• 융합정보논문지
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 아동병원간호사의 말초정맥주입 관련 중요성 인식을 조사하고 중요성인식에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하기 위하여 128명의 아동병원간호사를 대상으로 시행된 서술적 조사연구로 수집된 자료를 SPSS 21.0으로 기술통계, T-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation 및 위계적 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 아동병원간호사의 말초정맥주입 관련 중요성 인식 중 교육이 가장 낮았고, 손위생이 가장 높았다. 결혼상태, 근무부서, 직위 및 최종학력에 따른 중요성 인식 하위영역에 부분적으로 유의한 차이가 있었고(p<.001~.046), 교육과 말초정맥주입 중요성인식 간 양의 상관관계가 있었다(p<.001). 중요성 인식에의 영향요인은 교육(${\beta}=.446$)과 근무부서(${\beta}=.247$)이었고, 변수들의 설명력은 31.0%이었다(p<.001). 본 연구결과는 반복 연구 후 아동병원간호사의 말초정맥주입 중요성 인식 관련 교육프로그램의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2003

Most of the ethyl alcohol consumed by humans is oxidized to acetaldehyde in the liver by the cytoplasmic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) system. For this ADH-catalyzed oxidation of alcohol, $NAD^+$ is required as the coenzyme and $NAD^+$becomes reduced to NADH. As the $NAD^+$becomes depleted and NADH accumulates, alcohol oxidation is reduced. For continued alcohol oxidation, the accumulated NADH must be quickly reoxidized to $NAD^+$, and it is this reoxidation of NADH to $NAD^+$that is known to be the rate-limiting step in the overall oxidation rate of alcohol The reoxidation of NADH to $NAD^+$is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, with pyruvate being utilized as the substrate. The pyruvate may be supplied from alanine as a result of amino acid metabolism via the urea cycle. Also, glutamine is thought to help with the supply of pyruvate indirectly, and to activate the urea cycle by producing $NH_3$. Thus, in the present study, we have examined the effects of alanine and glutamine on the alcohol oxidation rate. We utilized isolated perfused liver tissue in a system where media containing alanine and glutamine was circulated. Our results showed that when alanine (5.0mM) was added to the glucose-free infusion media, the alcohol oxidation rate was increased by 130%. Furthermore, when both glutamine and alanine were added together to the infusion media, the alcohol oxidation rate increased by as much as 190%, and the rate of urea nitrogen production increased by up to 200%. The addition of glutamine (5.0mM) alone to the infusion media did not accelerate the alcohol oxidation rate. The increases in the rates of alcohol oxidation and urea nitrogen production through the addition of alanine and glutamine indicate that these amino acids have contributed to the enhanced supply of pyruvate through the urea cycle. Based on these results, it is concluded that the dietary supplementation of alanine and glutamine could contribute to increased alcohol detoxification through the urea cycle, by enhancing the supply of pyruvate and $NAD^+$to ensure accelerated rates of alcohol oxidation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.197-202
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• 1994

The present study was aimed to determine if endogenous L-arginine-nitric oxide (NO) pathway has central, rather than peripheral, mechanisms in blood pressure regulation. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate responses to acute inhibition of the t-arginine-NO pathway were examined in rats anesthetized with thiopental (50 mg/kg, IP). An intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannula was placed in the left lateral ventricle. The right femoral artery was cannulated to measure arterial blood pressure and the vein to serve as an infusion route. $N^G-nitro-L-arginine$ methyl ester (L-NAME) was infused either intracerebroventricularly or intravenously. ICV infusion $(1.25\;{\mu}L/min)$ of L-NAME $(20\;or\;100\;{\mu}g/kg)$ per minute for 60 min) increased the mean arterial pressure and heart rate. Plasma renin concentrations(PRC) were significantly lower in L-NAME-infused group than in the control. L-Arginine $(60\;{\mu}g/min,\;ICV)$ prevented the pressor response to ICV L-NAME. The pressor response was not affected by simultaneous intravenous infusion of saralasin, but was abolished by hexamethonium treatment. Intravenous infusion $(40\;{\mu}L/min,\;10{\sim}100\;{\mu}g/kg\;per\;minute\;for\;60\;min)$ also increased blood pressure, while it decreased heart rate. These results indicate that endogenous L-arginine-NO pathway has separate central and peripheral mechanisms in regulating the cardiovascular function. The central effect may not be mediated via activation of renin-angiotensin system, but via, at least in part, activation of the sympathetic outflow.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.274-280
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 보트 안정성 및 품질 향상을 위해 배큠인퓨전(vacuum infusion) 자동화 기술을 개발한 다. 보트 생산시 매우 짧은 시간에 정확한 혼합비율로 수지와 경화제가 혼합되어 진공으로 선체와 데크 내부에 흡착되기 때문에 강도 변형 및 후(後) 변형성 등은 매우 중요하다. 배큠인퓨전 시스템을 이용하면 수지와 경화제의 혼합 비율 등의 조건을 정확하게 제어하고, 보트의 건조 및 강성 확보를 위한 최적 조건을 찾는 것이 가능하게 된다. 시간대별 수지 유동율 및 수지 흐름도 등은 작업 조건에 대한 모델별 정보 분석 및 최적화 정보를 DB화하여 내구성 등의 품질을 향상시킨다. 또한 다수 작업장에서 소수 작업 인원으로 효율적인 생산 공정 관리가 가능하여 생산비를 절감 한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.123-134
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• 1993

연구배경 : 조직형플라스미노겐활성체는 생리적인 플라스미노겐활성체이므로 혈전의 섬유소에 결합된 플라스미노겐만을 활성화시키는 특이성이 있어 효과적이고 안전한 혈전용해제로 사용될 수 있다고 기대된다. 그러나 조직형플라스미노겐활성체의 투여방법에 대해서는 장시간동안 계속 주입해야한다는 주장과 투여시간을 1시간이내로 해도 혈전용해효과는 지속적으로 나타나고 부작용을 유발하는 정도도 미미하므로 투여시간을 짧게 하자는 주장이 양립하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 폐혈전색전증에서 조직형플라스미노겐활성체의 투여방법에 따라 혈전용해효과가 어떻게 달라지고 폐색전증으로 인한 심폐기능장애가 약제의 투여방법에 따라 어떠한 영향을 받는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 실험견에 방사성동위원소로 표지된 자가혈병으로 대량의 폐색전종을 유발시켜서 대조군은 특이치료를 하지 않고 제 1 치료군은 15분동안, 제 2 치료군은 3시간에 걸쳐서 재조합형의 조직형플라스미노겐활성체를 체중당 1mg씩 정맥주입하였다. 그리고 실험과정중 4시간동안 혈전색전에서 방출되는 감마선량과 각종 혈역학적 지표를 감시하고 주기적으로 동맥혈 및 혼합정맥혈의 가스분석을 시행하여 어떠한 약제투여방법이 더 효율적인가를 분석하였다. 결과: 1) 혈전용해효과는 제 1 치료군이 $36.2{\pm}3.3%$, 제 2 치료군이 $39.6{\pm}2.3%$로 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 혈전용해속도는 제 1 치료군이 $81.4{\pm}16.8%/hr$, 제 2 치료군이 $37.3{\pm}2.4%/hr$로 제 1 치료군에서 급속한 혈전용해효과를 보였다 (p<0.05). 2) 약제의 작용시간은 제 1 치료군이 $63.3{\pm}22.2$분, 제 2 치료군이 $148.5{\pm}14.0$분으로 (p<0.05), 제 1 치료군에서는 약제투여후에도 지속적인 혈전용해효과를 보이지만 제 2 치료군에서는 약제투여중에 혈전용해효과가 정지되었다. 3) 폐색전증으로 인한 혈역학적 장애와 가스교환의 장애는 제 1 치료군 및 제 2 치료군에서 비슷한 정도로 개선되었으나, 제 1 치료군에서 보다 신속하게 개선되었다(p<0.05). 결론 : 폐색전증에서 치료목적으로 동량의 조직형플라스미노겐활성체를 투여할때 약제의 투여시간이 15분인 경우와 180분인 경우를 비교해보면, 혈전색전의 용해정도는 비슷하지만 혈전의 용해속도 및 폐색전증으로 인한 심폐기능장애의 개선효과는 약제의 투여시간이 15분일 때 더 우수하였다. 따라서 약제의 투여시간을 짧게하여 혈전의 용해속도를 촉진함으로써 폐색전증으로 인한 심폐기능장애를 신속히 개선할 수 있겠다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2001

Objective : To investigate the efficacy of high infusion frequency of liquid nitrogen on pregnancy in human embryo after freezing and thawing. Materials and Methods: 150 infertile patients underwent 162 consecutive thawing-ET cycles. In the high infusion frequency group (Group A), 47 patients (50 cycles) underwent cryopreservation with high infusion frequency of liquid nitrogen. In the low infusion frequency group (Group B), 103 patients (112 cycles) underwent cryopreservation with low infusion frequency of liquid nitrogen. We analyzed the clinical characteristics, fertilization rates, development of embryo, good quality embryo ratio, implantation rates, and pregnancy rates between these two groups. Results: There was no difference between the groups with regard to clinical characteristics (mean age, infertility duration, infertility factors, hormone profile), mean number of oocyte retrieval, fertilization rates, and mean embryo number of transfers. The survival rates in group A was 64.9% (228 of 350 embryos), and among the 228 embryos 190 embryos (83.3%) which progressed to the two- to eight-cell stage. After thawing, the embryo numbers were 65 (34.2%), 29 (15.3%), 35 (18.4%), and 37 (19.5%) of grades 1, 2, 3, and above 4, respectively. The survival rates in group B was 63.8% (482 of 755 embryos), and among the 482 embryos 465 embryos (96.5%) which progressed to the two- to eight-cell stage. After thawing, the embryo numbers were 106 (22.8%), 94 (20.2%), 89 (19.1%), and 112 (24.1%) of grades 1, 2, 3, and above 4, respectively. There was no difference in embryo quality change after the freezing-thawing procedure between the groups. Implantation rates (31.1% vs. 34.3%) were not significant. However hCG positive rates in group A (40%) were higher than group B, but not statistically significant. Clinical pregnancy rate (26% vs. 25.9%), on going pregnancy rates (>20 weeks) were not significant (26% vs. 25%). Conclusion: We compared embryo quality change, survival rates, and pregnancy rates between high infusion frequency group and low infusion frequency group and the results were similar between the two groups. Therefore, high infusion frequency of liquid nitrogen for cryopreservation is a worthy method to preserve in human embryos.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.341-350
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• 2023

In the present study, effects of a thin Zn-flash coating on hydrogen evolution, infusion, and embrittlement of advanced high strength steel during electro-galvanizing were examined. The electrochemical permeation technique in conjunction with impedance spectroscopy was employed under applied cathodic polarization. Moreover, a slow-strain rate test was conducted to evaluate loss of elongation (i.e., indicative of hydrogen embrittlement (HE)) and examine fracture surfaces. Results showed that the presence of a thin Zn-flash coating, even when it was not distributed uniformly, reduced hydrogen evolution rate and substantially impeded infusion of hydrogen into the steel substrate. This was primarily due to a hydrogen overvoltage on Zn coating and trapping of hydrogen at the interface of Zn coating/flash coating/steel substrate. Consequently, the sample with flash coating had a smaller HE index than the sample without flash coating. These results suggest that a thin Zn-flash coating could be an effective technical strategy for mitigating HE in advanced high-strength steels.

• 치과방사선
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.123-135
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• 1987

The author observed the effects of retrograde infusion of water soluble contrast media (Tele- brix 30) on the rabbit submandibular glands and compared the effects of different degrees of filling. 26 rabbits were divided into 2 groups of 12 each as experimentals and I group of 2 as normal controls. One experimental group was filled with 0.2㎖ and the other with 0.4㎖. Right submandibular gland of each rabbit was infused with contrast media and left one with physiologic saline as a experimental control, at a constant rate of 0.12㎖/min. using an infusion pump via the main excretory duct. Immediately after the infusion of contrast media, oblique lateral radiographs of the glands were made with occlusal film in order to confirm the glandular filling. The rabbits were sacrificed after varying periods (1, 8, 24 hours and 3, 6, 10 days) and the tissues were prepared for light and electron microscopic examination. The results were as follows: 1. In glands filled with 0.2㎖ contrast media, the initial changes were a few vacuole formation in the acini and slight dilation of the intralobular duct. The moderately severe changes such as vacuole formation in the acini, the abnormal substructure within the secretory granule, dilation of acinar and intercalated duct lumen, scalloping of striated duct lumen and inflammatory cell infiltrate were observed at 3 days. The general appearance was successively recovered, so the tissue had a normal appearance at 10 days. 2. In glands filled with 0.4㎖ contrast media, the most prominent alterations such as severe acinar atrophy, decreased number of secretory granules, proliferation of connective tissue stroma and pronounced inflammatory cell infiltrates appeared at 6 days. Although the general appearance returned to be almost normal at 10 days, acinar cells showed some atrophy and decreased secretory granules. 3. In glands subjected to 0.4㎖ infusion, the alterations were more severe and the recovery was slower than those seen in the glands to 0.2㎖ infusion.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.337-341
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• 2007

This study determined the effect of postpartum intrauterine infusion of povidone-iodine solution on the subsequent reproductive performance in dairy cows. Six hundred and fifty-eight dairy cows that were around week 4 postpartum were randomly divided into two groups: (1) Cows in treated group received an intrauterine infusion of 100 to 150 ml 2% povidone-iodine solution (treated group, n=269), or (2) Cows that received no treatment were served as the controls (control group, n=389). The cows were bred at observed estrus more than 50 days after calving. Artificial insemination (AI) was done according to the a.m.-p.m. rule. The conception to AI was determined per rectum 60 days after AI by both ultrasonographical observation and manual palpation. The intervals from calving to first service and conception ($94.2{\pm}2.7$ and $144.1{\pm}4.1$ days vs. $88.0{\pm,}2.1$ and $143.5{\pm}4.6$ days, respectively), number of services per conception ($2.0{\pm}0.1$ vs. $2.1{\pm}0.1$), and cumulative pregnancy rates within 90 and 150 days postpartum (31.9 and 61.7% vs. 29.7 and 62.1%) did not differ between the control and treated groups (P>0.05), while conception rate at first service was lower (P<0.05) in the treated group (40.5%) than in the control group (49.4%). Additionally, we could not find any effect of intrauterine infusion of povidone-iodine solution according to cow parity or calving season on the reproductive performance. These results indicate that intrauterine infusion of povidone-iodine solution at week 4 postpartum does not affect the subsequent reproductive performance in dairy cows.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.8.1-8.11
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• 2020

This study reports the clinical use of two sevoflurane-based anesthetic techniques in dogs undergoing craniectomy. Twenty-one animals undergoing elective rostrotentorial or transfrontal craniectomy for brain tumor excision, anesthetized with sevoflurane, were enrolled in this retrospective, observational study. Anesthetic records were allocated to two groups: Sevo-Op (sevoflurane and short acting opioid infusion): 8 dogs and Sevo-Dex (sevoflurane and dexmedetomidine infusion): 13 dogs. Average mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, end-tidal carbon dioxide, end-tidal sevoflurane and intraoperative infusion rates during surgery were calculated. Presence of intra-operative and post-operative bradycardia, tachycardia, hypotension, hypertension, hypothermia, hyperthermia was recorded. Time to endotracheal extubation, intraoperative occurrence of atrioventricular block, postoperative presence of agitation, seizures, use of labetalol and dexmedetomidine infusion were also recorded. Data from the two groups were compared with Fisher's exact test and unpaired t tests with Welch's correction. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for categorical variables. Intra-operatively, MAP was lower in Sevo-Op [85 (± 6.54) vs. 97.69 (± 7.8) mmHg, p = 0.0009]. Time to extubation was longer in Sevo-Dex [37.69 (10-70) vs. 19.63 (10-25), p = 0.0033]. No differences were found for the other intra-operative and post-operative variables investigated. Post-operative hypertension and agitation were the most common complications (11 and 12 out of 21 animals, respectively). These results suggest that the infusion of dexmedetomidine provides similar intra-operative conditions and post-operative course to a short acting opioid infusion during sevoflurane anesthesia in dogs undergoing elective rostrotentorial or transfrontal intracranial surgery.