• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 1997

An A-B-A-C single subject research design was used to assess the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) and inhibitive techniques on spasticity in a 10-year-old girl with cerebral palsy. Stimulation electrodes were placed over the sural nerve of the right leg. The standard method of cutaneous stimulation, TENS with impulse frequency of 100 Hz, was applied. Inhibitive techniques including stretch, antagonist contraction, and weight bearing were used. The tonus of the leg muscle was measured by means of a surface-EMG biofeedback unit. Visual analysis of data indicate that the child showed clinically significant reduction of spasticity in passive ankle movement following 30 minutes of TENS and inhibitive techniques application, respectively. The effect of TENS on spasticity inhibition was similar to that of inhibitive techniques. This result suggests that for this child with cerebral palsy, the application of TENS to the sural nerve may induce short-term post-stimulation inhibitory effects on the spasticity of cerebral palsy. Replication of this study with a more complex single-subject design involving more subjects is recommended to confirm this result.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.51-55
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• 2005

The corrosion inhibitive effect of Poly (p-Anisidine) on iron in 1M HCl with various concentrations were studied by using electrochemical methods such as impedance measurements and polarization techniques. The inhibition efficiency (IE) of Poly (p- Anisidine) was compared with its monomer and it was observed that there is a remarkable increase for the polymer. Further, it is found that the value of IE increases with increasing concentrations for both monomer and polymer of p-Anisidine.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.12-23
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• 1996

High Voltage Pulsed Current Stimulation(HVPCS) and Microcurrent Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation(MENS) have been used to promote the healing of decubitus ulcer and surgical wounds. The benefits of HVPCS and MENS are thought to include an inhibitive effect on bacterial growth. The purpose of this study was to compare the inhibitive effect of two different electrical stimulation techniques growth in vitro. Using agarose-based media, the two bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, Esherichia coli - which are commonly isolated from open wounds were incubated in an incubator for 24 hours following exposure to HVPCS(400 V, 120 pps, $70{\mu}s$) and MENS($100{\mu}A$, 0.3 Hz). We then measured the zone of inhibition around each electrode. Both HVPCS and MENS produced an inhibitive effect on bacterial growth in this vitro study. However MENS was more effective than HVPCS.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-54
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• 2019

A new organic Schiff base compound N-benzylidene-2,5-dichloroaniline (BDC) was synthesized and the structure of the Schiff base is illuminated by some spectroscopic techniques. In addition, whether it is an applicable inhibitor in the industrial field was examined by conventional methods such as linear polarization resistance (LPR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization for different concentrations. The BDC concentration and temperature effects were surveyed for elucidating the inhibitive mechanism. The BDC molecules are adsorbed to surface of mild steel via the Langmuir isotherm. Atomic force (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques were utilized to give insight into surface characterization.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.187-193
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• 2017

Polymer amines are found to show distinct corrosion inhibition effects in acidic media. The functional groups of organic compounds have a wide role in the physical and chemical properties, for the inhibition efficiency with respect to steric factors, aromaticity, and electron density. The influence of $H^+$ ions and $Cl^-$ ions on the corrosion inhibitive effect of poly(p-aminophenol) for iron in hydrochloric acid was studied using electrochemical methods such as impedance, linear polarization, and Tafel polarization techniques. The experiments were conducted with and without the inhibitor, poly(p-aminophenol). The concentration range of $H^+$ ions and $Cl^-$ ions are from 1 M to 0.05 M and 1 M to 0.1 M, respectively. With the inhibitor poly(p-aminophenol), this study shows that inhibition efficiency decreases with the reduction of $H^+$ ion and $Cl^-$ ion concentrations in aqueous solution. Further, it reveals that the adsorption of an inhibitor on the surface of iron is dependent on the concentrations of $H^+$ and $Cl^-$ ions in the solution and the adsorption of inhibitor on the iron surface through the cationic form of amine.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.168-174
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• 2019

The sol-gel methodology has been applied successfully in the synthesis of a novel hybrid coating based on dimethoxymethyl-n-octadecylsilane precursor. The newly synthesized parent coating was functionalized further with two commercially-available corrosion-inhibitive pigments Moly-$white^{(R)}$ 101-ED and Hfucophos $Zapp^{(R)}$, applied to mild steel panels, and immersed continuously in 3.5% NaCl electrolytic solution for 288 h. The corrosion protection performance of the prepared functional coatings was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and DC polarization techniques. An enhancement in the barrier properties has been revealed from the electrochemical characterization data of the hybrid films, in comparison with untreated mild steel substrates following long-term immersion in 3.5% NaCl. The corrosion resistance properties of the newly developed coatings over mild steel substrates found to be largely dependent on the type of the loaded inhibitive pigment in which the Moly-white inhibitor has a positive impact on the corrosion protection performance of the parent coating, while an opposite behavior was observed upon mixing the base polymeric matrix with the commercially-available Zapp corrosion inhibitor.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.171-183
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• 2022

The performance and inhibitory action of the aqueous extract of Cyperus Conglomeratus's leaves against corrosion of XC70 steel in a 1M HCl acid medium are studied by the determination of the weight loss, the potentiodynamic polarization curves analysis, and electrochemical impedance measurements (electrochemical techniques). The corrosion inhibitory efficiency of XC70 steel increases with the increasing concentration of the green inhibitor, however, the corrosion rate of the steel decreases. Weight loss measurements show that the maximum percentage corrosion inhibition efficiency is approximately 61.86%, while the analysis of the mixed character polarization curves shows that the inhibitor could achieve an inhibition efficiency of 86.96%. The electrochemical impedance study confirmed that the value of the charge transfer resistance (R_ct) increases and the value of the double layer capacity (C_dl) decreases with increasing concentration of the aqueous extract of Cyperus Conglomeratus's leaves, thus increasing the inhibition efficiency. The study showed that this aqueous extract acts by adsorption on the metal surface; this adsorption follows the Langmuir isotherm. This research work showed that Cyperus Conglomeratus leaves extract acts as an effective and eco-friendly inhibitor on mild steel in an acid medium.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.231-235
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• 2005

The inhibitive effect of extracts of tamarind seeds and jackfruit seeds, curry leaves and henna leaves on corrosion of mild steel in 1M HCl solution have been studied by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and impedance measurements. Results obtained from the electrochemical techniques were in good agreement with weight loss results. From the weight loss data, the values of surface coverage ($\Theta$) and corrosion rate were calculated. The inhibition efficiency (IE) increased with increasing inhibitor concentration in 1M HCl solution. In all the cases the adsorption of the natural product extracts on the mild steel surface from 1M HCl follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm relationship. Potentiodynamic polarization studies reveal the fact that all the four natural product extracts act as mixed type inhibitors. The decrease in the inhibition efficiency follows the order: Extracts of jackfruit seed>henna leaves>curry leaves>tamarind seed.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.264-271
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• 2013

Corrosion inhibition of mild steel used in water station in 35 ppm aluminum sulfate and 10 ppm chloride solution by Camellia sinensis leaves extract was studied using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques at $30^{\circ}C$. Results show that the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing concentration of the extract and decreases with increasing temperature. Inhibitive effect was afforded by adsorption of the extract's components which was found to accord with Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Inhibition mechanism is deduced from the temperature dependence of the inhibition efficiency and was further corroborated by the values of activation parameters obtained from the experimental data.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1085-1089
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• 2000

The effect of 2-hydroxyacetophenone-aroyl hydrazone derivatives on the inhibition of copper corrosion in 3N nitric acid solution at 303 K was investigated by galvanostatic polarization and thermometric techniques. A significant decrease in the cor rosion rate of copper was observed in the presence of the investigated compounds. The corrosion rate was found to depend on the nature and concentrations of the inhibitors. The degree of surface coverage of the adsorbed inhibitors is determined from polarization measurements, and it was found that the results obey the Frumkin adsorption isotherm. The inhibitors acted as mixed-type inhibitors, but the cathode is more polarized. The relative inhibitive efficiency of these compounds has been explained on the basis of structure dependent electron donor properties of the inhibitors and the nature of the metal-inhibitor interaction at the surface. Also, some thermodynamic data for the adsorption process ( ΔGa* and f ) are calculated and discussed.