• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.102-116
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• 2021

For the safe operation of autonomous vehicles, the representative technology of the 4^th industrial revolution era, a combination of various technologies such as sensor technology, software technology and car technology is required. An autonomous vehicle is a vehicle that recognizes current location and situation by using the various sensors, and makes its own decisions without depending on the driver. Perfect recognition technology is required for fully autonomous driving. Since the precise road maps provide various road information including lanes, stop lines, traffic lights and crosswalks, it is possible to minimize the cognitive errors that occur in autonomous vehicles by using the precise road maps with location information of the road facilities. In this study, the definition, necessity and technical trends of the precise road map have been analyzed, and the HD(High Definition) map prototype based on the web GIS has been built in the autonomous driving-specialized areas of Daegu Metropolitan City(Suseong Medical District, about 24km), the Happy City of Sejong Special Self-Governing City(about 33km), and the FMTC(Future Mobility Technical Center) PG(Proving Ground) of Seoul National University Siheung Campus using the MMS(Mobile Mapping System) surveying results given by the National Geographic Information Institute. In future research, the built-in precise road map service will be installed in the autonomous vehicles and control systems to verify the real-time locations and its location correction algorithm.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.42 no.4 s.304
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

This paper presents a map matching method using multiple hypothesis technique(MHT) to identify the road that a land vehicle is located on. To realize a map matching method using MHT, Pseudo-measurements are generated utilizing adjacent roads of GPS/DR position and the MHT is reformulated as a single target problem. Since pseudo-measurements are generated using digital map, topological properties such as road connection, direction, and road facility information are considered in calculating probabilities of hypotheses. In order to improve the map matching performance under when bias errors exist in digital road map data, a Kalman filter is employed to estimate the biases. Field experimental results show that the proposed map matching method provides the consistent performance even in complex downtown areas, overpass/underpass areas, and in the areas where roads are adjacent in parallel.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.65-70
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• 2004

This study is to improve location Precision of forest road map which is base of forest road management. The forest road map is constructed using satellite imagery data and GPS route survey, and compared with existing FGIS digital forest road map. And we proposed application of LiDAR data for extracting forest roads.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.133-144
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• 2017

Recently, weather information is getting closer to our real life, and it is a very important factor especially in the transportation field. Although the damage caused by the abnormal climate changes around the world has been gradually increased and the correlation between the road risk and the possibility of traffic accidents is very high, the domestic research has been performed at the level of basic research. The Purpose of this study is to develop a risk map for the road hazard forecasting service of weather situation by linking real - time weather information and traffic information based on accident analysis data by weather factors. So, we have developed a collection and analysis about related data, processing, applying prediction models in various weather conditions and a method to provide the road hazard map for national highways and provincial roads on a web map. As a result, the road hazard map proposed in this study can be expected to be useful for road managers and users through online and mobile services in the future. In addition, information that can support safe autonomous driving by continuously archiving and providing a risk map database so as to anticipate and preemptively prepare for the risk due to meteorological factors in the autonomous driving vehicle, which is a key factor of the 4th Industrial Revolution, and this map can be expected to be fully utilized.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2011

To enable the efficient operation of ITS, it is necessary to collect location data for vehicles on the road. In the case of futuristic transportation systems like ubiquitous transportation and smart highway, a method of data collection that is advanced enough to incorporate road lane recognition is required. To meet this requirement, technology based on radio frequency identification (RFID) has been researched. However, RFID may fail to yield accurate location information during high-speed driving because of the time required for communication between the tag and the reader. Moreover, installing tags across all roads necessarily incurs an enormous cost. One cost-saving alternative currently being researched is to utilize GNSS (global navigation satellite system) carrierbased location information where available. For lane recognition using GNSS, a precise digital map for determining vehicle position by lane is needed in addition to the carrier-based GNSS location data. A "precise digital map" is a map containing the location information of each road lane to enable lane recognition. At present, precise digital maps are being created for lane recognition experiments by measuring the lanes in the test area. However, such work is being carried out through comparison with vehicle driving information, without definitions being established for detailed performance specifications. Therefore, this study analyzes the performance requirements of a precise digital map capable of lane recognition based on the accuracy of GNSS location information and the accuracy of the precise digital map. To analyze the performance of the precise digital map, simulations are carried out. The results show that to have high performance of this system, we need under 0.5m accuracy of the precise digital map.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.766-771
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• 2002

Automatic change detection based on the vector-to-raster comparison is hard especially in high-resolution image. This paper proposes a method to designate roads in high-resolution image in sequential manner using the information from vector map in which Hough transform is used for reliability. By its linearity, the road of urban areas in a vector map can be easily parameterized. Following some pre-processing to remove undesirable objects, we obtain the edge map of raster image. Then the edge map is transformed to a parameter space to find the selected road from vector map. The comparison is done in the parameter space to find the best matching. The set of parameters of a road from vector map is treated as the constraints to do matching. After designating the road, we may overlay it on the raster image for precise monitoring. The results can be used for detection of changes in road object in a semi-automatic fashion.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.29-36
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• 2012

The low-carbon freight transportation system was introduced due to increase traffic congestion cost and carbon-dioxide for global climate change according to expanding city logistics demands. It is necessary to create 3D-based road network map for representing realistic road geometry with consideration of fuel consumption and carbon emissions. This study propose that 3D road network model expressed to realistic topography and road structure within trunk road for intercity freight through overlaying 2D-based transport-related thematic map and 1m-resolution DEM. The 3D-based road network map for the experimental road sections(Pyeongtaek harbor-Uiwang IC) was verified by GPS/INS survey and fuel consumption simulation. The results corresponded to effectively reflect realistic road geometry (RMSE=0.87m) except some complex structure such as overpass, and also actual fuel consumption. We expect that Green-based freight route planning and navigation system reflected on 3D geometry of complex road structure will be developed for effectively resolving energy and environmental problems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.459-467
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• 2014

The importance of fusion and association using established spatial information has increased gradually with the production and supply of various spatial data by public institutions. The generation of necessary spatial information without field investigation and additional surveying can reduce time, labor, and financial costs. However, the study of the integration of the newly introduced road name address map with the digital map is very insufficient. Even though the use of the road name address map is encouraged for public works related to spatial information, the digital map is still widely used because it is the national basic map. Therefore, in this study, building matching and update were performed to associate the digital map with the road name address map. After geometric calibration using the block-based ICP (Iterative Closest Point) method, multi-scale corresponding pair searching with hierarchical clustering was applied to detect the multi-type match. The accuracy assessment showed that the proposed method is more than 95% accurate and the matched building layer of the two maps is useful for the integrated application and fusion. In addition, the use of the road name address map, which carries the latest and most frequently renewed data, enables cost-effective updating of new buildings.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.871-879
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• 1997

The comversion of printed maps into computerixed data bases is an enormous rask. Thus the autmaotion of the conversion process is essential. Efficient computer representation of printed maps and line drawings depends on codes assigened to chracaters, symbools, and vestor representation of the graphics. In many cases, maps ard constructed in a number of layers, where each layer is printed in a distinct color, and it represents a subste of the map infromation. In order to properly repressnet road information from color map images, an automatic road extraction algorithm is proposed. Road image is separated from graghics by color segmentation, and then restored by the proposed concurrent conditional dilation operation. The internal and external noise of the road image is eliminated by opening and closing operation. By thining and vectorizing line segments, the desited road information is extracted.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.413-416
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• 2007

To construct road spatial information database, it is the main object of this study that an analysis of road factors and furthermore this is used to the rescue activities in case of urban disasters. When urban disasters such as earthquake or explosion cause fire and collapses people of the affected region happen to evacuate. But only to manage roads and monitor traffic volume, the road data is designed and managed using digital topographic map so it is short that the design of road spatial data to prevent disasters. In this study, we tried to suggest the evaluative factors of evacuation to design database : road width, traffic volume, the fixed or movable obstacles installed, the surrounding environments that dominate the land-use planning, the uses, materials, structures, sizes, and densities of the buildings. Thus, these could provide fundamental data to determine the disasters management planning for evacuation and rescue activities, to evaluate the riskiness, and to draw up hazard information map.