• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.595-609
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the guidelines for Medic Work Table (MWT) based on the anthropometric data of medical technologists. Background: Users' anthropometric data such as sitting height, sitting elbow height, knee height, and so on are significant factors for designing comfortable and useful furniture. Thus, many guidelines for different types of desks and chairs based on the users' anthropometric data have been suggested to many researchers. However, few researches have been conducted to provide design guidelines for MWT for blood collecting task. Medical technologists often use their upper extremities to perform blood collecting task with high repetitions. These repeated motions could be a critical factor in the prevalence rate of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs). Therefore, a study on ergonomic design of MWT would be essential in preventing the WMSDs and improving the quality of the working environment of medical technologists. Method: This study suggested design guidelines for ergonomic MWT by focusing on the heights of the upper side and underside, depths of the inside and outside, and width of MWT through anthropometric studies and literature reviews. Afterwards, a new MWT was made using the suggested design guidelines for this study. Five healthy medical technologists participated to evaluate the original MWT and new MWT. All participants took part in the range of motion (ROM) test, electromyography (EMG) muscle activity test, and usability test to validate the suggested guidelines in this study. EMG signals of related muscles (Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris, Deltoid Anterior, and Biceps Branchii) were recorded through the surface electromyography system from both the original MWT and the new MWT. The ROM test of the shoulder and elbow flexion was also assessed using motion sensors. Results: The newly designed MWT showed decreased ROMs of the shoulder and elbow up to 22% and 18% compared to the original MWT. The muscle activities in the new MWT also showed a decrease of 13% in Anterior Deltoid, 6% in Biceps Brachii, 5% in Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, and 8% in Extensor Carpi Ulnaris muscle groups, compared to the original MWT. In the usability test, the satisfaction score of the new MWT was also 56.1% higher than that of the original MWT. Conclusion: This study suggested guidelines for designing MWT and validating the guidelines through qualitative and quantitative analyses. The results of motion analysis, muscle activity, and usability tests demonstrated that the newly designed MWT may lead to less physical stress, less awkward posture, and better physical user interface. Application: The recommended guidelines of the MWT would be helpful information for designing an ergonomic MWT that reduces physical loads and improves the performance of many medical technologists.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.154-169
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• 1996

Parish nursing is a community health nursing role developed in 1983 by Lutheran chaplain Granger Westberg. An increasing emphasis on holistic care, personal reseponsibility for a healthy lifestyle, and changes in healthcare delivery systems have undoubtedly facilitated the establishment and nurturance of an innovative nursing role in the community. Parish nurses are functioning in a variety of church congregations of various denominations. The parish nurse is a educator, a personal health counselor, a coordinator of volunteers. The parish nurses helps people relate to the complexed medical care system and assists people to integrate faith and health. The autors conducted a study on pastor's expectations from parish nurses. Results of this study will be useful to those instrumental in planning, initiating, supporting, and evaluating a parish nurses program The research was done on 130 pastors in Taegue and Kyong Sang Buck Do, of various ages ranging from their 20's to 60's: and pastoring churches of various sizes, ranging from under 100 to over 300 members. 94.6% agreed that they needed a parish nurse on their staff; and 86.2% said they wanted to start a parish nurse program in their churches if certain basic conditions were met. The pastors responded that some would hire the nurses on a full-time basis(22.3%), a part -time basis (37.7%) or use volunteer nurses (40%). The pastors said they would expect the following from a parish nurse: health counselling (80.0%) regular health check-ups (78.5%) health care for the elderly (78.5%) health information and education (72.3%) hospice care (72.3%) visiting sick church members at home (69.2%) arranging and training volunteers to help the seek (59.2%) health care for expectant mothers (50.0%) introducing and taking people to health care facilities (46.2%) The pastors were surveyed about specific areas of health education they would want the parish nurse to teach(for example, high blood pressure and heart disease prevention and management(76.2%) ; stress management(74.6%); and diabetes prevention and management(73.8%). The pastors were surveyed about specific areas of health counselling they would expect the parish nurse to do (for example, drug abuse, (73.1), alcohol abuse(64.6%), marriage conflict(60.0%), recovery after the loss of a loved one(56.9%), and women's conflict with parents-in-law(53.8%). The pastors were surveyed about types of things they would want included in regular health check-ups, what they would want a parish nurse to do on home visits, and what they would want included in home care for the elderly. They were also surveyed on what kind of spiritual care they would like parish nurses to give. Most (90.7%) wanted their parish, parishioners to be involved in the parish nurses program as volunteers, and in a variety of ways(such as visiting sick in their homes(68.5%) and helping with housework(63.1%) and taking sick people to health facilities(60%). Parish nurses role, activities, and boundaries of practice should be continuously monitored and refined and a 'case manager' should be conceptualized as an additional or all-encompassing role. An initial parish / community needs and readiness assessment should be done prior to establishing a program to detemine if the congregation is ready, willing, and able to support such a position for at least a 2 to 3 year period.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.119-126
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• 1992

R/C라멘골조에 있어서 수직부재(기둥, 벽등)에 수평부재(보, 슬라브등)의 콘크리트 강도보다 1.4배가 넘는 강도의 콘크리트를 분리타설할 경우 ACI 318-89 R10. 13. 1은 수직부재에 타설한 콘크리트가 수평부재로 2ft(60cm)이상의 내민길으를 확보하도록 규정하고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 이 규정을 그대로 적용하기에 앞서 실험적인 검증을 통하여 구조적인 안전성을 확보하기 위하여 주요변수로서 콘크리트 압축강도, 전단보강비, 하중재하방법 등을 두어 총 6개의 시험체를 시험 및 분석하였다. 실험결과는 일방향 단조하중을 받는 시험체가 반복하중을 받는 시험체보다 다소 낮은 하중 수행능력을 보였다. 반복하중을 받는 시험체의 경우 접합면으로부터 5~20cm정도 떨어진 부분에 집중적인 균열이 발생하였으나 2ft(60cm)의 내민길이 면에서의 거의 균열이 발생하지 않아 현재 ACI의 내민길이 2ft(60cm)에 대한 규정은 매우 안전한 것으로 사료되며, 전단보강비가 증가함에 따라 부재의 연성능력이 증가하는 것으로 나타나 요구되는 전단보강근양의 50%이하는 부재의 거동에 다소 불리하나 50%를 초과하는 전단보강은 과다한 보강인 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.24-32
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 포맷 변환기를 사용하여 여러 가지 영상처리 필터링을 구현하였다. 이러한 설계 기법은 집적회로를 이용한 대규모 화소처리배열을 근거로 하여 실현하였다. 집적구조의 두가지 형태는 연산병렬프로세서와 병렬 프로세스 DRAM(또는 SRAM) 셀로 분류할 수 있다. 1비트 논리의 설게 피치는 집적 구조에서의 고밀도 PE를 배열하기 위한 메모리 셀 피치와 동일하다. 이러한 포맷 변환기 설계는 효율적인 제어 경로 수행을 능력을 가지고 있으며 하드웨어를 복잡하게 할 필요 없이 고급 기술로 사용 될 수 있다. 배열 명령어의 순차는 프로세스가 시작되기 전에 호스트 컴퓨터에 의해 생성이 되며 명령은 유니트 제어기에 저장이 된다. 호스트 컴퓨터는 프로세싱이 시작된 후에 저장된 명령어위치에서 시작하여 화소-병렬 동작을 처리하게 된다. 실험 결과 1)단순한 평활화는 더 높은 공간의 주파수를 억제하면서 잡음을 감소시킬 뿐 아니라 에지를 흐리게 할 수 있으며, 2) 평활화와 분할 과정은 날카로운 에지를 보존하면서 잡음을 감소시키고, 3) 평활화와 분할과 같은 메디안 필터링기법은 영상 잡음을 줄이기 위해 적용될 수 있고 날카로운 에지는 유지하면서 스파이크 성분을 제거하고 화소 값에서 단조로운 변화를 유지 할 수 있었다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.153-169
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• 1996

This study was designed to identify, describe and classify orientations of cancer patient's family members to death and to identify factors related to their attitudes on death. Death to the male is understood as a comprehensive system and believed to be highly subjective experience. Therefore attitude on death is affected by personalities. As an attempt to measure the subjective meaning toward death, the unstructured Q-methodology was used. Korean Death Orientation Questonaire prepared by Kim was used. Item-reliability and Sorting-reliability were tested. Forty five cancer patients' family members hospitalized in one university medical center in Seoul were sampled. Sorting the 65 Q-itmes according to the level of personal agreement ; A forced normal distribution into the 11 levels, were carried out by the 45 P-samples. The demographic data and information related to death orientation of the P-sample was collected through face to face in depth interviews. Data was gathered from August 30 till September 22, 1995. The Z-scores of the Q-items were computed and principal component factor analysis was carried out by PC-QUANL Program. Three unique types of the death orientation were identified and labeled. Type I consists of twenty P-samples. Life and death was accepted as people's destiny, They firmly believed the existence of life after life. They kept aloof from death and their concern was facing the and of the life with dignity, They were in favor of organ donation. Type II consists of Nine P-Samples. They considered that death was the end of everything and did not believed the life after life. They were very concerned about the present life. Type III consists of Sixteen P-samples. They regarded the death as a natural phenomena. And they considered that the man is just a traveller and is bound to head for the next life which is believed to be free of agony, pain or darkness. They neither feared death nor its process. Their conserns were on the activities to prepare themselves for the eternal-life after death. Thus, it was concluded that there were three distinctiven type of attitudes on death among cancer patient family members, and their death attitudes were affected by demographic and socio-cultural factors such as sex, education, and religion.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.427-432
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• 2006

Background: Lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer death in South Korea since 2000. This study examined the clinical characteristics of lung cancer patients diagnosed in a community hospital from the year 2000 to 2005, and compared these results with previously reported statistical data. Method: The lung cancer data in a form of an electronic medical record was downloaded from the hospital medical information system. The clinical characteristics of the 1,509 patients with lung cancer were analyzed retrospectively. Result: The mean age of the patients was 63.7 years. 82.5% and 74.5% of the patients were men and smokers, respectively. Squamous cell carcinoma (41.6%) was the most common pathology type followed by adenocarcinoma(32.3%) and small cell carcinoma(13.9%). When 604 patients who were diagnosed from 2000 to 2003 were compared with 905 patients diagnosed from 2004 to 2005, the age of patients increased significantly (61.5 years vs. 65.1 years; p<0.001) and the proportion of adenocarcinomas was significantly higher(29.3% vs. 34.4%; p=0.046). Conclusion: Among the major histology types of lung cancer, the incidence of adenocarcinoma has been increasing recently. The age of the lung cancer patients at diagnosis is getting older. This is despite the fact that the distributions of the initial anatomic stages have not changed significantly.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2010

본 연구는 부산광역시 국공유지 자투리땅을 대상으로, 공원으로 조성 가능성을 판단하기 위한 실태파악과 적합성 평가에 대한 방법론적 접근을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해서 부산광역시의 국공유지 지목에 대한 재산 목록과 지적도면, 위성영상을 활용하여 국공유지 자투리땅의 현황 파악과 GIS분석을 통한 공원 적합성 평가 및 국공유지 자투리땅의 토지 특성을 분류했다. 그 결과, 공원으로 조성 가능한 국공유지 자투리땅은 516개소($375,934m^2$)이며, 평지에 위치한 토지가 39%로 가장 많이 분포했다. 또한, 토지 특성은 $500m^2$ 미만이며, 경사도 $5^{\circ}$ 이상의 평지형과 개방형이 가장 높은 비율을 차지했고, 부지수의 25.4%를 차지했다. 그리고 공원 조성에 적합한 부지 선정을 위해 예상 공원이용자 및 공원소외를 고려한 필요성, 토지이용 현황에 대한 공원 공급을 고려한 용이성, 접근성을 배려한 이용가능성의 세 가지 판단기준에 따라 평가한 결과는 조성 가능한 공원의 최적합지로 필요성 260개소, 용이성 305개소, 이용가능성 267개소이며, 이러한 기준의 최대 적합지로서는 61개소가 분석되었다. 이러한 결과는 국공유지의 단순한 유지 보존의 차원을 넘어 적극적인 활용하기 위해 자료를 시각화하여 나타낼 수 있는 GIS DB(Date Base) 구축에 대한 방법론과 향후 국공유지 자투리땅의 활용 및 관리에 기초적 자료를 제시했다고 볼 수 있다.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제13D권3호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2006

현대의 소프트웨어공학 관련 연구 중에서, 산업계가 궁극적으로 추구하는 수준의 생산성을 제공할 수 있는 기술은 아마도 프로덕트라인 공학이 될 것이다. 지금까지의 소프트웨어공학 기술로는 소프트웨어 개발 분야에 프로덕트라인 기법을 실질적이고 실용적으로 적용하기에는 아직 충분히 성숙하지 못한 것이 사실이다. 본 논문에서는 저자가 산업체에서 접한 과거 3년 동안의 PDA 스마트폰 개발 경험을 바탕으로 실용적 수준의 프로덕트라인 기법을 Model-Driven Architecture(MDA) 접근 방법을 통해 제안한다. 이동 단말 시스템의 경우 단말기 제조사, 목적 사용자 층, 이동 단말 사업자 등에 따라 다양한 형태의 소프트웨어가 존재한다. 특히, 최근에는 단말기 사용자가 직접 느낄 수 있는 지원 기능 구성 및 인터페이스 형식은 매우 다양한 형태가 존재하며, 같은 제조사에 시리즈 제품으로 개발하더라도 이 부분에 대한 변이성이 매우 큰 특징이 있다. 하지만, 전형적인 폰 관련 기능 모듈 즉, 음성호 및 화상전화 기능, 메시지, 주소록, 데이터통신, 카메라 및 멀티미디어 기능, 웹 브라우징 과 같은 큰 기능 묶음에 대한 피처(Feature)들은 자체의 다양한 기능적 요구사항과 함께 피처 간 상호 연관성을 크고 다양한 형태로 구성될 수 있는 특성이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이동 단말기에서 구현해야 하는 다양한 형태의 사용자 소프트웨어의 요구사항에 대해 사용 시나리오 상에서 구분 가능하고 의미 있는 장면의 연속 관계로 정의하여 추후 설계, 구현, 시험 단계에서도 소프트웨어 아키텍쳐 역할을 할 수 있는 개발 기법을 제안한다. 따라서, 요구분석 단계에서도 사용자 인터페이스 관점에서 전반적인 소프트웨어 아키텍쳐에 대해 검증할 수 있게 될 뿐만 아니라 소프트웨어 개발 주기 전 과정에서 그 구조를 사용자 인터페이스 관점에서 유지, 관리 할 수 있는 핵심적인 방법을 제공한다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.111-116
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• 2005

2006년 영일만 신항이 개장할 경우 포항항 진입 수역은 현재보다도 선박 통항량이 증가하고 중대형 선박들의 입출항이 가속화될 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 포항항 일부 진입 수역에는 여전히 항행 위험 요소가 존재하고 있고, 호미곶 인근 해역에서의 무질서한 항행 및 교통 폭주 등 포항항 진입 항로에 대한 통항 안전성을 위한 교통 환경 개선이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 포항항 진입 수역에 대한 교통 현황 실태와 통항 선박의 행동 특성을 고찰하기 위하여 포항항 진입 수역을 대상으로 특정 기간 동안 해상교통조사를 전용 소프트웨어를 이용하여 실시하였다. 또한 해상교통조사 결과를 선종별 및 톤수별로 통계 처리하고 통항 선박의 항적 분포 등을 토대로 통항 선박의 주요 통항로와 통항 특성 등을 고찰하였으며, 향후 포항항 진입 수역의 항로지정에 활용하고자 한다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2017

Pigs have been extensively used as mediators of xenotransplantation research. Specifically, the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) miniature pig was developed to fix major histocompatibility antigens for use in xenotransplantation studies. We generated transgenic pigs for xenotransplantation using MGH pigs. However, it has not been studied yet whether these pigs show similarity of reproductive physiological characteristics to wild types of MGH miniature pig. In this study we analyzed the estrous cycles and pregnancy characteristics of wild type (WT) and transgenic MGH miniature pigs, which were ${\alpha}1,3$-galactosyltransferase (GalT) heterozygous and homozygous knock-out, and membrane cofactor protein (MCP) inserted in its locus, $GalT^{-MCP/+}$ and $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pigs. Estrous cycles of WT, $GalT^{-MCP/+}$ and $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pigs were $20.9{\pm}0.74$, $20.1{\pm}1.26$, and $17.3{\pm}0.87days$, respectively, and periods of estrous were $3.2{\pm}0.10$, $3.1{\pm}0.12$, and $3.1{\pm}0.11days$. The periods of gestation of WT, $GalT^{-MCP/+}$ and $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pigs were $114.2{\pm}0.37$, $113.3{\pm}0.67$, and $115.4{\pm}0.51days$, respectively. Litter sizes of WT, $GalT^{-MCP/+}$ and $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pigs were $4.8{\pm}0.35$, $4.8{\pm}1.11$ and $3.0{\pm}0.32$ respectively. There were no significant differences on estrous cycle, periods of estrous and gestation, and litter size among WT, $GalT^{-MCP/+}$ and $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pigs, meaning that GalT knock-out and additional expression MCP of the MGH miniature pig did not effect on reproduction traits. These results provide relevant information to establish breeding system for MGH transgenic pig, and for propagation of $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pig to supply for xenotransplantation research.