• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.28-36
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• 2002

The main purpose of this study was to estimate a new regression model to explain the relationship between urban forest and air temperature in summer, 2001. This study consists of two parts: correlation coefficient analysis and regression analysis. According to correlation coefficient analysis, thermal infra-red radiations of the major land use categories found significant difference in each category. However there were no significant relationship between the data (thermal infra-red radiation and NDVI) derived from Landsat-7 ETM+ image and air temperature at Automatic Weather Stations(AWSs). After estimating various regression models for summer air temperature, the final models were chosen. The final regression models consisted of two variables such as forest m and traffic facilities area. The regression models explained over 78% of the variability in air temperatures. The regression models with variables of forest area and traffic facilities area showed that the coefficient of the first variable was even more significant than the second one. However, the negative impact of the traffic facilities area was slightly greater than the positive impact of the forest area. Consequently, the effects of forest area and traffic facilities area were apparent to explain summer air temperature in Seoul. Therefore two policies have the most important implications to mitigate the summer air temperature in Seoul: to expand and to conserve the urban forest; and to change the Oafnc facilities'characteristics. The results from this study are expected to be useful not merely in informing the public that urban forest mitigates summer air temperahne, but in urging the necessity of budgets for trees and managing urban forests. It is recommended that field swey of summer air temperature be Performed for the vadidation of the models. The main purpose of this study was to estimate a new regression model to explain the relationship between urban forest and air temperature in summer, 2001. This study consists of two parts: correlation coefficient analysis and regression analysis. According to correlation coefficient analysis, thermal infra-red radiations of the major land use categories found significant difference in each category. However there were no significant relationship between the data (thermal infra-red radiation and NDVI) derived from Landsat-7 ETM+ image and air temperature at Automatic Weather Stations(AWSs). After estimating various regression models for summer air temperature, the final models were chosen. The final regression models consisted of two variables such as forest m and traffic facilities area. The regression models explained over 78% of the variability in air temperatures. The regression models with variables of forest area and traffic facilities area showed that the coefficient of the first variable was even more significant than the second one. However, the negative impact of the traffic facilities area was slightly greater than the positive impact of the forest area. Consequently, the effects of forest area and traffic facilities area were apparent to explain summer air temperature in Seoul. Therefore two policies have the most important implications to mitigate the summer air temperature in Seoul: to expand and to conserve the urban forest; and to change the traffic facilities'characteristics. The results from this study are expected to be useful not merely in informing the public that urban forest mitigates summer air temperature, but in urging the necessity of budgets for trees and managing urban forests. It is recommended that field survey of summer air temperature be Performed for the vadidation of the models.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 2021

With the recent development of satellite sensor technology, high-spatial-resolution imagery of various spectral wavelength bands have become possible. Worldview-3 satellite sensor provides panchromatic images with high-spatial-resolution and VNIR (Visible Near InfraRed) and SWIR (ShortWave InfraRed) bands with low-spatial-resolution, so it can be used in various fields such as defense, environment, and surveying. In this study, mineral detection was performed using Worldview-3 satellite imagery. In order to effectively utilize the VNIR and SWIR bands of the Worldview-3 satellite image, the sharpening technique was applied to the spatial resolution of the panchromatic image. To confirm the utility of SWIR bands for mineral detection, mineral detection using only VNIR bands was performed and comparatively evaluated. As the mineral detection technique, SAM (Spectral Angle Mapper), a representative similarity technique, was applied, and the pixels detected as minerals were selected by applying an empirical threshold to the analysis result. Quantitative evaluation was performed using reference data on the results of similarity analysis to evaluate the accuracy of mineral detection. As a result of the accuracy evaluation, the detection rate and false detection rate of mineral detecting using SWIR bands were calculated to be 0.882 and 0.011, respectively, and the results using only VNIR bands were 0.891 and 0.037, respectively. It was found that the detection rate when the SWIR bands were additionally used was lower than that when only the VNIR bands were used. However, it was found that the false detection rate was significantly reduced, and through this, it was possible to confirm the applicability of SWIR bands in mineral detection.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.10b
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• pp.261-263
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• 2005

In this paper, we implement an identification system using the vein image of the hand. The vein pattern is obtained in the grey-scale 2D image through the infrared-red imaging from back of the hand. Since the frame has lack of clearance, we use some enhancing methods such as the complement, addition, and multiplication to the image to increase the contrast. After Wiener filtering for smoothness of the vein pattern, we transform the image into the binary image with mean function. The binarized image is session thinned and the cross-points in the vein tree are obtained by calculating the number of pixels connected because the image is shaped as a tree. We choose the point and find the nearest to the center if it has majority, where we find the two end points of the selected line. We can get the angle between the two lines joined at the cross-point and store its coordinates, angle, and label the values. The values are used as the feature vector of the vein pattern. This procedure is similar to the human cognition sequences. It is shown that the proposed method is simple for the vein recognition.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.365-373
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• 2019

An Image Infra-Red(IIR) seeker is widely used for precision guided munitions to provide intelligent and precise target detection in terms of high kill probability. However, there have been issues in determining the performance versus cost trade-offs due to high cost of seeker comparing to other units of the munitions. In this paper, performance/cost evaluations have been carried out to find the most cost-effective solution for developing the IIR seekers. The relationships between the critical parameters and cost are investigated to determine the optimal point which represents the low cost with high performance. It is expected that the presented approach will be able to be used for guidelines to select the appropriate IIR seeker for the given operating conditions and can be useful to estimate the cost effectiveness of the precision guided munitions at early design stage.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.688-694
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• 2009

A spray-type cleaning agent in utilizing dust-remover on PCB was chosen to study the cleanliness test and efficiency. In order to choose alternative environmental-friendly cleaning agents, it is important that the systematic selection procedures should be introduced and applied through the evaluation of their cleaning ability, environmental characteristics, and economical factors, and that the objective and effective evaluation methods of cleanliness should be established for the industry. A novel cleaning evaluation method with scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis of surface observation evaluation method and an infra-red thermography camera(THERMOVISION A20 model) was studied in this work. The sound card(CT-2770 model) cut by $2{\times}2cm$ size was used as a part, and before and after the spray cleaning, the cleanliness was observed by the image analyzer of SEM and further the removal efficiency of dust was quantitatively evaluated by the component analysis of EDX. For the parts of P4TE model motherboard and IPC-A-36 PCB plate, before and after the spray cleaning, temperature differences were measured and compared at room temperature and 50 oven temperature by an infra-red thermography camera in the contaminants of dust and iron powder.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

Remote sensing products have long been used to monitor and forecast natural disasters. Satellite-derived rainfall products are becoming more accurate as space and time resolution improve, and are widely used in areas where measurement is difficult because of the periodic accumulation of images in large areas. In the case of North Korea, there is a limit to the estimation of precipitation for unmeasured areas due to the limited accessibility and quality of statistical data. CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations) is global satellite-derived rainfall data of 0.05 degree grid resolution. It has been available since 1981 from USAID (U.S. Agency for International Development), NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). This study evaluates the applicability of CHIRPS rainfall products for South Korea and North Korea by comparing CHIRPS data with ground observation data, and analyzing temporal and spatial drought trends using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), a meteorological drought index available through CHIRPS. The results indicate that the data set performed well in assessing drought years (1994, 2000, 2015 and 2017). Overall, this study concludes that CHIRPS is a valuable tool for using data to estimate precipitation and drought monitoring in Korea.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.66-75
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• 2010

We proposed an occupant sensing system using single video camera and ultrasonic sensor for the advanced airbag. To detect the occupant form and the face position in real-time, we used the skin color and motion information. We made the candidate face block image using the threshold value of the color difference signal corresponding to skin color and difference value of current image and previous image of luminance signal to gel motion information. And then it detects the face by the morphology and the labeling. In case of night without color and luminance information, it detects the face by using the threshold value of the luminance signal get by infra-red LED instead of the color difference signal. To evaluate the performance of the proposed occupant detection system, it performed various experiments through the setting of the IEEE camera, ultrasonic sensor, and infra-red LED in vehicle jig.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.555-563
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• 2018

Thermal infrared images have the characteristic of being able to detect objects that can not be seen with the naked eye and have the advantage of easily obtaining information of inaccessible areas. However, TIR (Thermal InfraRed) images have a relatively low spatial resolution. In this study, the applicability of the pansharpening algorithm used for satellite imagery on images acquired by the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) was tested. RGB image have higher spatial resolution than TIR images. In this study, pansharpening algorithm was applied to TIR image to create the images which have similar spatial resolution as RGB images and have temperature information in it. Experimental results show that the pansharpening algorithm using the PC1 band and the average of RGB band shows better results for the quantitative evaluation than the other bands, and it has been confirmed that pansharpening results by ATWT (${\grave{A}}$ Trous Wavelet Transform) exhibit superior spectral resolution and spatial resolution than those by HPF (High-Pass Filter) and SFIM (Smoothing Filter-based Intensity Modulation) pansharpening algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.665-671
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• 2010

This paper propose the DDEGST(divergent-direction-emphasis generalized symmetry transform) which emphasis the symmetry of divergent intensity orientation for effective target extraction in FLIR(forward looking infra-red) images. In the proposed method, we use the exponential function instead of cosine function as a phase weight function in the generalized symmetry transform for effective target extraction in FLIR images which contain a target with higher intensity than a background intensity. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we compare the proposed mehtod with conventional GST method in experiments. We prove that the proposed method have better performance in IR images.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.107-115
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• 2008

Accurate extraction of traversable region is a critical issue for autonomous navigation of unmanned ground vehicle(UGV). This paper introduces enhanced extraction of traversable region by combining scene clustering with 3D world modeling using CCD(Charge-Coupled Device)/IR(Infra Red) image. Scene clustering is developed with K-means algorithm based on CCD and IR image. 3D world modeling is developed by fusing CCD and IR stereo image. Enhanced extraction of traversable regions is obtained by combining feature of extraction with a clustering method and a geometric characteristic of terrain derived by 3D world modeling.