• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.128-131
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate inhibitory effect of extracts from Artemisia capillaris Thumb. on maltase, sucrase, ${\alpha}-amylase$, nonspecific ${\alpha}-glucosidase$, and postprandial hyperglycemia. Methanol extract and organic solvent (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, aqueous) fractions from the medicinal herb were determined for the inhibitory activities against maltase, sucrase and ${\alpha}-amylase$. The methanol extract from A. capillaris strongly inhibited maltase (57%) and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ (72%) at the concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Among the four fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, aqueous) examined, the butanol fraction from A. capillaris showed potent inhibitory effects on maltase (73%), sucrase (33%), and ${\alpha}-amylase$ (75%) at the concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The butanol fraction from Artemisia capillaris also exhibited significant reductions (20%) of blood glucose elevation in mice loaded with maltose. These results suggest that the extract from Artemisia capillaris can be used as a new nutraceutical for inhibition on postprandial hyperglycemia

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.498-503
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxicity and ${\alpha}-Amylase$, ${\alpha}-Glucosidase$, pancreatic lipase inhibition in vitro by different solvent fractions from the roots of Codonopsis lanceolata. The values of $IC_{50}$ against Calu-6 cell showed a high effect in n-hexane fraction ($10.13{\mu}g/mL$) whereas DW fraction exhibited the weakest inhibition on cell viability, having an $IC_{50}$ value of over $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. The values of $IC_{50}$ against HCT-116 cell showed the highest activity in n-BuOH fraction ($102.01{\mu}g/mL$), followed by n-hexane fraction ($145.85{\mu}g/mL$), methylene chloride fraction ($332.02{\mu}g/mL$), ethyl acetate fraction ($462.93{\mu}g/mL$) and DW fracion ($>1,000{\mu}g/mL$). ${\alpha}-Amylase$ inhibitory activity in methylene chloride fraction and ethyl acetate fraction was found to have a higher inhibitory effect with 24.5% and 25.6% than the other fractions. The highest ${\alpha}-Glucosidase$ inhibitory activity was observed from the ethyl acetate fraction extract, while the extract of DW fraction showed the lowest level of inhibitory activity at given experiment concentration. The pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of C. lanceolata was found to have a higher the effect in ethyl acetate fraction. Inhibition of lipase activity of the ethyl acetate fraction and n-hexane fraction showed a relatively high, while the extract of DW fraction showed the lowest level at given experiment concentration. These results suggested that the roots of C. lanceolata may assist in the potential biological activity on carbohydrate, lipid Inhibitory activity and anticancer activity.

• Mycobiology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2023

In this study, the α-amylase inhibitory activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity, and Xanthine Oxidase inhibitory activity of the fruiting body extracts of 5 varieties of Agaricus bisporus (AB) were confirmed. First, the α-amylase inhibitory activity of AB12, AB13, AB18, AB34, and AB40 methanol extracts was lower than that of acarbose, a positive control, in all concentration ranges. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the AB40, AB13, and AB12 methanol extracts at the extract concentration of 1.0 mg/mL was 80.5%, 81.3%, and 78.5%, respectively, similar to that of acarbose, a positive control. The pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of the methanol extract of Agaricus bisporus fruiting body was significantly lower than that of the positive control orlistat in the concentration range of 50~1.000 (mg/mL). The Xanthine Oxidase inhibitory activity was 0.5~8.0 mg/mL of each extract, which was significantly lower than that of the positive control allopurinol in the same concentration range. However, the Xanthine Oxidase inhibitory activity of AB13 and AB40 at 8.0 mg/mL was about 70%, which was higher than that of other mushrooms. In conclusion, five kinds of Agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies seem to have inhibitory effects on enzymes such as α-amylase, α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, and Xanthine Oxidase that degrade starch and protein. In particular, it has an inhibitory effect and a reduction effect on xanthine oxidase that causes gout, so it is expected that it can be developed and used as a food or health supplement with health functional properties through future research.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2009

This study investigated the hypoglycemic effect of fermented soymilk extract (FSE) in STZ-induced diabetic mice. FSE was prepared via fermentation of soymilk with Bacillus subtilis followed by methanol extraction. The hypoglycemic effect was determined by inhibitory activities against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase as well as the alleviation of postprandial glucose level. The non-fermented soymilk extract (SE) was used as control in this experiment. FSE showed higher (p<0.05) inhibitory activities than SE against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase. The $IC_{50}$ values of FSE for ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase were 0.77 ancd 0.94 mg/mL, respectively, which were comparable or even superior to those of acarbose (0.79 and 0.68 mg/mL, respectively). In addition, a further suppression on the postprandial blood glucose levels were observed in the FSE than SE group for both STZ-induced diabetic mice and normal mice. Furthermore, FSE significantly lowered the incremental area under the curve (AUC) in the diabetic mice and the AUC in normal mice corroborated the hypoglycemic effect of FSE (p<0.05). Results from this study suggest that FSE may help decrease the postprandial blood glucose level via inhibiting ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase and the usefulness of FSE was proven to be better than SE.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.620-625
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• 2011

This is a part of the study on the food materials that are effective for diabetes treatment and for use in the development of functional bread products. In this study, various commercially available Oriental medicines with the intestinal absorption enzyme called ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, which is known to be effective for diabetes treatment, were explored. According to the research results on the water and methanol in 200 kinds of Oriental medicines, which were separated by layer to investigate the inhibitory activity of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, Astragalus membranaceus (70.9%) in the water layer and Pericaeta communissima (72.9%) in the MeOH layer showed a strong inhibitory effect of over 70%. Myristica fragrans (69%), Morus alba (66.9%), Schisandra chinensis (65%), Panax notoginsens (63.9%), Anthriscus sylvestris (62.9%), Asparagus cochinchinensis (62.1%), Erycibe obtusifolia (60.9%), Polygonum cuspidatum (60.7%), Atractylodes lancea (60.2%), and Perilla frutescens (60.2%) in the water layer, and Codonopsis pilosula (67.8%), Prunus persica batsch (67.6%), Sinomenium acutum (63.5%), and Malvae semen (61.6%) in the MeOH layer, showed a more than 60% inhibitory effect. Thirty one species, including Polygonatum sibiricum (59.8%), Medicata fementata (59.7%), Alisma canaliculatum (59.5%), Coix lacryma-jobi (59.2%), Asiasarum sieboldi (59.0%), and Bupleurum falcatum (53.0%), in the water layer, and 10 species [Quisqualis indica (58.8%), Lycium chinense (58.3%), Trichosanthes kirilowii (58.0%), Thuja orientalis (55.9%), Bombyx mori (55.6%), Gallus domesticus (55.4%), Aralia continentalis (55.3%), Cibotium barometz (52.7%), Euphorbia pekinensis (52.7%), and Dolichos lablab (52.5%)] in the MeOHlayer, showed a more than 50% inhibitory effect. Therefore, such materials are expected to be the basic materials that will be used for the development of functional materials for diabetes treatment.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.82-85
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• 2006

Eucommia ulmoides bark extracts by cold water, boiling water, 100% EtOH, 70% EtOH, 100% MeOH, 70% MeOH and $CHCl_3$ were assayed for their medicinal effects. The antioxidant activity of the extracts ranged from $IC_{50}$ 125.2 to $IC_{50}\;872.7{\mu}g/ml$ in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DDPH) free radical-scavenging assay, and cold water extracts had the highest antioxidant activity. $CHCl_3$ extracts had the highest inhibitory effect on angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) giving inhibition of up to 56.4% at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Extracts in 100% EtOH had the greatest inhibitory effect on $\acute{a}-amylase$ activity ($IC_{50}=174.6{\mu}g/ml$), and 70% MeOH extracts had the greatest inhibitory effect on ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ activity ($IC_{50}=14.0{\mu}g/ml$). Taken together, these results provided the in vitro evidence on the ACE, amylase and glucosidase inhibitory actions of E. ulmoides bark that form the pharmacological basis for its antihypertensive and antidiabetic action.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.257-263
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• 2011

This study investigated the changes of antioxidant activity and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory effect of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) 100% methanol extracts by various heat treatment. The contents of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds in methanol extract tended to increased gradually with the rise of temperature to 180$^{\circ}C$. The maximum yield of gallic acid (51.52 ${\pm}$ 2.17mg/g extract weight) and quercetin (13.39 ${\pm}$ 0.03mg/g extract weight) were obtained with extraction temperature of 180$^{\circ}C$ for 120min. In addition, the improving extraction efficiency resulted in the increased biological activities, such as electronic donation ability (EDA, 90.36${\pm}$ 0.57%), reducing power (Abs 1.14) and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory effect (92.14 ${\pm}$ 1.14%). Overall, the results of this study indicate that the optimum conditions for the extraction process were an extraction temperature at 180$^{\circ}C$ for 120 min, and will provide the basis for future research on the improving extraction yield of phenolic and flavonoid compounds.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2017

Mulberry leaves containing 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) known to be a strong inhibitory effect for ${\alpha}-glucosidase$. Thus, DNJ has been recognized as a potentially important source for prevent or treat hyperglycemia. More effective method for the DNJ high-production is needed because DNJ content of natural mulberry leaf are as low as 0.1%. Many researchers have studied for the DNJ high-production in mulberry leaves such as the harvest season, fermentation using microorganisms, optimal culture conditions, and optimal extraction conditions. In order to provide for useful data that is anticipated at the level of industrial scale, we investigated ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activity, pH value and DNJ content in large-scale based on the optimal culture conditions for mulberry leaf fermentation of small-scale in our previous study. The ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activity, pH value, and DNJ content in this study were measured from the mulberry leaf fermentation broth for 7 days. During mulberry leaf fermentation, the ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activity and DNJ content was increased until 2 to 4 days, but after 4 day was decreased. The pH value showed a decreasing trend up to 2 day, and little changes in 2 to 4 days. However, the pH was started to increase after 4 days.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.103-108
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• 2005

${\alpha}-Amylase$ inhibitor is used to control blood glucose level by inhibiting starch digestion in the small intestine and delaying the absorption of glucose. In this study, we investigated the effect of the ethanol extracts from more than 1400 species of plants against ${\alpha}-amylase$ with the aim of developing a new ${\alpha}-amylase$ inhibitor. In the results, Cornus walteri extracts showed the highest inhibition activity. The inhibitory effect of Cornus walteri extract on the carbohydrate hydrolysis enzymes has different sensitivities against ${\alpha}-amylase$ from salivary and pancreatin and against ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ from yeast and porcine small intestine. In the study of inhibition kinetics of ${\alpha}-amylase$ and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$, Cornus walteri extract showed competitive inhibition against salivary and pancreatin while showing the combination of uncompetitive and noncompetitive inhibition against ${\alpha}-glucosidase$. The Cornus walteri extract was stable at acidic and thermal conditions. As for the blood glucose and body weight levels of Cornus walteri extract, we confirmed anti-hyperglycemic and anti-obesity effects. Also, in the investigation of the mRNA lever, Cornus walteri extract upregulated the level of GLUT4 mRNA in the quadriceps muscle.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.382-390
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• 2018

Background: The plant Aster koraiensis has long been used as an ingredient in folk medicine. It has been reported that Aster koraiensis extract (AKE) prevents the progression of diabetes-induced retinopathy and nephropathy. However, although these beneficial effects of AKE on diabetes complications have been identified, the antidiabetic effects of AKE have not yet been completely investigated and quantified. In the present study, the glucose-lowering and antioxidant effects of aqueous and ethanolic AKEs were evaluated. Methods and Results: The glucose-lowering effects of aqueous and ethanolic (30%-, 50%-, and 80%-ethanol) AKEs were investigated via ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory assays. The mode of inhibition by AKEs on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase was identified through kinetic analysis. The total antioxidant capacity of each of the 4 AKEs was evaluated by assessing their conversion rate of $Cu^{2+}$ to $Cu^+$. The content of chlorogenic acid and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, the bioactive compounds in AKE, in each extract were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The AKEs showed potent ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity with mixed inhibition mode, and significant antioxidant capacity. Conclusions: These results of this study suggested that the AKEs tested had ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant effects. Among the extracts, the 80% ethanol extract showed the most significant ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$ value) of $1.65{\pm}0.36mg/m{\ell}$ and a half maximal effective concentration ($EC_{50}$ value) for its antioxidant activity of $0.42{\pm}0.10mg/m{\ell}$. It can therefore be used as a source of therapeutic agents to treat diabetes patients.