• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.206-215
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• 2022

Background: Fragrance substances in consumer products can cause adverse health effects such as contact allergy. In South Korea, consumer chemical products must list 26 known fragrance allergens on product labels when they contain more than 0.01%. Fragrance substances are mostly used in combination, so co-exposure can occur via use of a consumer chemical product. Co-exposure to fragrance allergens may show a synergistic effect on the human body. Objectives: The aims of the study were to analyze the characteristics of fragrance allergens in consumer chemical products available on public websites and to identify the co-occurrence patterns of fragrance allergens. Methods: The chemicals in 1,443 ingredient disclosures for consumer chemical products were collected through the Ecolife database. The 26 labelled fragrance allergens were identified by category of consumer chemical product. The co-occurrence patterns of the 26 labelled fragrance allergens were analyzed by frequent pattern mining. The unlabelled fragrance allergens presented by European Union Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety were also identified. Results: Consumer chemical products contained an average of 5.3±4.2 substances among the 26 labelled fragrance allergens. More than 85% of air fresheners, deodorizing agents, and fabric softeners contained at least one of the 26 labelled fragrance allergens. The most frequently contained fragrance allergens were limonene (50.5%), linalool (49.9%), hexyl cinnamal (34.0%), and citronellol (28.3%). 16.7% of consumer chemical products showed a co-occurrence of limonene, linalool, hexyl cinnamal, and citronellol. Thirty-eight unlabelled fragrance allergens were found in the consumer chemical products, with hexamethylindanopyran (25.2%) being the most frequently contained substance. Conclusions: The characteristics and co-occurrence patterns of 26 labelled fragrance allergens would be useful information for the management of co-exposure to fragrance allergens in consumer chemical products. It is necessary for attention to be paid to unlabelled fragrance allergens.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.240-249
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• 2022

This study explored the public's response to an incident involving publicity about how physicians broke bad news to a terminal cancer patient by analyzing 1,960 comments from three online news websites that reported on this event using Braun and Clarke's theme analysis methods. Three themes and 10 subthemes emerged from the public's responses to the way the physicians broke the bad news. Theme 1 (a physician is a person who tells the facts) contained the following subthemes: physicians are responsible for delivering facts, but it is a matter of consideration for patients to deliver bad news to them, empathy and consolation should be expected from people other than physicians, and physicians who say what patients want to hear are cheaters. Theme 2 (there is a problem with physicians) included the following subthemes: the physicians' empathy or personality and problems with their communication methods. Theme 3 (there are obstacles to communication with dying patients) had the following subthemes: physicians become emotionally dull and find it very stressful to break bad news, giving hope to dying patients can lead to medical disputes, and empathy and consolation are also costly. When breaking bad news, the physicians delivered factual information, but they did so inappropriately, and emotional support for the patient was insufficient. In medical communication education, it is necessary to emphasize training in emotional support. In the medical field, an environment should be created where physicians can communicate as they have learned.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.1303-1318
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the debate on the use of medical devices between Western Medicine and Korean Medicine, as this is one of the greatest conflicts in Korea's medical profession. Judicial precedents and interpretations of authority serve as regulations because medical affairs law states that Korean Medicine practices are ambiguous. Method: We conducted a search in the Korean RISS, OASIS, and DBPIA databases using several keywords associated with medical devices, Korean Medicine, and Korean Medicine Doctors. The search period was until November 5 2021. The retrieved papers were classified according to the selection and exclusion criteria by checking the title, abstract, and text. For precedents, searches were done regarding comprehensive legal information, etc., and in the case of non-disclosure precedents, we requested access to the precedents by web-court requests. Results: A total of 80 documents were found as a result of the search, and 13 publications were included in the study. The selected publications were classified and analyzed by this research team into Korean medicine, Western medicine, and legal or state agency research. In the existing literature and judgments, the arguments that played a major role changed depending on the time the judgment was made. "Social conventions", "curriculum", "academic principles", and "health and hygiene dangers" were the key arguments. Conclusions: Further studies will be needed that can comprehensively arrange the existing literature and clinical results, and continuous study will be needed to verify that the use of medical devices by Korean medicine doctors is helpful for prognosis and accurate treatment of their patients.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2022

As more veterinary clinics become specialized with the growth of the companion animal market, an increasing number of veterinary clinics perform orthopedic surgery and use orthopedic products, some of which are defective and have side effects. Thus, the present study aimed to prepare fundamental data for the revision and development of manufacturing standards for these products in order to prevent their side effects. We conducted a survey targeting veterinary clinics as consumers and medical device companies as suppliers. Veterinary clinics were surveyed via offline and online methods; 320 clinics that offered orthopedic surgery and approximately 4,000 veterinary clinics that were registered in the Korean Veterinary Medical Association were targeted, and 153 veterinary clinics responded to the survey. The survey for medical device companies, was performed online, targeting 29 companies; 14 companies responded. The number of side effects of orthopedic products was higher in animal orthopedic products than in those for human use. Many consumers tended to suspect that side effects were caused by product defects. To resolve side effects after using orthopedic products, consumers mostly underwent reoperation. Meanwhile, some severe cases proceeded to legal disputes. Similarly, medical device companies, or the suppliers, responded that most side effects occurred in veterinary orthopedic products and that product defects and mistakes in use were the causes. As for most of the follow-up actions for side effects, these companies either reported the issue to those in charge or analyzed and resolved the issues themselves. Therefore, to develop quality products, suppliers should be provided with clear standards for the production, and information disclosure and a report system for side effects should be particularly established to gain consumers' trust regarding the safety of these products.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.45-59
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• 2023

This study aims to find implications for the introduction and practice of ESG by domestic fashion companies by examining the core ESG topics and strategies of Samsung C&T Fashion Division, Kolon FnC, F&F holdings, and Fila. ESG management analysis examined the importance of the criticality evaluation process, critical issues, and implementation strategies for each key topic based on the company's 2021 ESG sustainable management report, and analyzed the relationship with UN SDGs and the GRI. The analysis results are as follows: As for KCGS' ESG rating, Samsung C&T's fashion division, Kolon FnC, and Fila Holdings were rated A, while F&F Holdings was rated B+. The major issues derived from ESG's criticality assessment are environmental issues related to Samsung C&T's fashion division. Kolon FnC was found to have focused on the social sector and F&F Holdings focused on governance structure. After examining the correlation between the ESG core strategies of the investigated fashion companies and the 17 SDGs, the common areas were identified as quality employment, sustainable production and consumption, and climate changes and response. Correlation with the GRI Standards 2021 Index, (GRI 1, GRI 11, and GRI 12 created in 2021) was not reflected. In the future, it will be necessary to have a transparent governance structure that meets global standards, sets measurable goals, and continuously manages them. Other companies should also recognize ESG management processes that embrace various stakeholders and strengthens win-win cooperation to manage risks, and establish mid- to long-term response strategies.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.579-585
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore keywords within stalking-related news articles according to political orientation through the text network analysis, and then to examine the implicit intentions. Selecting total 1,607 articles including 824 articles of the conservative press(The Chosun Ilbo, The Joongang Ilbo) and 783 articles of the progressive press(The Hankyoreh, The Kyunghyang Shinmun) reported from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022, this study explored the aspect of topic category drawn through the topic modeling technique based on LDA(Latent Dirichlet Allocation). In the results of this study, the common topics of the conservative and progressive press were improvement of the perception of gender-based violence, personal protection & intensity of punishment, and disclosure of stalkers' personal information. Regarding the topics differently shown in those two press, the conservative press showed stalkers' harmful act, and outline of 'murder case at Sindang Station' while the progressive press showed request for aggravated punishment on the 'murder case at Sindang Station', and eradication of sexual exploitation crime (in cyber space). The results of this study imply that there are changes in the type of reporting according to ideological opinions about stalking in news articles.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.27-35
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• 2023

This study aims to provide implications for Korea's efficient application policies for closed schools by identifying the current status of how closed schools are revitalized in Japan and their supportive measures. In Japan, a total of 2,215 schools have closed from 1992 to 2001, and 8,580 schools from 2002 to 2020, with 10,709 closures occurring from 1992 to 2020. The average number is about 369 per year. In terms of the overall trend, the number of closed schools have been put into use and the numbers have increased from 70% in 2013 to 74% in 2020. To summarize the characteristics of the use, first, there is a complex phenomenon in which the use of closed schools are becoming more diverse. Second, closed schools are most often revitalized as educational facilities for residents, followed by social sports facilities, social education facilities and cultural facilities. Third, the use of closed schools in the industries are increasing as they are used as "corporal facilities and start-up support facilities". In order to promote the use of closed schools, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan promoted the simplification and elasticity of property disposal procedures in 2008. Since 2010, the disclosure of information on closed facilities and matching service between providers and users have been unified through the "Let's Connect to the Future ~ Closed School for All" project. The Cabinet Office including the four offices, and five central governments are advocating the use of closed schools by promoting subsidy support projects.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.24
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• pp.1-31
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• 2010

This article aims to identify organizational factors that influence the performance of implementation of the U.S. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and to investigate the strength and direction of their effects. Explanatory variables include administrative resources, organizational culture, litigation cost, and the complexity of FOIA requests. The study will analyze quantitative secondary data from official statistics of federal agencies and the 2006 Federal Human Capital Survey as well as qualitative data from semi-structured interviews of FOIA officers. The results of statistical analyses are as follows : FOIA funding significantly affects median processing time and number of requests pending. There is a significant relationship between bureaucratic culture and number of requests pending, but not between bureaucratic culture and number of requests pending. There exists a significant relationship between the cost of FOIA litigation to federal agencies and the performance of FOIA implementation. There exists a significant relationship between the complexity of FOIA requests and the performance of FOIA implementation. This study also has important implication in South Korea, which has been under a sharp confrontation with North Korea for more than 50 years. As illustrated by the conflict between people's right to know and national security during the investigation of recent Sinking of the ROKS Cheonan, efforts should be made to prepare legal and institutional mechanism for freedom of information policy which can maintain a balance between conflicting values as well as efficient information disclosure in Korea.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2011

Purpose: Sharing genetic information with family members is important for cancer awareness and prevention. The purpose of this study is to examine disclosure patterns of positive BRCA genetic test results to patients' relatives. Materials and Methods: A total of 106 probands who had positive BRCA genetic test results from the Korean Hereditary Breast Cancer Study participated in our study. Subjects were asked whether they had disclosed their genetic test results to first-, second-, and third-degree relatives. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify factors associated with positive result sharing with close and distant relatives. Results: In total, 99 respondents (93.4%) informed at least one at-risk relative of the test result, and they all reported that they had disclosed their genetic test result to a first-degree relative. Communication of test results to other relatives occurred significantly less often, with only 31 of 99 subjects (31.3%) sharing their results with second- or third-degree relatives. In the results of univariate analyses, disclosure of genetic test results to more distant relatives was associated with marital status and months since post-test counseling. The reasons for communication were to provide information about the BRCArelated cancer risk and to recommend the genetic test. Conclusion: Most individuals with the BRCA mutation share their test results with first-degree family members; however, these results reach more distant relatives significantly less often. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage patients' communication with extended family members through systematic genetic counseling.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.50
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• pp.273-309
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• 2016

Unlike other government agencies, the city of Seoul experienced a three-year gap between the establishment of a function classification system and the introduction of a business management system. As a result, the city has been unable to manage the current status of the function classification system, and this impeded the establishment of standards for records management. In September 2012, the Seoul Metropolitan Government integrated the department in charge of the standard sheet for record management with the department of function classification system into a new department: "Information Disclosure Policy Division." This new department is mainly responsible for record management and information disclosure, and taking this as an opportunity, the city government has pushed ahead with the maintenance project on BRM and Standards for Record Management (hereby "BRM maintenance project") over the past two years, from 2013 to 2014. The study was thus conducted to introduce the case for the improvement of standards for record management through the BRM maintenance project by mainly exploring the case of Seoul. During the BRM maintenance project, Seoul established a unique methodology to minimize the gap between the operation of a business management system and the burden of the person in charge of the BRM maintenance project. Furthermore, after the introduction of the business management system, the city government developed its own processes and applied the maintenance result to the system in close cooperation with the related departments, despite the lack of precedence on the maintenance of the classification system. In addition, training for the BRM managers of the department has taken place twice -before and after the maintenance-for the successful performance of the BRM maintenance project and the stable operation of the project in the future. During the period of maintenance, newsletters were distributed to all employees in an effort to induce their active participation and increase the importance of records management. To keep the performance of the maintenance project and to systematically manage BRM in the future, the city government has mapped out several plans for improvement: to apply the "BRM classification system of each purpose" to the service of the "Seoul Open Data Plaza"; to reinforce the function for task management in the business management system; and to develop the function of a records management system for the unit tasks. As such, the researchers hope that this study would serve as a helpful reference so that the organizations-which had planned to introduce BRM or to perform the maintenance project on classification system-experience fewer trials and errors.