• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.1133-1140
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• 2002

The growth and extent of the local pressure field at any point is of primary importance as it supplies the driving force for the local wind circulation which causes a medium-range transport of air pollutants. The local pressure field is produced by the variation of temperature in the lower layers of the atmosphere, and is called the thermal wave. The thermal wave is influenced by the difference in the diurnal variations between two regions with different surface condition, for example land and sea. This difference produces the land- and sea-breeze phenomenon, and brings corresponding variations in the form of the thermal wave. Daytime temperature over the inland area (Daegu) was higher than that of the coastal area (Busan). The temperature difference reached about 5~6$^{\circ}C$ in the late afternoon(30-31 May 1999). The low pressure system of Daegu was most fully developed at the time. In this study, we investigated the possibility of thermal low onset around Daegu in summer with an analytical model. The topography effect was neglected in the model. We could predict a thermal low-pressure of about 3.4hPa at Daegu with wide flat land surface, when the inland area is about 6K warmer than the coastal area temperature. The pressure decrease is somewhat less than the observed value(4~5 hPa).

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.243-250
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• 1998

This study is to find subjects for the Automated Container Terminal(ACT) development and container terminal system. Also we analyze the present condition of the container terminal system in Pusan port and its automation level by systems approach. And this paper aims at evaluating on the priority of R&D investment until the beginning of the second stage of New Pusan Port Project(2006). In this process we have considered 8 evaluation indexes(cost, labor, area, time, volume, reliability. safety, convenience) to analyze 6 subsystems. The priority of R&D until target year by sub-systems is as follow: 1. Cargo Handing System, 2. Transfer System, 3. Port Entry System, 4. Storage System (Distribution & Manufacturing System included), 5.Inland Transport System, 6.Port Management & Information System.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.43-58
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• 1993

There has been fast progress in economy in Korea derived by a consecutive five-year plan program for economic development started in the early 1960's. In the field of transportation, rapid changes in the technological environment of transportation and communication have brought a revolution of the transport system, of which inter-modal transportation through containerisation is typical. Because of the rapidly growing traffic volumes of cargo, especially container traffic, and lack of investment into transport infrastructure in the past, both road and railway are beyond their capacity. As a result, the public-road network has suffered a serious congestion problem. For instance, in relation to the corridor between Seoul and Pusan, today, it takes about 14 hours for the journey of container trailer through Kyongbu Expressway, for which it used to take only 7 hours in 1986. For the railway, though the congestion problem is not very serious compared with the road sector, a shortage of capacity on certain main lines has emerged as a problem as railway traffic has increased. Furthermore, the further expansion of the system in near future is difficult due to burden of higher construction the cost. Unlike these two modes, coastal shipping, which has been paid relatively less attention for commodity transport in Korea, shows no constraint in this respect. In addition, it is the most cost efficient mode of transport. This work therefore aims to make a proposal for the alternative inland transportation mode, which is to promote the coastal transport of container. Three obstructing factors for the promotion of the coastal transport are investigated and some solutions for those are suggested as follows : First, it appears to be essential to provide exclusive ports for the coastal shipping, that comply with simplification, specialization and rationalization. The optimum size of berths on the exclusive ports in Pusan port is estimated as 16-20. We found that it needs periodical study and publicity on the advantages from the adoption of the coastal mode. Inducing competition in the coastal shipping market is also necessary. For the supply of the fleet in the coastal shipping, chartering of the surplus ships in the oversea shipping is found to be more desirable than new shipbuilding. Second, to solve the fragmentation of the companies which wish to participate in the coastal transport, government has to implement the subsidy policy. The encouragement of participation of the shipping lines engaging in Korea-Japan run and Korea-East South Asia run, into coastal shipping also needs to be considered cautiously. Third, simplification of the document for entry in ports is needed for rational coastal shipping management. We can use B/L (Bill of Lading) for coastal shipping as a prerequisite to get the indemnity by P & I Club. The reduction of the government controls on entering and leaving the ports also needs.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.187-197
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze factors that have significant influence on decision making of inland transportation of shippers. The study was conducted in Republic of Korea and Northern areas of China where marine feeder lines are operated, and logistic regression analysis was used as a research method. More than 67% of the domestic shippers who received the questionnaire were found to make inland transportation decisions. As a result, the inland freight and unloading costs had a significant influence on the inland transportation decision of the shippers. On the other hand, in order to attract domestic and overseas shippers to generate profits, it is necessary to establish various infrastructures and incentives for government support to reduce inland transportation costs and freight charges by identifying needs of shippers. In addition, it is necessary to review the factors influencing decision making of inland freight in shippers and port facilities, and ways to create freight should be sought through continuous improvement efforts in these areas. An analysis using various factors which can influence inland transport is needed as a future study.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.133-140
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• 2018

This study is change of the street space of the port city of Yokohama and the transformation process of the canal. modern port city Yokohama is a region that was responsible for the development of East-West maritime transport routes in Japan in the 17th century and the inland transportation through fishing villages and ports. it has also grown rapidly as a regional port and new port. In particular, through the revitalization of trade between foreign settlements and Japanese residents in the port area, the existing fishing area became a modern port city space. Yokohama went through the following process and grew into a modern port city. The construction of the port harbor and the maintenance of existing logistics functions, the formation of the central horizontal axis through maintenance of the fishing village, the construction of the logistics movement route to the inland area through the construction of the canal, the expansion of the horizon for fire prevention and fire restoration, The formation of a new settlement space according to the movement, the transformation of the existing religious axis by the combination of the elaboration and the introduction of modern transportation, and the spatial connection between the inland cities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.81-99
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• 1996

This study aims to assess the potential competition among road, rail, and coastal transport under various scenarios concerning the future inland container transport systems in Pusan-KyungIn corridor. For this SP approaches are adopted to collect data from shippers and carriers, and multinomial logit models are estimated at disaggragate level. The results of the analysis indicate that the SP data are reliable, and that the mode choice models estimated are valid. The results also indicate that the most effective policy to divert the freight volume from road to other modes is to reduce freight rates for the railway, and is to transport time for the coastal water with improved reliability.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.55-69
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• 1991

A Container terminal is a physical link between the ocean and land modes of transport and a major component of the container physical distribution system. A number of projects to increase terminal productivity in the world were found to be tied directly to increasing the efficiency of the intermodal activities, that is, to improving the physical distribution process. This is an indication that the productivity of container terminal is being considered withing a system prospective. The purpose of this study is to establish a model of the container physical distribution system for Pusan port linked with 4 sub-systems including Navigational aids system, Cargo handling/transfer/storage system on dock, Off-dock CY system and In-land transport connection system. and to analyze the system. From this analysis, we found that the system had three bottlenecks on the container physical distribution process in Pusan port : a) cargo handling b) storage and c) inland transport, and showed a way to improve the system.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.8 s.104
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• pp.709-714
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to verify the strategic fitness and relevance of the hub port strategy by SCM in Northeast Asia and to find a method to be a hub-port with a competitive edge. The fitness of the hub port development strategy is analysed by the structural equation model. The essential results of the research show that minimizing lead time from arrival of ship to inland transport and maximizing logistic services of each stage are important to provide optimal logistic service. And value-added port supply chain strategy is highly co-related with all the parts of port operation system, port transport system, distribution park and port information system. It shows that: various value added logistic service activity is more important than lowing cost; inland multimodal system should be rightly connected; distribution park should be connected to industry park to be a port cluster; and port information system should be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.63-84
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• 1980

Since 1972 the growth of container services in Korea has been explosive and many shipping lines have heavily committed themselves to containerization as a means of lowering their operational costs by introducing capital-intensive methods to the traditionally labour-intensive field of general cargoes. However, by the lack of comprehensive long-range planning for the reception of containerization there has been bottle-neck at some of the stages along which import-export cargo may pass through a berth to shippers' premises. The aim of this article is to examine the present status of containerization in Korea and assess the implications of containerization for the location of the various distributive facilities: ports, inland container transport, inland clearance depots, groupage terminals, distribution depots at the national level.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.307-312
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• 2014

This study suggested the ARIMA model taking into consideration the seasonal characteristic factor as a method for efficiently forecasting passenger transport demand of the Joongang Line. The forecasting model was built including the demand for the central inland region tourist train (O-train, V-train), which was opened to traffic in April-, 2013 and run in order to reflect the recent demand for the tourism industry. By using the monthly time series data (103) from January-, 2005 to July-, 2013, the optimum model was selected. The forecasting results of passenger transport demand of the Joongang Line showed continuous increase. The developed model forecasts the short-term demand of the Joongang Line.