• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.136-143
• /
• 2022

The pilot's role is absolutely critical to the safety of an airline. It can be predicted that there is a difference in the acquisition of pilot competency required in actual flight at the initial flight training stage. In this study, the progress and effects of education and training for each background are analyzed, and differentiated competency-based training is to be studied. By sampling a sample of civil airline pilots, we are trying to determine whether there is a difference in the results of the regular proficiency check among the eight competencies defined by ICAO according to military and civil backgrounds. Accordingly, an independent t-test was conducted to test the average difference between the two groups, from the military and civilian origin, to confirm the average difference in the piloting competency between the groups. Based on these results, it will be helpful to design future training courses.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.75-85
• /
• 2002

In this paper, we propose an efficient method for recognizing lip. Lip is localized by using the shape of lip and the pixel values around lip contour. The shape of lip is represented by a statistically based active shape model which learns typical lip shape from a training set. Because this model is affected by the initial position, we use a boundary between upper and lower lip as initial position for searching lip. The boundary is localized by using a weighted vector based on lip's shape. The experiments have been performed for many images, and show very encouraging result.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.69-72
• /
• 2002

We propose a modified splitting method to obtain an initial codebook, which is used to design a codebook. The principle of the proposed method is that the more representative vectors are assigned to the class, which has the mere member training vectors or a lower squared error. The conventional K-means algorithm and the method provided from reference (5) are used to estimate the performance of the designed codebook. In thin work, the proposed method shows better results than the conventional splitting method in all experiments.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.95-108
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to identify an initial clinical experience of EMT students, so to better understand their' experience in clinical training. The subjects were 30 EMT students of C department of Emergency Medical technology in C city, who were demonstrating at the emergency room in C, T, S, W city. This study was approached by phenomenological method, collected data were analyzed by Colaizzi's method. the results were as a follows. From the protocol, significant statements were organized into 34 formulated meanings. from the formulated meanings, 21themes were identified, organized into 8 theme clusters, and then categories. EMT students got experienced 'tension resulting from new situation', 'fear in contacting with patients', 'lack of knowledge and skill', 'confidence feeling from being adapted', 'facing up to Paramedic role', 'experience of death' and 'stress'. The results of this study are to use as basic data for students attending clinical experience for the first time.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.84 no.1
• /
• pp.35-48
• /
• 2022

This paper investigates the artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the dimensionless parameters for contact pressures and contact lengths under the rigid punch, the initial separation loads, and the initial separation distances of a contact problem. The problem consisted of two elastic infinitely layers (EL) loaded by means of a rigid cylindrical punch and resting on a half-infinite plane (HP). Firstly, the problem was formulated and solved theoretically using the Theory of Elasticity (ET). Secondly, the contact problem was extended based on the ANN. External load, the radius of punch, layer heights, and material properties were created by giving examples of different values used at the training and test stages of ANN. Finally, the accuracy of the trained neural networks for the case was tested using 134 new data, generated via ET solutions to determine the best network model. ANN results were compared with ET results, and well agreements were achieved.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.98-104
• /
• 2024

This study proposes a method to overcome the limited detection range of short-baseline stereo cameras (SBSCs). The proposed method includes two steps: (1) predicting an unscaled initial depth using monocular depth estimation (MDE) and (2) adjusting the unscaled initial depth by a scale factor. The scale factor is computed by triangulating the sparse visual keypoints extracted from the left and right images of the SBSC. The proposed method allows the use of any pre-trained MDE model without the need for additional training or data collection, making it efficient even when considering the computational constraints of small platforms. Using an open dataset, the performance of the proposed method was demonstrated by comparing it with other conventional stereo-based depth estimation methods.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.137-146
• /
• 2018

PURPOSES : This study aims to analyze how the installation of advanced warning devices affects individual drivers' driving behaviors with operating record data collected from 100 vehicles. METHODS : With collected data, the changes in individual drivers' driving behaviors, such as Forward Collision Warning (FCW) and Lane Departure Warning (LDW), were investigated with respect to the cumulative distance traveled and driving time. For the analysis, operating record data collected from 100 vehicles for seven months were used. RESULTS : The results showed that individual drivers' driving behaviors could be categorized into six different types. In addition, most of the drivers showed unstable warning patterns in the initial stage after installation of an advanced warning device. Approximately 40% of vehicles equipped with advanced warning systems were found to have positive effects, indicating that the frequencies of both FCW and LDW had been continuously decreasing after installation of the system. CONCLUSIONS : The warning device might be helpful for making drivers' driving behaviors safer. Driving behaviors during the initial stage of the system installation, which might be regarded as an adaptation phase, were found to be very unstable compared with normal situations, indicating that adequate education and training should be provided to all the drivers to prevent operator disruption at the initial installation of the system.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.2147-2154
• /
• 2020

Background: Improperly conducted exercise may lead to worsening of musculoskeletal complications. Such may worsen due to increased repetition and intensity during exercise. In addition, different responses may show different needs for training program. Objectives: To compare kinematics of symmetric concentric and eccentric motions during increased repetitions and intensities for men and women. Design: Quasi-randomized trial. Methods: A total of ten men and eleven women participated in this study. Concentric and eccentric motions of the lateral raises were observed for initial positions of abduction and adduction. Low and high exercise intensities were applied, and 15 repetitions were conducted for both intensities. Initial, 3 inbetween repetitions, and last repetition were recorded for comparisons. Results: The concentric or abduction motions showed no significant differences for all comparisons. However, eccentric or adduction motions showed greater significant differences as the exercise intensity increased for both men and women. Such significant differences were most prevalent during the first and last repetitions with greatest differences during the initial repetitions. Conclusion: Kinematic difference between men and women during increased repetitions and intensity indicate the need for more individualized exercise intervention and consideration between men and women. Individualized interventions may prevent exercise-induced postural abnormality and corresponding musculoskeletal dysfunction.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.76-85
• /
• 2022

One of the most fundamental challenges when designing controllers for dynamic systems is the adjustment of controller parameters. Usually the system model is used to get the initial controller, but eventually the controller parameters must be manually adjusted in the real system to achieve the best performance. To avoid this manual tuning step, data-driven methods such as machine learning were used. Recently, reinforcement learning became one alternative of this problem to be considered as an agent learns policies in large state space with trial-and-error Markov Decision Process (MDP) which is widely used in the field of robotics. However, on initial training step, as an agent tries to explore to the new state space with random action and acts directly on the controller parameters in real systems, MDP can lead the system safety-critical system failures. Therefore, the issue of 'safe exploration' became important. In this paper we meet 'safe exploration' condition with Control Barrier Function (CBF) which converts direct constraints on the state space to the implicit constraint of the control inputs. Given an initial low-performance controller, it automatically optimizes the parameters of the control law while ensuring safety by the CBF so that the agent can learn how to predict and control unknown and often stochastic environments. Simulation results on a quadrotor UAV indicate that the proposed method can safely optimize controller parameters quickly and automatically.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 1999.11a
• /
• pp.899-902
• /
• 1999

In this paper, we designed a equalizer that moved the multipath of channel in 8-VSB transmission receiver. After doing the initial equalization with "LMS(Least Mean Square)"aigorithm. this equalizer used "Stop-and-Go" algorithm. Because of estimating SER(Symbol to Error Ratio) every a training sequence, this can positively cope with transformation of channel and because of using fast clock than symbol-clock(10.76 MHz), we are able to reduce a multiplier.