• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-68
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• 2011

The topic of this study is the translation of "Byun Jeung Rok Vol.VII(辨證錄七卷)". Byun Jeung Rok is a complete book of medicine which was written by Jin Sa tak(陣士鐸) in the early years of the Ching dynasty. Of this, the seventh volume is composed of 6 disease-patterns(病證) and 55 subtopics. Byun Jeung Rok(辨證錄) explains disease-patterns(病證) through the unique and outstanding perspective of the individual author. This topic was studied in hopes of helping later students by showing to the world, through its translation, the author's understanding of disease pattern. The organized characteristics of "Byun Jeung Rok(辨證錄) Vol.VII" is as follows. 1. Byun Jeung Rok based his theory on the traditional paradigm, Yin-Yang and Five phases. and criticized another doctor's misleading opinion by it. 2. Jin Sa tak thought it highly important to distinguish the internal injury and the external wound. and this view was influenced by Ming dynasty's doctors. 3. Jin Sa tak very often used providing nutrition to patients as a way of treatment. because he thought that a variety of diseases are caused by the weakness of organs.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze the foot-pressure distribution of Tennis Shoes for assessing their functionality. 10 university male students (shoe size: 265mm) who had no history of injury in the lower extremity and a normal gait pattern participated in this study. Four types of tennis shoes, most popular in Korea (A, B, C & D company), were selected and tested. Using the PEDAR-X system and PEDAR-X insoles, 4 different motion stages were analyzed for the foot-pressure distribution: (a) straight running; (b) c-cut($45^{\circ}$ left turn running; (c) forehand stroke; and (d) backhand stroke. Results revealed that in all stages, there were no statistically significant differences among the types of shoes; however, descriptive statistics indicated that functionality of shoe types was somewhat different depending on the type of stages. The order in functionality found was C>A>B>D.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.823-840
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone on the healing aspect of gingiva and alveolar bone after extraction. Extracted socket of 24 Sprague-Dawley rat was used. To extract easily and minimize injury, ${\beta}-APN$ 0.2g/kg/day soluted in mineral water was administrated for 5 days before extraction in both group. Ampicillin 1.5ml/kg i.m.,q.d, was administered for preventing infection after teeth extraction in both group, and dexamethasone 0.2mg/kg/day was injected for 3 days in experimental group.3 rats on each day was sacrificed on 1, 3, 7, 15 days after extraction. Histologic examination and the activity of osteoclasts by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase was observed. The results were as follows : 1. The Overall healing pattern was similar with both the experimental and control group, but in experimental group osseous healing was delayed. 2. The activity of osteoclasts was increased to day 3 and then decreased after day 3 in the experimental group. In comparison to the control group, the experimental group showed increased appearance to day 7 and then decreased appearance following day. 3. Regarding to the change of osseous tissue, the activity of osteoblasts was shown at day 7,but osteoclastic activity of the experimental group was less than that of the control group. The osteoclastic activity was statistically significant between two groups except day 7(p<0.05, p<0.01). In conclusion, the effects of dexamethasone for healing of extraction socket were considered as limiting the activity of osteoclasts, and the healing of extraction socket was delayed.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.102-105
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• 2012

Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) has become an important cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). First delineated from other proteinuric glomerular lesions in the 1980s, CG is now recognized as a common, distinct pattern of proliferative parenchymal injury that portends a rapid loss of renal function and poor responses to empirical therapy. The first cases in the literature trace back to human-immunodeficiency-virus(HIV)-negative patients who underwent biopsy in 1979. A 45-year-old male patient complained of hematuria and proteinuria eight years ago. He showed an abrupt serum creatinine increase from 1.75 to 2.65 mg/dL in the last preceding months. Afterwards, his serum creatinine progressively increased up to 6.82 mg/dL. Moreover, his 24 h urine protein level was determined to have reached 6,171 mg/day, as opposed to 670 mg/day a year earlier. Consequently, renal biopsy was performed, and its result showed collapsing glomerulopathy, compatible with the diagnosis. He has undergone continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis as renal replacement therapy. Thus, it is reported herein that a patient clinically diagnosed with chronic kidney disease eight years ago showed a sudden renal-function decrease and was clinicopathologically diagnosed with collapsing glomerulopathy based on the results of his renal biopsy.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.152-158
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• 2015

Background: Acromioclavicular (AC) stability is maintained through a complex combination of soft-tissue restraints that include coracoclavicular (CC), AC ligament and overlying muscles. Among these structures, the role of the CC ligament has continued to be studied because of its importance on shoulder kinematics, especially after AC injury. This study was designed to determine the geometric change of conoid and trapezoid ligaments and resulting stresses on these ligaments according to various scapular motions. Methods: The scapuloclavicular (SC) complex was isolated from a fresh-frozen cadaver by removing all soft tissues except the AC and CC ligaments. The anatomically aligned SC complex was then scanned with a high-resolution computed tomography scanner into 0.6- mm slices. The Finite element model of the SC complex was obtained and used for calculating the stress on different parts of the CC ligaments with simulated movements of the scapula. Results: Average stress on the conoid ligament during anterior tilt, internal rotation, and scapular protraction was higher, whereas the stress on the trapezoid ligament was more prominent during posterior tilt, external rotation, and retraction. Conclusions: We conclude that CC ligament plays an integral role in regulating horizontal SC motion as well as complex motions indicated by increased stress over the ligament with an incremental scapular position change. The conoid ligament is the key structure restraining scapular protraction that might occur in high-grade AC dislocation. Hence in CC ligament reconstructions involving only single bundle, every attempt must be made to reconstruct conoid part of CC ligament as anatomically as possible.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2009

Purpose: This study evaluates MCP-1 expression in the dorsal horn of a rat model of lumbar disc herniation by an autograft of the nucleus pulposus to the spinal nerve. Methods: After a coccygeal nucleus pulposus graft to the left $5^{th}$ lumbar spinal nerve, proximal to dorsal root ganglion, mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were assessed 1 day before surgery, and 1, 10, 20, 30 days after surgery. The mRNA of MCP-1 in the dorsal horn was assessed by real time PCR to compare the temporal pattern of neuropathic pain of the lumbar disc herniation model. Results: In the ipsilateral side of the lumbar disc herniation models, mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia reached a maximum at 10 days after surgery with significant difference from the control group. Pain was also provoked in the contralateral side of the lumbar disc herniation models with less intensity than the ipsilateral side. The level of MCP-1 mRNA expression in the dorsal horn reached a peak at 20 days after surgery. Conclusion: Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia was induced by nucleus pulposus in a rat lumbar disc herniation model, similar to a previously reported peripheral nerve injury model. The level of MCP-1 expression was higher in the dorsal horn of the ipsilateral and contralateral sides. These results suggest that MCP-1 might play a role in the maintenance of neuropathic pain.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.101-105
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• 2007

Purpose: This study aimed to find any difference in the clinical or the anatomical findings of vertebral artery dissection (VAD) between the trauma and the non-trauma groups. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data and radiologic images of VAD patients. We compared data on symptoms, neurologic deficit, National institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS) at admission, Rankin score (RS) at admission and discharge, and radiological findings including anatomical features, between the trauma and the non-trauma groups. Results: From January 1997 to May 2006, 42 patients were enrolled and 13 patients (31%) had a history of earlier trauma. Focal neurologic deficit (trauma group 11/13 vs. non-trauma group 11/29), cerebral stroke (10/13 vs. 9/29), and extradural lesions of dissection (6/13 vs. 3/28) were more common in the trauma group than non-trauma group (p=0.007, p=0.017, p=0.018, respectively) and NIHSS at admission and discharge were significantly higher (p=0.012, p=0.001, respectively). Dissecting aneurysms were less frequent in the trauma group (2/13 vs. 19/29, p=0.006). Subarachnoid hemorrhage and unfavorable prognostic value (Rankin score at discharge ${\geq}$ 2) showed no differences between the groups (p=0.540, p=0.267, respectively). Conclusion: In VAD patients after trauma, focal neurologic deficit due to ischemic stroke and a steno-occlusive pattern are more frequent than they are in non-trauma patients. The location of dissection was most frequent at the extradural vertebral artery in the trauma group. NIHSS was higher in the trauma groups but the incidence of an unfavorable prognostic value (RS ${\geq}$ 2) was not significantly different between the groups.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.283-291
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the head and tibial acceleration signal magnitudes, and their powers and shock attenuations between flat-footed and normal-footed running. Methods : Ten flat-footed and ten normal-footed subjects ran barefoot on a treadmill with a force plate at 3.22m/s averaged from their preferred running speed using heel-toe running pattern while the head and tibial acceleration in the vertical axis data was collected. The accelerometers were sampled at 2000 Hz and voltage was set at 100 mv, respectively. The peak magnitudes of the head and tibial acceleration signals in time domain were calculated. The power spectral density(PSD) of each signal in the frequency domain was also calculated. In addition to that, shock attenuation was calculated by a transfer function of the head PSD relative to the tibia PSD. A one-way analysis of variance was used to determine the difference in time and frequency domain acceleration variables between the flat-footed and normal-footed groups running. Results : Peaks of the head and tibial acceleration signals were significantly greater during flat-footed group running than normal-footed group running(p<.05). PSDs of the tibial acceleration signal in the lower and higher frequency range were significantly greater during flat-footed running(p<.05), but PSDs of the head acceleration signal were not statistically different between the two groups. Flat-footed group running resulted in significantly greater shock attenuation for the higher frequency ranges compared with normal-footed group running(p<.05). Conclusion : The difference in impact shock magnitude and frequency content between flat-footed and normal-footed group during running suggested that the body had different ability to control impact shock from acceleration. It might be conjectured that flat-footed running was more vulnerable to potential injury than normal-footed running from an impact shock point of view.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.369-376
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• 2013

The purposes of this study were to assess dynamic stability toward pelvis-spine column distortion during running and to compare the typical three-dimensional angular kinematics of the trunk motion; cervical, thoracic, lumbar segment spine and the pelvis from the multi-segmental spine model between exercise group and non-exercise group. Subjects were recruited as exercise healthy women on regular basis (group A, n=10) and non-exercise idiopathic scoliosis women (group B, n=10). Data was collected by using a vicon motion capture system (MX-T40, UK). The pelvis, spine segments column and lower limbs analysiaed through the 3D kinematic angular ROM pattern. There were significant differences in the time-space variables, the rotation motion of knee joint in lower limbs and the pelvis variables; obliquity in side bending, inter/outer rotation in twisting during running leg movement. There were significant differences in the spinal column that is lower-lumbar, upper-lumbar, upper-thoracic, mid-upper thoracic, mid-lower thoracic, lower thoracic and cervical spine at inclination, lateral bending and twist rotation between group A and group B (<.05, <.01 and <.001). As a results, group B had more restrictive motion than group A in the spinal column and leg movement behaved like a 'shock absorber". And the number of asymmetry index (AI) showed that group B was much lager unbalance than group A. In conclusion, non-exercise group was known to much more influence the dynamic stability of equilibrium for bilateral balance. These finding suggested that dynamic stability aimed at increasing balance of the trunk ROM must involve methods and strategies intended to reduce left/right asymmetry and the exercise injury.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.177-193
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• 2003

Objective : The present studies investigated the effects of 120Hz high frequency electroacupunctue(EA) on the stress-induced stomach dysfunction in relation to its effect on the level of stress hormone and gastric mucosal damages. The gastric mucosal injury was induced by cold-restraint stress and two acupoints corresponding to Zusanli and Sanyinjiao in man were used. Methods: Cold-restraint stress produced typical gastric lesions in all rats of the stressed groups, but he number of ulcers as well as the mean ulcer diameter were reduced by 120 Hz EA pre-treatment. The cold-restraint stress also induced an increase in catecholamine response involving epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine, but an slight decline were observed in EA pre-treated rats compared with cold-restrained rats. Results: The degranulation value of gastric mast cell was significantly higher in cold-restrained rats than in control ones. However, with the significant reduction of degranulation values of gastric mast cells in EA pre-treated rats compared with cold-restrained ones, $PGE_2$ content in the gastric mucosa of EA pre-treated rats was also different from that observed in cold-restrained rats. Cold-restraint stress induced an elevated mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory gene such as cyclooxygenases-2 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-${\alpha}$, but these expression were down-regulated in EA pre-treated rats. Immunohistochemecal analysis showed that while the inhibitory-${\kappa}B{\alpha}$ an TNF-${\alpha}$ immunoreaction in the surface epithelium of the stomach tended to increase, both reactions in the EA pre-treated rats showed similar pattern as observed in controls. Conclusions : These results suggest that 120 Hz EA may act as a therapeutical means for gastric mucosal damages through a activation of pituitary adrenal system. it could be concluded that 120 hz high frequency electroacupuncture affords a good protective potential against stress-induce gastrointestinal dysfunction.