of the final data and documents, however, at the third analysis, the success attribution factors of the guards consisted of 'martial arts and physical ability'(4 questions), 'attitudes to work'(3 questions), 'support for the working environment'(3 questions), 'organized business skills'(3 questions), 'attitudes to the duty'(3 questions), and 'coping with crises(2 questions).

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.823-831
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was to investigate the level of emotional labor and stress on job satisfaction and the significant factors influencing job satisfaction in oral health professional. Methods : Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 297 oral health professional(mean age=$29.95{\pm}8.10$). Participants in the study were recruited when they attended the dental health form in Gwangju. Emotional labor was classified into two factors: external, inner. Stress consisted of four factors: sleep disorder&anxiety, self-confidence, health&vital, social role work. job satisfaction included growth development, stability chase. The data was analysed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and multiple regression. Results : The mean score of emotional labor and score was 3.13 out of a maximum 7 points. job satisfaction was negatively correlated with emotional labor and stress. job satisfaction explained 32.0%. Conclusions : Based on the findings, The emotional labor and stress was correlated with job satisfaction. These results suggest that further development should be continued to develop the effective emotional labor and stress to improve the job satisfaction of oral healthcare professional.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.99-108
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a nursing workplace spirituality instrument. Methods: Using 44 preliminary items which were developed in a former study, a survey was done with 469 nurses working in 2 city general hospitals. Data were collected from September 19 to October 10, 2014 and were analyzed using statistical packages SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. Results: The finalized Nursing Workplace Spirituality instrument consisted of 32 items and 6 sub factors: meaning of nursing, relationship with colleagues, transcendency through nursing service, inner self, interaction between the workplace environments, and harmony between individual and organization. A seven-point Likert scale was employed, and achieving a higher score in a particular factor and sum of all scores indicated high factor and Nursing Workplace Spirituality. Conclusion: Findings indicate that with this instrument, it is possible to understand nursing organization's workplace spirituality. Therefore this instrument is recommended for use in hospitals.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2011

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze factors that influence the job satisfaction of physical therapists working in hospitals. Methods: The study was done using a self-administered questionnaire associated with job satisfaction, which was completed by 352 physical therapists working in hospitals. Results: The average job satisfaction score was 3.16. Sub-items scores for job satisfaction were higher for overall satisfaction (3.21) and lower for job satisfaction of achievement (3.12) than the average score. Job satisfaction of subjects showed statistically significant differences with regard to differences in sex, marriage, type of hospital, year of total career, type of patients and motivation level (p<0.05). The average job stress score was 2.38. The sub-items of job stress consisted of problems pertaining to physical environment (2.28), job demand (2.54), job autonomy (2.31), social support (2.14), job instability (2.36), organized management system (2.44), inner motive (2.24), and job culture (2.26). Multiple regression analysis revealed that job satisfaction became significantly lower with increasing levels of job stress. Conclusion: These results suggest that the job stress of physical therapists is closely related to their job satisfaction. An effort to reduce job stress may be helpful in improving the health and quality of life of physical therapists who work in hospitals.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.903-916
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• 2012

We need to use aesthetic landscape assessment(ALA) as the means of riparian buffer zone(RBZ) management. This study verified the political validity of designation policy of RBZ and land purchase policy. The purpose of this study was to propose RBZ landscape management strategies through ALA of RBZ in Gyeongan Stream for the better attractive and healthy riparian landscapes. The natural type landscape units(LUs) covered 40.9% of the entire area and the cultivated land type LUs covered 20.58%. Landscape assessment consisted of landscape quality and landscape integration assessment. The criteria for assessing landscape quality(LQ) were naturalness, interest, uniqueness, and landscape function. LQ was ranked into five grades using a matrix. The landscape integration assessment consisted of an inner integration assessment in each LU and outer integration assessment among LUs. To review the propriety of designating the riparian area and the riparian ecological belt, differences in ecological appraisal and aesthetic valuation were reviewed through a t-test, Oneway ANOVA, and logistic analysis. The results of ALA, 29.15% of the entire area scored at grade 1 in LQ, while 31.95% scored at grade 5, indicating that grade 5 areas occupied a high share. Surveyed areas were divided into designated RBZ and undesignated RBZ. Results indicated that designated RBZ scored grade 1 in LQ took up 33.2% of the total, significantly higher than the 23.3% taken up by undesignated RBZ. When examined according to buffer distance, grade 1 areas within 50m took up 50.2% of the total area, lower than the 32.7% at buffer distances of 500m-1km. Results indicated a 1% statistically significant difference. Accordingly, analysis was undertaken for the expansion of designation of the riparian area and the selection of appropriate land for formation of a riparian ecological belt, and was designated at priority 1 and 2 for land purchase. This study can also contribute to the formation of a riverine eco-belt through discovery of design factors for upgrading the ecology, aesthetics, and landscape of the riparian area and application in determining land purchase priorities.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.11-18
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to propose a method of developing an improved Hanok. To achieve this, an investigation was carried out on the factors of the main floor plan in the improved Hanok development and an interview was conducted with residents who live in the improved Hanok development. The conclusions obtained through this study are as follows: First, The shape of 一 was marked at the highest in the Korean traditional plan types such as 一, ㄱ and 田. It is considered that this reduces the cost of construction by simplifying the structure of the roof. Second, the size was consisted of $5{\times}3$ Kan, the Korean traditional module that determines the number of columns and expresses the position of the inner wall. However, the Kan measure ments for the bathroom and multi-purpose room differed. Third, 57.6% of the 2 bedroom units were investigated. However, 60% of the residents preferred 3 bedroom units. Fourth, the results of the relationship between the living room and the kitchen showed that the residents preferred L+DK type to LDK type by 54.2% and 45.8% respectively. Fifth, the residents preferred a bathroom constructed next to the bedroom because they considered that the improved Hanok development would be used as an Inn during holiday periods. Moreover, they desired a plan where the bathroom could be directly entered from the outside. Sixth, the design for the improved Hanok development should have a suitable multipurpose-room because 72.5% of the residents have extended their house to accommodate such a room. Seventh, 61% of the improved Hanok units had an entrance space, which does not exist in Korean traditional houses. For this reason, the Korean traditional floor (: the Maru) was avoided due to its inconvenience.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.19-23
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• 2015

Non-pneumatic wheels have been widely used instead of general tube type wheels beause of many reasons, for example, wheel size, price restriction, heavy-duty problem and so on. Almost small size wheels or casters were non-pneumatic type but structural stability was not certified. This paper presents a double structured non-pneumatic wheel, called "smart caster", which consisted with inner and outer wheels connected by chips, and finite element analysis processes were conducted in order to determine important dwsign factors before actual design for mass production. For structural analysis ABAQUS was used under various boundary conditions with incrementally varied loads until 2,000N. Then structural staility was evaluated according to varied loads below ultimate stress. Generally stresses were concentrated at the lower parts of the wheel, and especially contact parts between wheel and ground. In addition, maximum stress appeared at contact parts between the wheel lower part and chips.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.143-152
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• 2021

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an effective technique to study chiral recognition because it offers flexibility in adjusting vital factors. Currently, various available cyclodextrins (CDs) can be employed for the chiral separation of numerous analytes. Herein, we investigate the enantioseparation behavior of lipoic acid enantiomers in various types of single and dual CD systems through CE. Additionally, several impacted CE parameters were optimized through the systematic investigation based on the design of experiment (DoE) concept for a single system comprising a heptakis (2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-CD and a dual system containing the combination of the single CD with a sulfated-β-CD. Consequently, absolute enantioresolution was obtained within 15 min on a common standard bare fused-silica capillary (64.5/56 cm in total/effective length, 50/365 ㎛ inner/outer diameter), maintained at 15 ℃ and at an applied voltage of 24 kV. The optimal background electrolyte consisted of 6 mM heptakis (2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-CD dissolved in the solution of 58 mM borate buffer at pH 10. Furthermore, the results of apparent binding constant experiments indicated that the S-enantiomer-heptakis (2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-CD complex exhibited a stronger affinity than its R-enantiomer counterpart. The obtained electrophoretic mobility values could be utilized to interpret the resolution achieved at various CD concentrations and the mobility behavior of the complexes elucidated the migration order of the enantiomers in an electropherogram.