• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.5 no.9
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• pp.1101-1110
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• 2004

In the first quarter of 2004, there were about 1 billion 348 million mobile phone users worldwide with a penetration rate of only 29%. Korea ranks among the highest in the use of mobile communication, having over 36 million mobile phone subscribers with a mobile phone penetration rate of 75% as of May 2004. Since the introduction of wireless Internet service in May 1999, the number of subscribers rose to 34.5 million with 95.3% of the total mobile phone subscribers using wireless Internet services in May 2004, largely due to continued investments by telecommunication service providers, improvement of mobile handsets (color and digital camera phones) and implementation of policies on mobile number portability. In the Korean wireless Internet market, there are many user complaints since the service providers are competing with each other through TV commercial sales and phone discounts rather than improving their call quality, services and billing systems. therefore there is a growing need to improve the billing systems through means such as the implementation of reasonable payment plans according to consumer use, development of a wireless Internet billing system that can predict the number of users and establishment of pricing standards for controlled data (head, tail, etc...) as well as menu information by testing the texts. multimedia, video and other types of content provided by the three major mobile communication companies. The purpose of this study is to promote wireless Internet services and protect user rights by proposing a reasonable way to improve the billing systems for wireless Internet services after conducting a comparative analysis of file size and billing data of each of the service providers through a verification test on a packet billing system for wireless Internet services.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.826-833
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• 2009

Currently, the rise of social tagging has changing taxonomy to folksonomy. Tag represents a new approach to organizing information. Nonhierarchical classification allows data to be freely gathered, allows easy access, and has the ability to move directly to other content topics. Tag is expected to play a key role in clustering various types of contents, it is expand to network in the common interests among users. First, this paper determine the relationships among user, tags and resources in social tagging system and examine the circumstances of what aspects to users when creating a tag related to features of websites. Therefore, this study uses tags from the social bookmarking service 'del.icio.us' to analyze the features of tag words when adding a new web page to a list. To do this, websites features classified into 7 items, it is known as tag classification related to resources. Experiments were conducted to test the proposed classify method in the area of music, photography and games. This paper attempts to investigate the perspective in which users apply a tag to a webpage and establish the capacity of expanding a social service that offers the opportunity to create a new business model.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.374-387
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• 2012

In this paper, we implement a new hardware for finding the significant coefficients of a digital hologram and ciphering them using discrete wavelet packet transform (DWPT). Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and packetization of subbands is used, and the adopted ciphering technique can encrypt the subbands with various robustness based on the level of the wavelet transform and the threshold of subband energy. The hologram encryption consists of two parts; the first is to process DWPT, and the second is to encrypt the coefficients. We propose a lifting based hardware architecture for fast DWPT and block ciphering system with multi-mode for the various types of encryption. The unit cell which calculates the repeated arithmetic with the same structure is proposed and then it is expanded to the lifting kernel hardware. The block ciphering system is configured with three block cipher, AES, SEED and 3DES and encrypt and decrypt data with minimal latency time(minimum 128 clocks, maximum 256 clock) in real time. The information of a digital hologram can be hided by encrypting 0.032% data of all. The implemented hardware used about 200K gates in $0.25{\mu}m$ CMOS library and was stably operated with 165MHz clock frequency in timing simulation.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.29-49
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• 2000

The purposes of this study are to identify the characteristics of inner-city industrial community and to analyse the subsistence mode of small manufacturing enterprises in the industrial community in Taegu Metropolitan area. The case study area, Nowon 1. 2-ga dong, is the typical inner city industrial community, adjacent to old industrial complex, which was recently transformed from semi -industrial to semi-residential zoning district. Now there are many old one story housing, newly constructed multi stories housing and many small factories of metal and machinery products. The conflicts of between residents and small business owners are not serious but latent. The subsistence mode of small manufacturing enterprises in this area is characterized as the network production system. The main attributes of this mode are local integration, horizontal subcontracting and strong industrial linkages in production processes and transactions. These transactions are mainly made by face-to-face contacts. The small business owners' local social networks are seen as series of units which are interconnected through various types of social and business relations. They exchange business information as using social networks. In addition, the majority of them join local social clubs with their local business counterpartners. Finally, the locational advantages of inner-city industrial community are production network, different industrial linkages and characteristic industrial milieu such as social solidarity, informal labor market and incubator effects. But these advantages are being challenged from the contradiction between capital and laned property and the urban gentrification policy. Accordingly, there should be positive redevelopment policy considering the subsistence mode of small business in these areas.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.281-288
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• 2017

In Smart-cities, various types of integrated services must be linked to provide services to applications. Therefore, flexibility must be ensured between services so that various services can be efficiently provided. In order to secure the flexibility among services, it is very important to have a function to dynamically discover and invoke a desired service by searching for a semantic service by reflecting a recognized context through real-time context-aware in smart-cities. To date, quite a number of semantic service discovery techniques have been developed. However, they have not been verified as suitable for use in the smart-city domain. In this study, we tried to verify the existing ones to use a suitable one. We tested most of existing semantic service discovery techniques, but we found that none of them is suitable to our research. Therefore, we developed our own semantic service discovery technique. This paper introduces our work and presents the performance evaluation results that demonstrate that our developed works well and show good performance. For the performance evaluation, the experimental system was actually constructed and the real performance was measured. In the experiment, we implemented the semantic service discovery scenario that dynamically searches and calls the services needed to provide fire accident management services in smart cities.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.60-71
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• 2000

This research is a field investigation to collect basic information about the safe and efficient use of physical restraint in hospitals and for the ultimate minimization of restraint use. The objects of this study were sixty-four patients. They were restrained physically. Add their 32 family members, 24 nurses of two university hospitals in Seoul were also involved in the study. From April 16, to May 27, 1999. Research data were collected throughout the observation and interview process. Also, the data was analyzed using frequencies and field study notes that were invented by researchers. Results of this study were as follows: 1. According to the sex and age distinction; male's restraint use was 75%, female's was 25% and pre-schoolage children 39.1%, middle age 26.5%, and senior citizens 20.3%. According to the disease distinction; neuro-system was 35.9%, respiratory system was 21.9%. In the Ward, 40.6% of ICU patients were restrained and 39.0% of pediatric ward children were also to restraint. 70.3% of patients were restrained under 5days, while 10.9% were restrained 10days. 2. Types of physical restraints were wrist restraint (45.21%), arm board (35.62%), leg restraint (8.22%), chest restraint (6.85%), elbow restraint (2.74%) and mitten restraint (1.37%). 3. The percentage was 3.5%, which was in 64 restrained out of 1828 hospitalized people. At 1st investigation, the ratio was 3.5%, the 2nd was 3.0% and the 3rd was 3.9%. 4. The reasons of using the physical restraint were 'to protect implements' (72.84%), 'to protect patients' (18.52%), 'to protect an operative site' (8.64%). 5. The result of the patients; family and nurses' response analysis was: 'It seems to be safe', 'It uses properly', 'It is convenient for relatives and nurses', 'It is helpful to treatment', 'Objective think it is not restraint' were 79.9%. 'It is discomfort and stuffy', 'The implement is ineffective' were 21.1%. However in interview of the patients who can do verbally communication, 6 of 7 was responded that 'It is stuffy and uncomfortable'. 6. When restraint is used, the main decision is usually made by the nurses 42.2% of the time. The statistics read as thus: nurses and the physician in charge 31.3%, nurses and family 12.5%, physician's order 7.8%, only family 6.2%. Although the record of restraint was only 15.6% so that only 10 cases out of all the 26 ICU patients restrained. This study shows that physical restraints which of infringe independent-right of patients, are used without using criterion, explaining the agreement. Also, subjective decision of physician, nurses, and family make the decision of using restraint. So development of practice manuals and rules for restraint implementation is urgent.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.2 s.107
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• pp.153-171
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• 2005

The newly adopted Korea Geodetic Datum (a.k.a. KGD2002) calls for massive reengineering work on geospatial dataset. The main focus of our study is placed on the strategy and system implementations of the required data reengineering with a keen attention to integrated approaches to interoperability, standardization, and database utilization. Our reengineering strategy includes file-to-file, file-to-DB, DB-to-file, and DB-to-DB conversion for the coordinate transformation of KGD2002. In addition to the map formats of existing standards such as DXF and Shapefile, the newly recommended standards such as GML and SVG are also accommodated in our reengineering environment. These four types of standard format may be imported into and exported from spatial database via KGD2002 transformation component. The DB-to-DB conversion, in particular, includes not only intra-database conversion but also inter-database conversion between SDE/Oracle and Oracle Spatial. All these implementations were carried out in multiple computing environments: desktop and the Web. The feasibility test of our system shows that the coordinate differences between Bessel and GRS80 ellipsoid agree with the criteria presented in the existing researches.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.726-734
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• 2018

The total number of Sea Area Utilization Consultation in the environment management sea areas reviewed from 2015 to 2017 were 60. The number of development projects in the environment conservation sea areas decreased steadily, but special management sea areas increased. Development types in environment management sea areas showed that artificial structure installation was the highest ratio, followed by fishery port development and construction of habor and coastal maintenance and sea water intake and draining. By comparing the trend of water quality changes using marine environment information system (MEIS) data in the environment management areas from 2006 to 2017, COD showed no significant changes but the environment conservation sea areas increased slightly, and the concentration of TN and TP decreased. Gwangyang and Masan bays in the special management sea areas and Gamak bay in the environment conservation sea areas displayed oxygen deficient mass in the summer. As the use of development projects of the environment management sea areas are performed continuously, an analysis of the status of sufficient water quality changes is necessary for environmental impact assessment (Sea Area Utilization Consultation) in the marine environment and should be evaluated mainly for management of contamination by diagnosing thoroughly water quality effects and the pollution of sediment. Especially, the water quality goal for the purpose of designation in each of the environment management sea areas is set clearly, connection with pollution source control and the total pollution load management system (TPLMS) should be proposed and measured to reduce the amount of contaminated water.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.25-35
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• 2011

Traffic volume increases due to diversification of industry. Also, Automobile ownerships also increase steadily. It is estimated that the registered number of vehicle is expected to be 20 milion in the year 2015. These trends may result in increasing the number of woman drivers and elderly drivers. Therefore, this study aims to identify routes that reflect characteristics of each driver's preferences. A survey was conducted on different routes attributes for variances drivers. Driver types were classified by gender, age, and driving career. Accordingly, a weight for road composition attribute such as number of lanes, number of accidents, slope was estimated by using Swing Weighting technique in Multi-Attribute Utility Theory. In addition, a case study was conducted and identified weights were applied to routes. In result, drivers commonly prefer short route when they considered their routes. Also, male drivers prefer speedy and shorter route than that of female drivers. Elderly drivers prefer safe routes that represent low accidents rate. Moreover driving career under a year drivers prefer safe and easy routes. Therefore, we may conclude that the necessity of diversified route information is essential in the future car navigation system.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.107-115
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• 2014

Recently, increased use of the internet resulted in generation of large and diverse types of data due to increased use of social media, expansion of a convergence of among industries, use of the various smart device. We are facing difficulties to manage and analyze the data using previous data processing techniques since the volume of the data is huge, form of the data varies and evolves rapidly. In other words, we need to study a new approach to solve such problems. Many approaches are being studied on this issue, and we are describing an effective design and development to build indexing engine of big data platform. Our goal is to build a system that could effectively manage for huge data set which exceeds previous data processing range, and that could reduce data analysis time. We used large SNMP log data for an experiment, and tried to reduce data analysis time through the fast indexing and searching approach. Also, we expect our approach could help analyzing the user data through visualization of the analyzed data expression.