• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.265-271
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• 1991

돼지감자 분말로부터 대체에너지용 알코올을 생산하기 위하여 우수 inulin 자화 균주로 알려진 Kluyveromyces marxianus UCD(FST)55-82로 알코올 발효 최적 배양조건을 조사한 바 배양 최적 온도 30'C, 최적pH 5.44(돼직감자 자체의 pH), 교반속도 100rpm, 배지의 양 1,000ml(2.5l jar fermenter), 통기하지 않은 상태에서 알코올 생성률이 가장 높았으며 효모의 접종량은 배지량의 2.5로 충분하였다. 또한, 0.01 antifoam A concentrate(silicon polymer)와 0.1 urea의 첨가는 알코올 농도를 효과적으로 증가시키고 발효기간을 단축시켰다. 이와 같은 최적 조건에서 총당질은 배양 하루만에 89.62가 분해되어 알코올 생성 수율이 91.9, 알코올 productivity가 2.71g ethanol/l/h이었고 배양 4일 후에슨 0.7g ethanol/l/h으로 발효액의 알코올 농도는 6.8가 되었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.215-219
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• 2014

Background: Biological control of plant pathogens using benign or beneficial microorganisms as antagonistic agents is currently considered to be an important component of integrated pest management in agricultural crops. In this study, we evaluated the potential of Bacillus subtilis strain HK-CSM-1 as a biological control agent against Colletotrichum panacicola. Methods: The potential of B. subtilis HK-CSM-1 as a biological control agent for ginseng anthracnose was assessed. C. panacicola was inoculated to ginseng plants and the incidence and severity of disease was assessed to examine the efficacy of the bacterium as a biological control against C. panacicola. Results: Inoculation of Panax ginseng plants with B. subtilis significantly suppressed the number of disease lesions of C. panacicola and was as effective as the chemical fungicide iminoctadine tris(albesilate). The antifungal activity of B. subtilis against C. panacicola was observed on a co-culture medium. Interestingly, treatment with B. subtilis did not significantly affect the diameter of the lesions, suggesting that the mechanism of protection was through the reduction in the incidence of infection related to the initial events of the infection cycle, including penetration and infection via spore germination and appressorium formation rather than by the inhibition of invasive growth after infection. Conclusion: Our results suggest that B. subtilis HK-CSM-1 can be used as an effective and ecologically friendly biological control agent for anthracnose in P. ginseng.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.17-30
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• 1995

The growth of Scenedesmus quadricauda (Trup.) Breb. is enhanced by methylyoxal (MG), a general inhibitor of cell division, at threshold concentration in conjunction with reatment timing relative to growth stage. The stimulatory effect of MG on algal cell growth was most significant with 2.27-fold of untreated algal culture in cell number when 0.5 mM of MG was added to the algal culture at the beginning of logarithmic phase with an initial MG concentration of 0.535 mg $MG/10^6cell$. A Specific growth rates (SGRs) of MG-treated cultures were rapidly increased at the beginning of logarithmic phase with 1.89-fold of untreated algal culture. Cultures inoculated with high cell numbers of 2.4 to 4.8 X $10^4$ cells/ml were less sensitive to 0.5 mM of MG treatment. The algal cell division was ranged from 0.392 to 0.924 mg MG/106 cell. If the cell number of an algal culture at the time of inoculation was low (0.6 X $10^4$ cells/ml) and MG was added before logarithmic phase, the cell number of 0.5 mM of MG-treated cultures were lower than those of controls. In algal cultures treated with high concentrations of MG (1.0 mM and 2.0 mM), the algal growth was inhibited. Photosynthetic rate of growth-enhanced algal by 0.5 mM of MG was significantly higher than that of untreated or 1.0 mM of MG-treated algal cell, while there was no significant difference among those groups in respiratory rate. Pyruvate concentration in 0.5 mM of MG-treated culture was incrcased agter methylglyoxal trcatment.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.430-434
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• 2001

축산폐수 배양액을 현미경으로 관찰한 결과 축산폐수 내에는 주로 bacillus 계통의 균주들이 존재함을 확인하였고, 미생물 농도 측정을 위하여 630 nm를 최적흡수파장으로 선정하였다. 축산폐수 원액의 접종량(5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50%) 및 온도 변화(2$0^{\circ}C$, 37$^{\circ}C$)에 따른 성장곡선을 구한 결과 2$0^{\circ}C$에서는 6~7시간 이후부터, 37$^{\circ}C$에서는 5~6시간 이후부터 세포 농도가 증가하였다. 따라서 축산폐수 내에 존재하는 미생물은 1시간 동안 미생물의 농도(X)가 일정함을 확인하였다. 축산폐수를 10$0^{\circ}C$로 2분 이상 중탕 처리하여 2$0^{\circ}C$ 및 37$^{\circ}C$에서 배양하면 1시간 이내에는 온도에 관계없이 미생물의 동정이 변화 없음을 확인하였다. 축산폐수 내에 존재하는 미생물을 순수하게 분리.여과한 축산폐수의 세포농도는 흡광도 및 건조세포무게와 각각 높은 선형성(98.88% 및 98.98%)을 나타내었다. 이때 축산폐수 원액의 경우에는 0.375 g/L의 건조세포무게 농도가 존재함을 확인하였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2008

We aimed to investigate the antiviral activity of Zanthoxylum species against influenza virus A/WS/33, A/PR/8 and B/Lee/40 used by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and the action of leaves extracts of Zanthoxylum piperitum on life cycle of influenza virus A/WS/33. Among the twelve extracts, only the leaf extract of Z. piperitum exhibited strong antiviral activity at low concentration of less than 10${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ with no citotoxicity (50${\mu}g/m{\ell}$) against all of three viruses. In addition, only oseltamivir showed antiviral activity with $IC_{50}$ of 65.3${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ against influenza A/WS/33 among the viruses. Furthermore, the leaf extract of Z. piperitum suppressed infection of influenza virus A/WS/33, when added just prior (-1 hr) or after virus inoculation (0 hr). Leaf extract of Z. piperitum directly affect the infectivity of influenza virus A/WS/33 particles. Therefore, Leaf extract of Z. piperitum exhibited higher antiviral activity against three influenza viruses than that of the oseltamivir, which directly interacts with influenza A/WS/33 particles, affecting the initial stages of infection such as receptor binding and virus entry.

• 식물병연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.62-64
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• 2012

2003년부터 2009년까지 전북 고창지역에 재배하는 복분자에서 탄저병이 발생하였다. 탄저병은 처음에 흑갈색의 작은 원형반점들이 잎자루와 줄기에 나타나고 병반이 커지거나 융합되어 불규칙한 병반에 나타난 반점은 대개 원형이나 타원형으로 융합되거나 진전되어 불규칙한 병반을 형성하기도 한다. 탄저병징에서 분리한 병원균은 배양형태적 특성조사 결과 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. cocode, C. acutatum로 동정되었다. 분리된 C. gloeosporioides, C. cocodes, C. acutatum 3종의 병원균은 인공접종에 의한 병원성 검정에서도 동일한 병징을 나타냈다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2019

2016년부터 2018년까지 제주도내 농가포장에서 재배되고 있는 콜라비에 뿌리혹병 지속적으로 발생(최고발병률 27.2%)했다. 초기 감염은 뿌리털 부분이 정상주 뿌리털에 비해 비대했으며, 병이 진전되면서 뿌리 중심부에 혹이 형성되고, 잎이 시들고 끝이 누렇게 변했다. P. brassicae 휴면포자 현탁액을 이용한 병원성 검정결과 접종 50일 후에 병원성을 나타냈다. 병원균은 콜라비 세포조직 안에 빈 곳 없이 무수히 많은 휴면포자를 형성하며, 휴면포자는 단세포로 무색, 원형 또는 타원형, 크기는 직경 $3-5{\mu}m$이다. 콜라비 뿌리혹병원균의 ITS rDNA 염기서열 분석, 계통수 작성 결과 P. brassicae로 동정했다. 따라서 균학적 특징, 병원성 검정, ITS rDNA 염기서열 비교분석 등의 결과를 바탕으로 이 병은 우리나라에서 지금까지 보고되지 않은 'Plasmodiophora brassicae에 의한 콜라비 뿌리혹병'으로 명명하고자 한다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

Fusarium culmorum is one of the most important causal agents of root rot of wheat. In this study, 10 F. culmorum isolates were collected from farms located in five agro-ecological regions of Morocco. These were used to challenge 20 durum wheat genotypes via artificial inoculation of plant roots under controlled conditions. The isolate virulence was determined by three traits (roots browning index, stem browning index, and severity of root rot). An alpha-lattice design with three replicates was used, and the resulting ANOVA revealed a significant (P < 0.01) effect of isolate (I), genotype (G), and G × I interaction. A total of four response types were observed (R, MR, MS, and S) revealing that different genes in both the pathogen and the host were activated in 53% of interactions. Most genotypes were susceptible to eight or more isolates, while the Moroccan cultivar Marouan was reported resistant to three isolates and moderately resistant to three others. Similarly, the Australian breeding line SSD1479-117 was reported resistant to two isolates and moderately resistant to four others. The ICARDA elites Icaverve, Berghisyr, Berghisyr2, Amina, and Icaverve2 were identified as moderately resistant. Principal component analysis based on the genotypes responses defined two major clusters and two sub-clusters for the 10 F. culmorum isolates. Isolate Fc9 collected in Khemis Zemamra was the most virulent while isolate Fc3 collected in Haj-Kaddour was the least virulent. This work provides initial results for the discovery of differential reactions between the durum lines and isolates and the identification of novel sources of resistance.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.11-50
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• 2023

As the field of interventional pain management (IPM) grows, the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) is increasing. SSI is defined as an infection of the incision or organ/space that occurs within one month after operation or three months after implantation. It is also common to find patients with suspected infection in an outpatient clinic. The most frequent IPM procedures are performed in the spine. Even though primary pyogenic spondylodiscitis via hematogenous spread is the most common type among spinal infections, secondary spinal infections from direct inoculation should be monitored after IPM procedures. Various preventive guidelines for SSI have been published. Cefazolin, followed by vancomycin, is the most commonly used surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in IPM. Diagnosis of SSI is confirmed by purulent discharge, isolation of causative organisms, pain/tenderness, swelling, redness, or heat, or diagnosis by a surgeon or attending physician. Inflammatory markers include traditional (C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and white blood cell count) and novel (procalcitonin, serum amyloid A, and presepsin) markers. Empirical antibiotic therapy is defined as the initial administration of antibiotics within at least 24 hours prior to the results of blood culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Definitive antibiotic therapy is initiated based on the above culture and testing. Combination antibiotic therapy for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria infections appears to be superior to monotherapy in mortality with the risk of increasing antibiotic resistance rates. The never-ending war between bacterial resistance and new antibiotics is continuing. This article reviews prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infection in pain medicine.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

Secondary metabolites in the culture filtrates of lactic acid bacteria offer varied chiral moieties, making them a valuable resource for drug design scaffolding. Our previous methodology included using a combination of anion exchange resins, Amberlite IRA-67 and Purolite A420S, to purify significant quantities of Lactobacillus plantarum LBP-K10 peptidyl compounds. However, current experimental evidence regarding the impact of native culture extracts and/or filtrates on pathogenic fungi in vivo/in vitro is insufficient. This study analyzed the antifungal properties of two different probiotic cultures: the CH₂Cl₂-extracted filtrate of Chinese cabbage kimchi (CH₂Cl₂-extracted CCK_WLB and CH₂Cl₂-extracted CCK_WOLB) and the non-extracted filtrate of Chinese cabbage kimchi (non-extracted CCK_WLB and non-extracted CCK_WOLB). The samples were divided into two groups: one group was inoculated with probiotics while the other group remained non-inoculated. Filtrates from both experimental groups were utilized for antifungal assays. The treatments employing CCK_WLB, with an initial inoculation of Lb. plantarum LBP-K10 as a starter, demonstrated significant antifungal activity under various experimental conditions. Our study offers new perspectives on the antifungal properties of CH₂Cl₂-extracted kimchi filtrates, which are naturally produced by lactobacilli. The efficacy of antifungal compounds is supported by substantial evidence demonstrating their efficient uptake by cells and the antifungal properties exerted by metabolites.