• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.427-431
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory activity of water extracts and its enzymatic hydrolysates from algae against angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE). The 7 kinds of algae were extracted with water at $50^{\circ}C,\;70^{\circ}C$ and $98^{\circ}C$. ACE inhibitory activities of water extracts were the highest at $70^{\circ}C$, and those of ceylon moss, layer, green layer, sea mustard, seaweed fusiforme sea tangle and sea staghorn were $10.9\%,\;9.3\%,\;8.9\%,\;8.2\%,\;7.5\%,\;7.1\%$ and $7.0\%$, respectively. Layer, green laver sea mustard and ceylon moss of high ACE inhibitory activities among the 7 kinds of water extracts were hydrolyzed by maxazyme and papain during 24hrs. ACE inhibitory activity of enzymatic hydrolysates was higher than that of water extracts, and was the highest in enzymatic hydrolysates of laver among the tested samples. In laver hydrolysates by proteases, the highest ACE inhibitory activity and peptide-nitrogen contents were observed at 8 hours hydrolysis and the hydrolysates by maxazyme showed relatively higher activity than those by papain(31.3 and $27.9\%$, respectively). But peptide-nitrogen contents were greater in papain hydrolysates than in maxazyme.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.247-252
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• 2000

As functionality investigation of Korean traditional soybean fermentation foods, an antihypertensive peptide was separated during Chunggugjang fermentation by Bacillus subtilis CH-1023 and investigated inhibitory effect against angiotensin converting enzyme. After incubation at $20^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C,\;40^{\circ}C,\;50^{\circ}C,\;60^{\circ}C$ for the $0{\sim}72$ hrs, protein content, protease activity and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory rate were determined. The protein content and protease activity were increased and reached maximum at 60 hrs fermentation with $40^{\circ}C$ and decreased after the 60 hrs fermentation. The optimum condition for antihypertensive peptide from Chunggugjang was appeared for 60 hrs at $40^{\circ}C$. Crude extract of Chunggugjang was partially purified by Amicon YM-3 membrane filtration and Sephadex G-10, G-25 gel filtration. The purified peptide showed inhibitory rate of 94.3% with 0.5 mg peptide content. The most prominent amino acid composition of the peptide from Chunggugjang was alanine, followed by phenylalanine, histidine.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.236-245
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• 2003

The study was performed for elucidating angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and comparing antioxidative activity of Panax ginseng extracts prepared at different conditions. Total phenolic content, inhibitory activity on ACE and antioxidative effects were tested on 10 ethanolic extracts and correlation coefficient between total phenolic content and physiological activity was calculated. Yield and total phenolic content of 50% ethanolic extract prepared at $85^{\circ}C$ exhibited the highest value as 42.52% and 0.82%, respectively. Among the fractions obtained from 50% ethanolic extract prepared at room temperature, water fraction showed the highest value in yield as 72.08% and ethyl acetate fraction did in total phenolic content as 6.59%. In the test on ACE inhibitory activity, 50% ethanolic extract obtained at room temperature indicated the strongest effect of 93.8% which was higher than 85.2% of commercialized ACE inhibitor and solvent fractions showed potent inhibitory activity in order of hexane fraction, diethyl ether fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, butanol fraction and water fraction at concentration of $4000{\mu}g/ml$. 50% Ethanolic extract prepared at $85^{\circ}C$ had the most potent inhibition effect on human LDL oxidation as 78.2% at $200{\mu}g/ml$ and the other extracts also did above 60%. Diethyl ether fraction and ethyl acetate fraction showed strong inhibition activity $(34.38%{\sim}78.13%)$ on LDL oxidation at concentration of $10{\sim}200\;{\mu}g/ml$. From the statistical analysis via SAS program, correlation coefficient between total phenolic content and ACE inhibitory effect was 0.6353 at P<0.05. Conclusively, this report showed that the most efficient extraction condition for elevating inhibitory activity on ACE and LDL oxidation, phenolic content and yield from Panax ginseng was 50% ethanol extraction at room temperature or high temperature condition. And Panax ginseng would be used for preventing hypertension or atheroscrelosis for man via inhibitory action on ACE and LDL oxidation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.120-127
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• 2007

The objective of this research was to evaluate the ability of water and ethanol extracts from mulberry fruit (Morus alba L.) to influence the inhibitory activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and xanthine oxidase(XOase). The total phenol contents and sixteen phenolic compounds were investigated in water and ethanol extracts. In order to understand the factors responsible for the potent antioxidant and antihypertensive ability of mulberry, it has been evaluated for anti-oxidative activity using Fenton's reagent/ethyl linoleate system and for free radical scavenging activity using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl free radical generating system. The total phenol contents and total of phenolic compounds in ethanol extract showed higher levels than water extract in mulberry fruit six phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, narigin, syringic acid, quercetin, naringenin, kampferol) has a higher individual phenolic compound content in the 60% ethanol extraction than 80% ethanol extract. The inhibitory activity on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) were highest in 80% ethanol extract (9.0%). Also, activity of xanthine oxidase(XOase) inhibition appeared highest in 80% ethanol extracts and correlated well with the total phenolic content, which was modulated by the concentration of individual phenolic compounds. This result revealed, that strong biological activity was caused by specific phenol compound contents. Utilization of water and ethanol extracts from mulberry fruit are expected to be good candidate for development into source of free radical scavengers and anti-hypertentive activity

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 2020

To increase the functional material content of soybean, a repetitive steaming and drying process was used. We investigated the changes in the total polyphenol content, the antioxidant activity, and the angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition in soybean following nine rounds of steaming and drying. Soybean was steamed 9 times for 2 h and then dried 9 times from 55℃ to 73℃ for 3 h. The total polyphenol content in the soybean reached a maximum value of 60.47 mg GAE eq./100 g at 73℃ while the total polyphenol content in the raw soybean reached 25.17 mg GAE eq./100 g. In the raw soybean samples, the DPPH radical scavenging activity (5 mg/mL) was 8.04% but it increased by 43.29% after drying 9 times to 73℃. ABTS radical scavenging activity also improved following 9 rounds of steaming and drying. ACE inhibitory activity of the soybean dried 9 times at 73℃ was 58.94% at 10 mg/mL. These results showed that steaming and drying soybean 9 times enhanced the antioxidant activity and the ACE inhibitory activity of soybean. Therefore, more research on the biological and anti-hypertensive activity of soybean using this steaming and drying method is necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2007

This study was carried out to observe the antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of susijang (Korean traditional fermented soy food). The antioxidant activity of susijang was measured by using TEAC (trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) assay. In addition contents of isoflavones, phenolic acids and amino acids were determined. TEAC values of chungkukjang and susijang were significantly higher than those of yellow soybean (p<0.05). The contents of isoflavones (genistein, daidzein) were found to be significantly higher in chungkukjang and susijang than yellow soybean. The susijang showed high content of free amino acids and phenolic acids. ACE inhibitory activity of susijang was significantly higher than those of chungkukjang and yellow soybean, particularly of 70% ethanol extract.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.84-88
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• 2001

About 100 bacterial strains producing proteolytic enzymes were isolated from Korean traditional soy paste Doenjang. Among them, strain SYG3 producing the highest level of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor into the culture medium was selected and identified as Bacillus pumilus according to the Bergey's mannual of systematic bacteriology. Soybean powder as a nitrogen source and glucose as a carbon source supported high level of ACE inhibitor production. The presence of 3% NaCl also enhanced the production of ACE inhibitor in the medium. The optimum initial pH of the medium and culture temperature for the production of ACE inhibitor were 7.0 and $32^{\circ}C$, respectively. The maximal level of ACE inhibitory effect was obtained after 36 hours of cultivation under the optimized conditions, which was about 98% of inhibition ratio.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.363-369
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• 2004

Three different doengjang(fermented soybean paste) were prepared by using B. subtilis SS103 with high angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitory activity, Asp. oryzae and mixed culture of two organisms, respectively. Quality characteristics and the inhibitory activity were compared. $\beta$-Amylase activity rapidly increased during 30 days of fermentation, but lower activity was found in doenjang prepared with B. subtilis. However, $\alpha$-Galactosidase activity decreased for 15 days of fermentation and little activity was observed after that fermentation period. Protease production tended to increase during the fermentation. High protease activity was found only in doengjang prepared with Asp. oryzae, but the doengjang prepared with B. subtilis SS103 showed very low activity. Total isoflavone content at 90 day fermentation was the highest in doengjang prepared with mixture of Asp. oryzae and B. subtilis. ACE inhibitory activity increased during the fermentation period. The highest activity was found in doengjang made with mixture of Asp. oryzae and B. subtilis. Sensory evaluation on doengjang itself and its soup indicated that doengjang made with mixture of Asp. oryzae and B. subtilis showed higher acceptability on taste, flavor and color than those prepared with only Asp. oryzae or B. subtilis, respectively.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.244-246
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• 2001

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor acts on the inhibition of ACE and causes a decrease in blood pressure. There have been several reports on screening of ACE inhibitors from natural food products and protein hydrolysates of various food sources. Ripe Cucurbita moschata Duch has been used as an oriental medicine in Korea. To isolate ACE inhibitors, crude water extracts of the edible portion of ripe Cucurbita moschata Duch were obtained after heating in water at 95$^{\circ}C$ for 2 h. Crude extracts were then filtered using PM-10 and YM-1 membranes. The membrane-filtered solution was loaded onto Sephadex G-15 column equlibrated with a phosphate buffer. Among the four major fractions of gel permeation chromatography, the second fraction had the highest inhibitory activity of 65%. Further purification of the fraction using reversed-phase HPLC with a $C_{18}$ column produced ACE inhibitors, which were identified as a mixture having molecular mass of 222 and 273 by Tandem mass spectrometry.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.168-173
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• 1998

The epoxyalkanoyl derivatives were designed and synthesized as ACE inhibitors. Coupling of unsaturated carboxylic acids with amino acids and following epoxidation with dimethyldioxirane gave the epoxyalkanoyls with high yield. The inhibitory activity of synthesized compounds on angiotensin converting enzyme was $IC_{50}$ values of 0.06~5.5 ${\mu}M$.