• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.732-748
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• 2009

The technology of Semantic Web realizes the base technology for context-awareness that creates new services by dynamically and flexibly combining various resources (people, concepts, etc). According to the realization of ubiquitous computing technology, many researchers are currently working for the embodiment of web service. However, most studies of them bring about the only predefined results those are limited to the initial description by service designer. In this paper, we propose a new service supporting model to provide an automatic method for plan related tasks which achieve goal state from initial state. The inputs on an planner are intial and goal descriptions which are mapped to the current situation and to the user request respectively. The idea of the method is to infer context from world model by DL-based ontology reasoning using OWL domain ontology. The context guide services to be loaded into planner. Then, the planner searches and plans at least one service to satisfy the goal state from initial state. This is STRIPS-style backward planner, and combine OWL-S services based on AI planning theory that enabling reduced search scope of huge web-service space. Also, when feasible service do not find using pattern matching, we give user alternative services through DL-based semantic searching. The experimental result demonstrates a new possibility for realizing dynamic service modeler, compared to OWLS-XPlan, which has been known as an effective application for service composition.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.159-174
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to provide information searching for health promotion, nutrition improvement, and health care of the impaired elderly by ADL(Activity of Daily Living) and IADL(Instrumental Activity of Daily Living). The subjects were divided into the Assistant Needed Group and No Assistant Needed Group for living in line with the responses of ADL(10 items like dressing, washing, move etc.) and IADL(10 items like housekeeping, using transportation, shopping, Phone call etc.). Survey was made for health behavior, health risk habit, dietary management status and diet intake by 24 hr-recall and questionnaire method. 242 subjects were collected in 12 cities or Gun districts in Gyeonggi Province, S. Korea. Survey was carried out by regional home extension workers using interview method. Statistical analyses were made using SAS (Version 8.1). Chi-Square Tests and General Linear Models. The subjects of impaired ADL elderly was 26.5% and it composed 30% of the total male and 22.2% of the total female. The demographic status of the impaired ADL elderly showed no difference from that of the normal elders, elementary school educated (73.4%), with spouse (43.8%) or with adult children(37.5%), using monthly living cost of 500-1,000 thousand won(35.9%). Mean age was 74.05 years compared to 72.25 years of normal elders. However, there was no significant difference from the normal and impaired ADL group, regular exercise(60.0%), with walking (90.0%), no-smoke(54.7%) and no-drink(48.4%). Kind of disease was not different from the one in impaired and normal group, with cardiovascular disease(32.3%), with diabetes mellitus(8.1%), joint lumbago neuralgia(32.3%) and osteoporosis(9.7%). Gastrointestinal complaints of the impaired ADL group were nausea(57.8%), chronic indigestion (23.4%), constipation (14,0%) and vomiting(3.7%). Sleeping time required for the impaired was longer than that for the normal group by 10hours(4.7%) or 8-10hours(20.3%), which consisted 1.7% and 16.6% respectively. Nutrient intake of the impaired ADL group was low compared to normal range elders: Energy(1260kca1), Protein(52.75g). There was gender difference in nutrient intake; the male impaired group showed no significant difference from the normal group but it was significantly lower in female impaired group. These results suggest that low quality of life and low economic status of the impaired ADL elderly require congregate meal in village hall to cover the lack of side dishe variety. And nutrition education program including community assistance would be required for the impaired ADL elderly together with the sufficient food and exercise practice. By operating nutrition education program, the impaired ADL elderly would maintain more enhanced quality of life and ameliorate the ADL capability.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.144-155
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• 1996

During the 1990s the workplace has grown more complex and business competition has increased world-wide. All organizations, whether for-profit or non-profit have been forced to respond to market changes. More advanced information and technology, greater product diversity, shorter product life cycles, increased quality requirements, more regulation oversight, decreasing productivity, more competitors, and increasing overhead costs have motivated organizations to focus on ways to deliver products cheaper, better, and faster. Many organizations are searching for ways to reduce costs through downsizing, reengineering business processes, implementing quality management, outsourcing, and improving cost management. Support departments that provide services internal to an organization such as human resources, legal, and environmental, safety, and health (ES&H) are often the first organization targeted for cost reduction and cost control initiatives because these functions are part of a rapidly increasing overhead cost. Recently, ES&H functions are incresingly being integrated into the business of business to contribute value to organization beyond mere compliance with ES&H regulations. The discussions and development of the ISO compatible Environmental Management Standards or Occupational Safety and Health Management Standards is another impetus to integrate ES&H function into the business of business. Thus, ES&H professional need new skills to analyze the cost of their function and communicate the value of the products and services they provide. In recent years, the need for and the importance developing cost management and business skills by ES&H professionals have been emphasized in the literature. Communicating with decision makers in terms of cost and value to the organization, and by using business language and business arguments is the first step toward effectively integrating ES&H activities into the business of business. Activity-based costing (ABC) is a cost management method that measures the cost of a product or service based on the actual use of resources by activities, and based on the actual amount of activities used to produce a product or service. ABC is recommended as a tool for managers of ES&H organizations to determine the cost of developing and providing ES&H products within a for-profit firm or non-profit agency. This paper discusses the trend of integration of ES&H functions into the mainstream of business activities within an organization. The general principles of treditional cost accounting are presented as a bases for understandging why and how ABC will provide more accurate estimates of cost. The principles and concepts of ABS are presented as a tool for determining more accurately the true cost of ES&H products and services.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.372-388
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• 2018

Objective: This study evaluates the effectiveness and safety of moxibustion for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods: Using the keywords "benign prostatic hyperplasia", "benign prostatic hypertrophy", "benign prostatic enlargement", "prostatic hyperplasia", and "moxibustion", we searched papers in numerous databases, including National Discovery for Science Leaders (NDSL), Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal (KTKP), Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL. The search range included randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Papers not matched with inclusion criteria were excluded. The methodological quality of each RCT was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Where appropriate, meta-analyses were performed. Results: Initially, 77 studies were found. Of these, 11 duplicate studies were removed and 27 were excluded following title and abstract screening. After the remaining 39 papers were scanned, 13 RCTs were selected and analyzed. Among these 13 RCTs, five compared moxibustion therapy and oral medication, seven compared moxibustion plus acupuncture therapy and oral medication, and one compared moxibustion plus acupuncture therapy and sham-moxibustion. The meta-analysis showed positive results for the use of moxibustion therapy in terms of International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Quality Of Life (QOL), Maximum Flow Rate (Qmax), Prostate Volume (PV), and the efficacy rate. The meta-analysis showed positive results for the use of moxibustion plus acupuncture therapy in terms of IPSS, QOL, and the efficacy rate. Conclusions: This meta-analysis of clinical trials suggests that moxibustion is effective intreating BPH patients. The results of this study could be applied to clinical treatment of BPH. However, additional large-scale clinical researches should be conducted.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.248-253
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• 2002

This study was to provide information about snow falling phenomenon in Korea for 1934 years from BC 6 to 1928 based on the records of old literatures, which are the true record of the Chosun dynasty, records of king Kojong and Soonjong, and some data including history of the Koryo in internet home page of Korea meteorological administration. Key words used in search procedure were totally 20 words such as snow, heavy snow, big snow, snow pellets, snowstorm, avalanche, etc. The searching contents consisted of the time of the first and the last snow, the amount of snow falling, snow damage, the thought about heavy snow phenomenon, and unusual weather conditions related to snow. The earliest record for the first snow was July of the rural calendar in 733 and the latest record for the last snow was June 11 of the lunar calendar. From these records, it could be estimated that there were some snow falling even in summer season. The amount of almost heavy snow ranged from 1.2 m to 1.5 m, but sometimes there were some records about the amount of snow falling higher than 3 meters. It was also found that there were three records about big heavy snow damages. In 1524 and 1525, approximately 100 and 140 peoples in Kyungsung, Hamgyung Province were dead due to heavy snowstorm. It was also recorded that 91 people in Jeiu island were dead in 1670 because of snow damage. Some singular records about snow were also found in old literatures. There was a congratulatory ceremony of new snow when the first snow was falling in the year. There was also a ritual praying for snow when there was no snow in the year. It was also found that there was snow falling with worms and red snow falling.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.179-199
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• 2017

This research was conducted in a phenomenological method to explore what the meaning for marriage migrant women to have college experience is. In other words, It is to find out what the motivation for them to enroll the college is and what the experience of studying in college implies. Also, figuring out how the expectation for life after the college experience is built up structurally is the purpose of the research. To ensure the qualitative warranty of the research, the participants are selected by "Sampling and Data Collection Strategy" suggested by Miles & Huberman (1994); and those selected participants are six marriage migrant women in urban-rural area with 10~18 years of residence period. The information for this research had been collected by in-depth and additional interviews along with observation towards these six participants. The result is the following. First, the motivation for them to enroll the college is; to realize of one's dream, to have confident parental model, to pursuit stabilized domestic economy, to have a professional occupation, and to make it as a mean of searching one's career path. Second, the experience of studying in college implies; enhancing communication ability, establishing self-image in the family and its relationship, having confident in raising children, enhancing healthy living of family, enhancing human relations, and lifelong learning person through set of learning. Third, the structure of how it build the future life is; having independent life pursuing stable living economically, living as a confident Korean by pursuing the value of learning and having a life of human being.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.115-126
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• 2012

Mashups have become very popular over the last few years, and their use also varies for IT convergency services. In spite of their popularity, there are several challenging issues when combining Open APIs into mashups, First, since portal sites may have a large number of APIs available for mashups, manually searching and finding compatible APIs can be a tedious and time-consuming task. Second, none of the existing portal sites provides a way to leverage semantic techniques that have been developed to assist users in locating and integrating APIs like those seen in traditional SOAP-based web services. Third, although suitable APIs have been discovered, the integration of these APIs is required for in-depth programming knowledge. To solve these issues, we first show that existing techniques and algorithms used for finding and matching SOAP-based web services can be reused, with only minor changes. Next, we show how the characteristics of APIs can be syntactically defined and semantically described, and how to use the syntactic and semantic descriptions to aid the easy discovery and composition of Open APIs. Finally, we propose a goal-directed interactive approach for the dynamic composition of APIs, where the final mashup is gradually generated by a forward chaining of APIs. At each step, a new API is added to the composition.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.5-15
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• 2010

Business corporations have become specialized and on the basis of various interests try to strengthen their competitiveness through a cooperative system of purchase, distribution, service and IT technology. And an advanced Internet-based electronic commerce has witnessed explosive growth and a business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce. Through E-marketplace. business corporations achieve such diverse utilities as expenditure curtailment, process reduction and prime cost reduction. And with business depression worldwide and soaring prices of materials, many business corporations consider the introduction of comprehensive purchase of MRO (maintenance, repair and operation) materials. The Purpose of this study was to examine the definition of B2B E-marketplace and the utilities of MRO commerce correctly focusing on an empirical analysis of cases of MRO supply and purchase business corporations. The indications acquired from this research results are as follows. Firstly, as for MRO integrated purchase under the characteristics of the market environment, it had to use the supplier obligatorily through the integrated purchase on the level of CEO's decision-making or the group rather than the voluntary will of the purchasing department or the procurement department. Secondly, as for the present B2B E-marketplace MRO purchase, the purchasing agency business has formed the mainstream, but it is aiming at the diversification of the benefit by supplementing/correcting the business model such as category type, mediation business type, MRO-type advancing in the store inclusive of the purchasing agency business, keeping pace with the potential market of MRO. Thirdly, as for analysis of the products, the purchaser wants more various products and assortment of goods than those of the present time, and also to be provided with the precise product information. Especially, as the importance of the product sourcing becomes high, the whole energy has been bestowed on acquirement of the excellent suppliers. Fourth, as for use of B2B E-marketplace MRO integrated purchasing system, there are the purchasing companies complaining the inconvenience even until now, and there is the demerit spending the long time during the image move and the process treatment. It shall try to shorten the searching time and the process treatment time as the system is centered on the purchaser. In order to enhance the efficiency of MRO E-marketplace purchase, followings must be considered: First, because the importance of product sources ever increases, an excellent supplier must be secured earnestly. Second, the time of process must be reduced focusing on purchasers. B2B E-marketplace will increase and diversify electronic commerce continuously. Through MRO E-marketplace, business corporations will reduce expenditure, achieve a transparent and speedy trade, and purchase products of fine quality, thus establishing a most effective market. In addition, in this study the investigator brings focus into MRO which has not been clearly discussed in the academic and business world so far and intensively highlights an indirect material-oriented expenditure curtailment effect. By taking all the aspects of supplier, purchaser and practical economical value into account, the investigator presents a strategic direction for the successful comprehensive purchase of B2B MRO.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.390-398
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• 2017

In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey for the purpose of finding a method of mobile sector ecosystem activation targeted at small and medium businesses (SMBs). Through the total of 204 responders consisting of business employees from each mobile sector, we analyzed the factors inhibiting the development of the mobile ecosystem and preventing the activation the mobile market, as well as conducting a diagnosis of the digital potential. This paper presented suggestions for searching for a systematic supporting strategy considering the short-term inhibitory factors (market structure improvement, financial support, etc.) and long-term orientation factors (personnel nurturing, strengthening of supporting role by governmental initiative) for the activation of the domestic mobile market. After measuring the digital potential, we found that domestic mobile SMBs have perceived the importance of the digital potential and have considered and readied themselves for the future market. The present survey found that if suitable digitalization can be accomplished for their firms' products and services, they have the ability and willingness to succeed in the market. However, they have a hard task ahead of them from adigital delivery perspective given the potential for digital disruptions.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.23-31
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• 2004

Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA Landauer ＆ Dumais, 1997) is a technique to represent the meanings of words using co-occurrence information of words appearing in he same context, which is usually a sentence or a document. In LSA, a word is represented as a point in multidimensional space where each axis represents a context, and a word's meaning is determined by its frequency in each context. The space is reduced by singular value decomposition (SVD). The present study elaborates upon LSA for use of representation of ambiguous words. The proposed LSA applies rotation of axes in the document space which makes possible to interpret the meaning of un. A simulation study was conducted to illustrate the performance of LSA in representation of ambiguous words. In the simulation, first, the texts which contain an ambiguous word were extracted and LSA with rotation was performed. By comparing loading matrix, we categorized the texts according to meanings. The first meaning of an ambiguous wold was represented by LSA with the matrix excluding the vectors for the other meaning. The other meanings were also represented in the same way. The simulation showed that this way of representation of an ambiguous word can identify the meanings of the word. This result suggest that LSA with axis rotation can be applied to representation of ambiguous words. We discussed that the use of rotation makes it possible to represent multiple meanings of ambiguous words, and this technique can be applied in the area of web searching.